Boundary layer controls on the sidewalls of wind tunnels for two-dimensional tests

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Two Dimensional

The spanwise perturbation of two-dimensional boundary layers

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Surface Shear ◽  
Flow Reynolds Number ◽  
Two Dimensional Flow ◽  
Dimensional Boundary ◽  
Small Periodic

Large spanwise variations of boundary-layer thickness and surface shear have been found recently in wind tunnels designed to maintain two-dimensional flow. Bradshaw (1965) argues that these variations are caused by minute deflexions in the free-stream flow rather than by any intrinsic instability of the boundary layers. This paper is a study of the effect of a small, periodic transverse flow on a flat-plate boundary layer. The perturbation flow Reynolds number is assumed to be O(1) as it is in the experiments.

Resistance of an Inclined Plate Placed on a Plane Boundary in Two-Dimensional Flow

1970 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Ranga Raju ◽  
R. J. Garde
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Turbulent Boundary Layer ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Plane Boundary ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Inclined Plate ◽  
Two Dimensional Flow

This paper describes the results of an experimental study on the drag coefficient of a two-dimensional sharp-edged plate placed on a plane boundary at different inclinations to the flow. Experimental data were collected to investigate the effects of (i) inclination of the plate to the flow, (ii) the relative submergence of the plate in a turbulent boundary layer, and (iii) the proximity of the tunnel walls to the plate, on the drag coefficient of the plate. Relations have been developed to enable correction for “blockage effect” and also to evaluate the effects of inclination of the plate and the presence of the boundary layer on the drag coefficient of the plate. Data collected by other investigators in wind tunnels of various dimensions have also been used in the development of the foregoing relations.

The Departure from Equilibrium of Turbulent Boundary Layers

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Turbulent Boundary Layers ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Momentum Integral ◽  
State Examination

SummaryRecently two authors, Nash and Goldberg, have suggested, intuitively, that the rate at which the shear stress distribution in an incompressible, two-dimensional, turbulent boundary layer would return to its equilibrium value is directly proportional to the extent of the departure from the equilibrium state. Examination of the behaviour of the integral properties of the boundary layer supports this hypothesis. In the present paper a relationship similar to the suggestion of Nash and Goldberg is derived from the local balance of the kinetic energy of the turbulence. Coupling this simple derived relationship to the boundary layer momentum and moment-of-momentum integral equations results in quite accurate predictions of the behaviour of non-equilibrium turbulent boundary layers in arbitrary adverse (given) pressure distributions.

Acoustic receptivity and evolution of two-dimensional and oblique disturbances in a Blasius boundary layer

2001 ◽  
Vol 432 ◽  
pp. 69-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUDOLPH A. KING ◽  
KENNETH S. BREUER
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Surface Waviness ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Boundary Layer Instability ◽  
Blasius Boundary Layer ◽  
Tollmien Schlichting

An experimental investigation was conducted to examine acoustic receptivity and subsequent boundary-layer instability evolution for a Blasius boundary layer formed on a flat plate in the presence of two-dimensional and oblique (three-dimensional) surface waviness. The effect of the non-localized surface roughness geometry and acoustic wave amplitude on the receptivity process was explored. The surface roughness had a well-defined wavenumber spectrum with fundamental wavenumber kw. A planar downstream-travelling acoustic wave was created to temporally excite the flow near the resonance frequency of an unstable eigenmode corresponding to kts = kw. The range of acoustic forcing levels, ε, and roughness heights, Δh, examined resulted in a linear dependence of receptivity coefficients; however, the larger values of the forcing combination εΔh resulted in subsequent nonlinear development of the Tollmien–Schlichting (T–S) wave. This study provides the first experimental evidence of a marked increase in the receptivity coefficient with increasing obliqueness of the surface waviness in excellent agreement with theory. Detuning of the two-dimensional and oblique disturbances was investigated by varying the streamwise wall-roughness wavenumber αw and measuring the T–S response. For the configuration where laminar-to-turbulent breakdown occurred, the breakdown process was found to be dominated by energy at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies, indicative of K-type breakdown.

Direct simulation of transition in an oscillatory boundary layer

1998 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 207-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. VITTORI ◽  
R. VERZICCO
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Turbulent Regime ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Temporal Development ◽  
Direct Simulation ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Oscillatory Boundary Layer

Numerical simulations of Navier–Stokes equations are performed to study the flow originated by an oscillating pressure gradient close to a wall characterized by small imperfections. The scenario of transition from the laminar to the turbulent regime is investigated and the results are interpreted in the light of existing analytical theories. The ‘disturbed-laminar’ and the ‘intermittently turbulent’ regimes detected experimentally are reproduced by the present simulations. Moreover it is found that imperfections of the wall are of fundamental importance in causing the growth of two-dimensional disturbances which in turn trigger turbulence in the Stokes boundary layer. Finally, in the intermittently turbulent regime, a description is given of the temporal development of turbulence characteristics.

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