scholarly journals Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Female Heads of Household Residing in a Marginal Population in Lima

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 995-999
Author(s):  
Rosa Perez-Siguas ◽  
Anne Tenorio-Casaperalta ◽  
Lucy Quispe-Mamani ◽  
Luis Paredes-Echeverria ◽  
Hernan Matta-Solis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Population ◽  
Heads Of Household

The Social Meaning of Food Consumption Behaviors in Rural Brazil: Agreement and Intracultural Variation

Field Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1525822X2199216
Author(s):  
Lesley Jo Weaver ◽  
Nicole Henderson ◽  
Craig Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Cultural Consensus ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Food insecurity (FI) is often assessed through experienced-based measures, which address the number and extent of coping strategies people employ. Coping indices are limited because, methodologically, they presuppose that people engage coping strategies uniformly. Ethnographic work suggests that subgroups experience FI quite differently, meaning that coping strategies might also vary within a population. Thus, whether people actually agree on FI coping behaviors is an open question. This article describes methods used to test whether there was a culturally agreed on set of coping behaviors around FI in rural Brazilian majority-female heads of household, and to detect patterned subgroup variation in that agreement. We used cultural consensus and residual agreement analyses on freelist and rating exercise data. This process could be applied as a first step in developing experience-based measures of FI sensitive to intragroup variation, or to identify key variables to guide qualitative analyses.

scholarly journals Identifying the causal effect of child marriage on unmet needs for modern contraception and unintended pregnancy in Nepal: a cross-sectional study using propensity score matching

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e043532
Author(s):  
Kazutaka Sekine ◽  
Rogie Royce Carandang ◽  
Ken Ing Cherng Ong ◽  
Anand Tamang ◽  
Masamine Jimba
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marginal Population ◽  
Modern Contraception

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate whether child marriage had causal effects on unmet needs for modern contraception, and unintended pregnancy, by estimating the marginal (population-averaged) treatment effect of child marriage.DesignThis study used secondary data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Applying one-to-one nearest-neighbour matching with replacement within a calliper range of ±0.01, 15–49 years old women married before the age of 18 were matched with similar women who were married at 18 or above to reduce selection bias.SettingNationally representative population survey data.ParticipantsThe sample consisted of 7833 women aged 15–49 years who were married for more than 5 years.Outcome measuresUnmet needs for modern contraception and unintended pregnancy.ResultsThe matching method achieved adequate overlap in the propensity score distributions and balance in measured covariates between treatment and control groups with the same propensity score. Propensity score matching analysis showed that the risk of unmet needs for modern contraception, and unintended pregnancy among women married as children were a 14.3 percentage point (95 % CI 10.3 to 18.2) and a 10.1 percentage point (95 % CI 3.7 to 16.4) higher, respectively, than among women married as adults. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the estimated effects were robust to unmeasured covariates.ConclusionsChild marriage appears to increase the risk of unmet needs for modern contraception and unintended pregnancy. These findings call for social development and public health programmes that promote delayed entry into marriage and childbearing to improve reproductive health and rights.

In the Name ofAdat: Regional Perspectives on Reform, Tradition, and Democracy in Indonesia

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID HENLEY ◽  
JAMIE S. DAVIDSON
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
New Order ◽  
Political Imagination ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Marginal Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fourth Root ◽  
Reform Tradition

AbstractThis article examines the revival ofadat(custom) in post-Suharto Indonesia, a movement which few Indonesia-watchers predicted. Four general reasons for the rise ofadatrevivalism are identified. The first is the support, both ideological and concrete, of international organizations and networks committed to the rights of indigenous peoples. The second is the uncertainty, together with the opportunities, attendant on the processes of democratization and decentralization which followed the end of Suharto's authoritarian rule. The third is the oppression of marginal population groups under the New Order. The fourth root is historical, having to do with the positive role whichadathas played in the country's political imagination since the beginning of Indonesian nationalism.Adatas a political cause involves a set of loosely related ideals which, rightly or wrongly, are associated with the past: authenticity, community, order, and justice. These ideals have been invoked in varying proportions to pursue a wide variety of political ends, including the control of resources and the exclusion of rivals as well as the protection, empowerment, and mobilization of underprivileged groups.

scholarly journals Ausencia de capital social y vulnerabilidad de mujeres jefas de hogar

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Carolina Pinzón Estrada ◽  
María Victoria Aponte Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Feminization Of Poverty ◽  
The Social ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
El Alto ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Female Headed Households

 Resumen: Este trabajo presenta un análisis de laausencia de capital social de las mujeres cabeza dehogar del barrio Arabia, de la localidad 19 de CiudadBolívar en Bogotá. La descripción está basada en datostomados por medio de encuestas, entrevistas y visitas ala comunidad, que permitieron evidenciar muchos delos problemas por los cuales pasan cada una de estasmadres cabeza de hogar, como la pobreza, la falta deacceso a la educación, tanto para ellas como para sushijos e hijas, el alto índice de desempleo. Como factoradicional que aumenta su vulnerabilidad, encontramosuna situación de desconfi anza en el entorno y debilidaddel tejido social que les hace imposible emprenderacciones para solucionar problemas comunitarios.Palabras claves: Feminización de la pobreza, capitalsocial, mujeres cabeza de hogar.Absence of Social Capital and Vulnerability forWomen Heads of the HouseholdAbstract: This work offers an analysis of the absenceof social capital of women heads of household in theArabia neighborhood, locality 19 Ciudad Bolivar inBogotá. The description is based on data collected insurveys, interviews and visits to the community, showingmany problems faced by each of these women heads ofhouseholds, such as poverty, lack of access to educationboth for themselves and for their children, the high rateof unemployment. As an additional factor increasing theirvulnerability, we fi nd their mistrust of their environmentand weakness of the social tissue that prevents them fromundertaking actions to solve their community’s problems.Keywords: Feminization of poverty, social capital,female – headed households.

scholarly journals Characterizing multidimensional poverty in Migori County, Kenya and its association with depression

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259848
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Starnes ◽  
Chiara Di Gravio ◽  
Rebecca Irlmeier ◽  
Ryan Moore ◽  
Vincent Okoth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Multidimensional Indices ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Rural Kenya

Introduction Narrow, unidimensional measures of poverty often fail to measure true poverty and inadequately capture its drivers. Multidimensional indices of poverty more accurately capture the diversity of poverty. There is little research regarding the association between multidimensional poverty and depression. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered in five sub-locations in Migori County, Kenya. A total of 4,765 heads of household were surveyed. Multidimensional poverty indices were used to determine the association of poverty with depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) depression screening tool. Results Across the geographic areas surveyed, the overall prevalence of household poverty (deprivation headcount) was 19.4%, ranging from a low of 13.6% in Central Kamagambo to a high of 24.6% in North Kamagambo. Overall multidimensional poverty index varied from 0.053 in Central Kamagambo to 0.098 in North Kamagambo. Of the 3,939 participants with depression data available, 481 (12.2%) met the criteria for depression based on a PHQ-8 depression score ≥10. Poverty showed a dose-response association with depression. Conclusions Multidimensional poverty indices can be used to accurately capture poverty in rural Kenya and to characterize differences in poverty across areas. There is a clear association between multidimensional poverty and depressive symptoms, including a dose effect with increasing poverty intensity. This supports the importance of multifaceted poverty policies and interventions to improve wellbeing and reduce depression.

scholarly journals Social Housing for Women Heads of Household in Congo Brazzaville

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (08) ◽  
pp. 383-396
Author(s):  
Ndongo Alain Symphorien ◽  
Bachynskaya Lyudmila Georgievna
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
Congo Brazzaville

scholarly journals Gender Incidence in the Salary of Informal Workers for the Management of Socioeconomic Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Melendres Medina ◽  
M. Campaña Lara ◽  
B. Riera Riera ◽  
J. Orozco Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Women's Wages ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Traditional Patterns

This research examined the problems experienced by women who work in the informal sector of the city of Riobamba due to receiving poor and lower incomes than men. The main objective was to analyze the influence that gender has on wages of women in this sector, to establish strategies that can promote more equitable development. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used using inductive and deductive methods. Data were collected through a survey and analyzed using the Chi square test. The results showed that women's wages were dependent on their gender, conditioned by a sociocultural environment that has not evolved, especially in the informal sectors made up mostly of rural population. Also, the presence of child labor was evident, and wages could not cover the basic needs of women who identified as heads of household with family responsibilities of between three to five people. The strategy identified to promote equity in the recognition and value of fair work without distinction of gender was based on the following elements: the implementation of inclusion policies and control, training of young women in non-traditional trades, promotion of changes in traditional patterns in households, and policies to combat poverty with a gender focus for sustainable social development. Keywords: gender, equity, salary, strategies, socioeconomic, management. Resumen La investigación plantea la problemática que viven las mujeres que trabajan en el sector informal de la ciudad de Riobamba debido a su condición de género para percibir ingresos deficientes e inferiores a los hombres, el objetivo principal es analizar la incidencia que tiene el género en el salario de las mujeres de este sector para el establecimiento de estrategias que promuevan un desarrollo más equitativo. La metodología investigativa considera estudios analíticos, correlacionales, exploratorios, de campo, un enfoque cuali- cuantitativo, con métodos inductivos y deductivos, usando técnicas como la encuesta, considerado la relación de dependencia a través del Chi cuadrado para la comprobación de la hipótesis, como resultados principales se puede encontrar que la incidencia del género en los salarios de las mujeres es dependiente, condicionado por un ambiente sociocultural que no ha evolucionado sobre todo en los sectores informales conformados en su mayoría por población rural, se evidencia la presencia del trabajo infantil y salarios que no pueden cubrir las necesidades básicas de mujeres que se identifican como jefes de hogar con cargas familiares de entre 3 a 5 personas, se plantea como solución la estrategia para promover la equidad en el reconocimiento y puesta en valor del trabajo equitativo sin distinción de género basada en 5 elementos: la implementación de políticas de inclusión y control, la capacitación de las jóvenes en oficios no tradicionales, promoción de cambios de patrones tradicionales en los hogares, políticas de combate a la pobreza con enfoque de género para un desarrollo social sustentable. Palabras clave: género, equidad, salario, estrategias, socioeconómicas, gestión.

scholarly journals Mediators of Food Insecurity and Obesity in Female Heads-of-Household with Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Emily Havrilla
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Background: The prevalence of obesity is a significant issue in the United States. Among vulnerable populations, obesity exists in the presence of household food insecurity; however the mechanisms of the relationship are not well understood. General perceived stress and general self-efficacy were evaluated as mediators of the relationship between food insecurity and obesity in female heads-of-household with children. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design with mediation model testing was used. Subjects (N = 86) were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Core Food Security Module (CFSM), the General Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (SES). Body mass index and waist –to-hip circumference were calculated from measured data. Results: Significant relationships were found between food insecurity and general perceived stress, general perceived stress and obesity, and general self-efficacy and obesity. Mediation models’ testing was not completed due the lack of a significant correlation between food insecurity and obesity. Post hoc analysis was completed using bootstrapping and a revised mediation model process. Conclusion: General perceived stress and general self-efficacy are associated with obesity in female heads-of-household with children who are food insecure. Keywords: Food insecurity, Obesity, Stress, Self-efficacy, Vulnerable populations, Quantitative research, Socioeconomic factors

Capital in Self

Men Is Cheap ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 78-111
Author(s):  
Brian P. Luskey
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Material Forces ◽  
Consumer Capitalism ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
Union Soldiers

Soldier recruitment, experienced and understood through the prism of consumer capitalism and narratives about fraud, forced northern families to create new circulations of credit and capital that connected army camps and distant homes. Some soldiers sought to build on this source of credit to speculate for more individual and family income. Others’ struggles with accumulating credit and capital led them to speak of their desire for black laborers as a means to increase their personal autonomy as employers and heads of household. Union soldiers could not take advantage of the “chattel principle,” which served as the foundation for human commodification in southern slavery. In the context of their other speculations about credit and wages, soldiers believed that becoming an employer meant earning economic and cultural capital and the independence it conferred. To many Union soldiers, personal autonomy could only be earned—and validated by peers—through the control of workers’ labor. American men arrived at recruiting offices driven by a variety of ideological and material forces. Their decisions to enlist and the government’s efforts to recruit them cannot be understood apart from the culture of capitalism from which northerners hailed and the flows of capital that the war would produce.

Determinants of Self-Employment Entry

2020 ◽  
pp. 834-861
Author(s):  
Nadia Simoes ◽  
Sandrina B. Moreira ◽  
Nuno Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Individual Data ◽  
Binary Logit Model ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Level Statistics ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Low Educated

Self-employment is increasingly an attractive labor market option worldwide. In a European context, Portugal is well-known for displaying one of the highest rates of self-employment. This study explores the main determinants of the probability to enter into self-employment in Portugal. We present results from a binary logit model using individual data drawn from national-level statistics. Our findings suggest that individuals older than 35, males, married, low educated, individuals with previous experience, and heads of household are expected to enter self-employment. The empirical study also reveals important differences regarding households' compositions and dimensions, current and former unemployment levels, and at a regional level in Portuguese NUTS II.

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