This article focuses on an engineered system that uses the advantages of available modern technology, including Global Positioning System satellites, inertial reference systems, flight management systems (specialized computers), and autopilots. More than a decade ago, 85 member states of the International Civil Aviation Organization endorsed a global Communications, Navigation, Surveillance, and Automated Traffic Management concept. This concept, called Future Air Navigation System II, advocates a change from terrestrial-based technology to space-based technology and digital communication. Extensive use is made of satellites for both navigation and communication. In 1995, the first-generation system was placed in use over the Pacific, where aircraft were out of range of the older radio control systems for lengthy time periods. Perhaps the evolution in aviation technology has parallels in the past, when ASME codes for safe boilers and pressure vessels, as well as elevators and escalators were voluntarily adopted and, eventually, legislated into practice. Aviation is a vital national and international service. Problems of safety and efficient use of assets require solution.
Co-Operative Air Traffic Management: Concept and Transition