scholarly journals Circadian biorhythms of indicators of the cardio-respiratory system in children with bronchial asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Issue 4) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Orozali Uzakov ◽  
Vladimir Alekseyev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Circadian Biorhythms

The paper presents the results of variability of indicators of the cardio-respiratory system in 24 children with bronchial asthma. Circadian recurrence of changes in bronchial obstruction, lung capacity, heart rate, beat and per-minute volume indicators have been established, which are necessary for the individualization of pharmacotherapy of bronchial asthma.

Comparative studies of the functioning of the respiratory system in children in conditions of health institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Alena Anatolievna Antonova ◽  
Galina Aleksandrovna Yamanova
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Child Population ◽  
Respiratory Minute Volume ◽  
Student’S T

Summer health camp is a seasonal preventive institution for recreation, preservation and strengthening of the health of children and adolescents, which allows you to cover a large contingent of the child population with health-improving activities. The article presents the dynamics of the functional indicators of the respiratory system in children and adolescents who were in a summer health camp. On the basis of the children’s health camp «Young railroad worker» and the camp on the basis of a secondary educational school, research was carried out, in which children aged 7–10 years took part. Respiratory function was measured using a spirometer. The data obtained were analyzed using generally accepted methods of mathematical statistics. To identify the level of significance of differences, we used Student’s t-test.In children with round-the-clock stay in the camp, there is a statistically significant increase in Lung Capacity by 101.97 ml and a daytime stay — by 80.55 ml. At the end of the shift, summer health-improving recreation led to an increase in the indicators of the Respiratory Minute Volume (at the time of arrival, the Respiratory Minute Volume indicator in children 7–10 years old was 3,71 ± 1,03 l/min, and at the end 4,31 ± 1,88 l/min with round-the-clock stay; 3,65 ± 1,04 l/min and 4,1 ± 1,54 l/min with a daytime stay) due to an increase in Tidal Volume, which indicates a favorable respiratory response.The results of the functional study revealed an increase in the reserve capacity of the respiratory organs, which indicates the positive effect of the camp on the child’s body.The results obtained in the study of the functional state of respiration will make it possible to determine the directions and forms of organization of medical care in order to prevent deviations in the state of health. These results can serve as a basis for further in-depth research in summer camps of various types and the development of control measures and means of strengthening and maintaining the health of children. Thus, summer health camps are an effective measure of recreation and preservation, strengthening the health of the child population.

Abdominal distension alters regional pleural pressures and chest wall mechanics in pigs in vivo

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2611-2618 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mutoh ◽  
W. J. Lamm ◽  
L. J. Embree ◽  
J. Hildebrandt ◽  
R. K. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Lung Expansion ◽  
Residual Capacity

Abdominal distension (AD) occurs in pregnancy and is also commonly seen in patients with ascites from various causes. Because the abdomen forms part of the "chest wall," the purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of AD on ventilatory mechanics. Airway pressure, four (vertical) regional pleural pressures, and abdominal pressure were measured in five anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated upright pigs. The effects of AD on the lung and chest wall were studied by inflating a liquid-filled balloon placed in the abdominal cavity. Respiratory system, chest wall, and lung pressure-volume (PV) relationships were measured on deflation from total lung capacity to residual volume, as well as in the tidal breathing range, before and 15 min after abdominal pressure was raised. Increasing abdominal pressure from 3 to 15 cmH2O decreased total lung capacity and functional residual capacity by approximately 40% and shifted the respiratory system and chest wall PV curves downward and to the right. Much smaller downward shifts in lung deflation curves were seen, with no change in the transdiaphragmatic PV relationship. All regional pleural pressures increased (became less negative) and, in the dependent region, approached 0 cmH2O at functional residual capacity. Tidal compliances of the respiratory system, chest wall, and lung were decreased 43, 42, and 48%, respectively. AD markedly alters respiratory system mechanics primarily by "stiffening" the diaphragm/abdomen part of the chest wall and secondarily by restricting lung expansion, thus shifting the lung PV curve as seen after chest strapping. The less negative pleural pressures in the dependent lung regions suggest that nonuniformities of ventilation could also be accentuated and gas exchange impaired by AD.

Respiratory mechanics in the anesthetized rat

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. Lai ◽  
J. Hildebrandt
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Esophageal Pressure ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Wall Compliance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Body Plethysmograph

Functional residual capacity (FRC) and pressure-volume (PV) curves of the lung, chest wall, and total respiratory system were studied in 15 anesthetized rats, weighing 307 +/- 10 (SE) g. Pleural pressure was estimated from the esophageal pressure measured with a water-filled catheter. The FRC determined by body plethysmograph was slightly and significantly larger than FRC determined from saline displacement of excised lungs. The difference may be accounted for by O2 uptake by lung tissue, escape of CO2 through the pleura, and abdominal gas. Paralysis in the prone position did not affect FRC, and abdominal gas content contributed only slightly to the FRC measured by body plethysmograph. Values of various pulmonary parameters (mean +/- SE) were as follows: residual volume, 1.26 +/- 0.13 ml; FRC, 2.51 +/- 0.20 ml; total lung capacity, 12.23 +/- 0.55 ml; compliance of the lung, 0.90 +/- 0.06 ml/cmH2O; chest wall compliance, 1.50 +/- 0.11 ml/cmH2O; and respiratory system compliance, 0.57 +/- 0.03 ml/cmH2O. The lung PV curve did not show a consistent change after the chest was opened.

scholarly journals Cause-and-effect relationships between air pollution and health conditions in population

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
I. I. Berezin ◽  
Yu. Yu. Eliseev ◽  
A. K. Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The Impact

Objectives to reveal cause-and-effect relationships in the system "air pollution morbidity of the population" in a large industrial city. Material and methods.The dynamics of the pollutants concentration, such as formaldehyde and benzopyrene, through the period of 20152017 was analyzed in relation to the indicators of the morbidity of the respiratory system in the population of Samara. In particular, the study focused on the ratio of allergic rhinitis and asthma cases and the concentration of the formaldehyde and benzopyrene. Results.The incidence of respiratory diseases and the general morbidity increased both among children (by 46.7%) and adults (by 11.4%). There was the causal correlation between the effect of benzopyrene on the development of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in children(r = 0.57 and r = 0.76) and in adults (r = 0.45 and r = 0.51) in Samara. The significant differences between the level of the pollutants and the frequency of the respiratory system diseases were registered in children and adults in different areas of Samara. Discussion.As a result of the increase of the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of formaldehyde in atmospheric air, this pollutant has now ceased to be a priority. The revealed negative correlations point to the absence of an adverse effect of formaldehyde on the development of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in both children and adults in Samara. Conclusion.According to the results of the study, the preventive measures aimed at reducing the impact of main air pollutants on the health of children and adults in Samara were suggested. Their implementation is possible by the immediate informing of the executive authorities to ensure they can make timely management decisions to improve the quality of the environment.

scholarly journals Effects of the Airway Obstruction on the Skin Microcirculation in Patients with Bronchial Asthma

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Tikhonova ◽  
N. I. Kosyakova ◽  
A. V. Tankanag ◽  
N. K. Chemeris
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Parameters

Background: Pulmonary hemodynamic disorders depend on the inflammatory phases and severity of the obstructive syndrome. However, the effect of asthma bronchial obstruction on the state of peripheral hemodynamics remains insufficiently known. Aims: To study the effects of airway obstruction on skin blood flow parameters and its regulatory systems in patients with persistent atopic bronchial asthma in the remission state.Materials and methods: A comparative study of the skin peripheral blood flow in patients with bronchial asthma with severe airway obstruction (1st group) and without obstruction (2nd group) was conducted. 20 patients with confirmed diagnosis of atopic asthma of 50–74 years old participated in the study. All patients received basic therapy in a constant dosing of high doses of inhaled glucocorticosteroids/long-acting beta-2-agonists. The control group included 20 healthy volunteers without evidence of bronchial obstruction. The study lasted for 3 months. The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was used to evaluate the bronchial obstruction by spirometry technique. Skin blood perfusion changes were recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry at rest and in response to short-term local ischemia. Registered peripheral blood flow signals were examined using the amplitude temporal filtering in five frequency intervals to identify the functional features of the peripheral blood flow regulation systems. Results: Consistent two-fold decrease of the oscillation amplitudes was found in the neurogenic interval at rest (p=0.031), as well as in the myogenic (p=0.043; p=0.031) and endothelial intervals (p=0.037; p≤0.001) both at rest and during the postocclusive reactive hyperemia respectively in the 1st group of patients with bronchial obstruction (FEV1 80%) compared with the control group. No significant changes were revealed for skin blood flow parameters in the 2nd patient group (without obstruction, FEV1 80%) in comparison to control subjects.Conclusions: The presence of bronchial obstruction has a significant impact on the changes of the amplitudes of skin blood flow oscillations in patients with bronchial asthma in the myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial intervals.

scholarly journals Therapy of bronchial asthma in children: age-related aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Geppe ◽  
Elena G. Kondiurina ◽  
Vera A. Reviakina ◽  
Aleksandr B. Malakhov ◽  
Natalia G. Kolosova
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
Global Initiative ◽  
Effective Drugs

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a disease that is one of the most frequent chronic diseases of childhood. Characteristic clinical symptoms of BA are wheezing, cough, difficulty in breathing, shortness of breath and, of course, recurrent episodes of bronchial obstruction. They require mandatory clarification of family and individual allergoanamnesis, assessment of symptoms, differential diagnosis with other diseases that may occur with BA. The Global Initiative for the Treatment and Prevention of Bronchial Asthma (GINA 20202021) preserves and develops the ageappropriate approach to verification of diagnosis and therapy selection, which is supported in the Russian National Program "Bronchial Asthma in Children" and in the Russian clinical guidelines "Bronchial Asthma 2021 When the diagnosis of BA is made, therapy should be started as early as possible. Administration of low-dose inhaled glucocorticosteroids (IGCS) immediately after the diagnosis allows not only to control the inflammatory process, which is the basis of BA, but also to reduce the severity of exacerbations. IGCS are the most effective drugs for children of any age, they ensure control of the disease and reduce the risk of AD exacerbations.

The Role of the Aortic Body Chemoreceptors in the Cardiac and Respiratory Responses to Acute Hypoxia in the Anesthetized Dog

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Biro ◽  
J. D. Hatcher ◽  
D. B. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Cardiac Responses ◽  
Respiratory Parameters

The participation of the aortic chemoreceptors in the reflex cardiac responses to acute hypoxia is suggested only by the indirect evidence of pharmacological stimulation of these receptors. In order to assess their role more directly, the response to a 15 min period of hypoxia was determined after surgical denervation of the aortic chemoreceptors (A.D.), and compared with the response of sham-operated (S.O.) dogs, anesthetized with morphine–pentobarbital. In the control period, while breathing room air, the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters measured in the A.D. animals were not different from those of the S.O. dogs. Hypoxia (partial pressure of oxygen approximately 30 mm Hg) in the S.O. dogs was associated with a statistically significant rise in the heart rate (+71 ± 7 min−1, mean ± S.E.M.) and of the cardiac output (+25 ± 10 ml kg−1 min−1). In the A.D. animals, the significantly smaller increment in heart rate (+29 ± 6 min−1) was associated with a fall of the cardiac output (−16 ± 12 ml kg−1 min−1). The hypoxia-induced changes in heart rate and cardiac output in the S.O. animals were different (p < 0.05) from those in the A.D. group. The minute volume of ventilation was significantly augmented in both groups, and to a comparable extent. These findings indicate that the aortic chemoreceptors play a significant role in the cardiac response to hypoxia, but they do not affect, to a significant extent, the respiratory response.

On Respiration in the Dragonet Callionymus Lyra L

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-582
Author(s):  
G. M. HUGHES ◽  
SHUN-ICHI UMEZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Respiratory Rhythms ◽  
Normal Ventilation

1. The usefulness of a bottom-living fish, the dragonet (Callionymus lyra), in experiments on fish respiration is described. The position and nature of its opercular opening made it possible to determine directly the volume of water pumped over the gills and the PO2 of the mixed expired water. The normal ventilation volume for a 100 g. fish was about 30 c.c./min. 2. The relationship between cardiac and respiratory rhythms was investigated and showed a variety of ratios. The heart usually beats more than once during each respiratory cycle. Individual variations in the coupling between these rhythms was common and close couplings were observed in the absence of anaesthetic and at normal PO2s. 3. Changes in minute volume produced by altering the hydrostatic pressure across the respiratory system did not affect the heart rate. Percentage utilization fell at higher flow rates. Changes in flow per cm. of water pressure gradient was less with negative gradients than when the static pressure on the mouth side exceeded that in the opercular collecting chamber. 4. Oxygen consumption of the fish is directly related to the ambient PO2 over a wide range (30-120 mm. Hg). Sudden lowering of the PO2 in the inspired water leads to compensatory responses in which the minute volume is maintained or increased as a result of a rise in stroke volume and lowered respiratory frequency: there is also a marked bradycardia. During recovery the increased oxygen consumption of the fish resulted from a rise in utilization rather than a change in the respiratory rate or ventilation volume. 5. Analysis of the time course of the changes in heart rate and ventilation volume in experiments in which PO2 was changed supports the view that the receptors mediating bradycardia occur on the gills and respond directly to the change in PO2 rather than to the secondary increase in flow produced by the hypoxia.

Anesthesia alters the pattern of aerosol retention in hamsters

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Sweeney ◽  
J. D. Brain ◽  
S. LeMott
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Syrian Golden Hamsters ◽  
Evenness Index

General anesthesia was used to produce nonventilated areas of the lung, and aerosol inhalation was used to locate these areas, assuming that no aerosol deposits in a nonventilated region. Male Syrian golden hamsters were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (90 mg/kg), which reduced respiratory frequency, tidal volume, minute volume, and O2 consumption to 61, 41, 24, and 36%, respectively, of the corresponding awake levels. Awake and anesthetized hamsters were exposed to the aerosol for 30 min; then the lungs were excised, dried at total lung capacity, sliced into sections, and dissected into pieces. Autoradiographs were made of slices, and the activity and weight of pieces were determined. The evenness index (EI), a measure of the uniformity of retention, was calculated for each piece. With complete uniformity of retention, all EI's would be 1.0. In awake animals, only 0.2% (by wt) of the lungs had little or no retention (EI's less than 0.20). More particles deposited in the apex than in the base of the lungs. General anesthesia for extended periods of time with no deep breaths alters ventilation and therefore the distribution of aerosol retention. Many regions of the lungs in the anesthetized animals received few or no particles (11.6% of lungs had EI less than 0.20); however, no consistent pattern was observed in the location of these areas from animal to animal. The apex-to-base gradient for retention in these animals was also reversed. Radioactive aerosols can be used as probes to indicate the extent and distribution of nonventilated areas in the lungs.

Hemodynamic response of normal men to graded treadmill exercise

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton S. Tabakin ◽  
John S. Hanson ◽  
Thornton W. Merriam ◽  
Edgar J. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Elimination ◽  
Oxygen Utilization

The physiologic variables defining the circulatory and respiratory state in normal man have been measured in recumbency, standing at rest and during progressively severe grades of exercise approaching near-maximal levels. Indicator-dilution technique was used for determination of cardiac output with simultaneous radio-electrocardiographic recordings of heart rate. Direct intra-arterial pressure measurements were utilized for calculation of peripheral vascular resistance. Minute volume of ventilation, oxygen utilization, and carbon dioxide elimination were obtained from analysis of expired air collected at the time of each cardiac output determination. A peak mean workload of 1,501 kg-m/min was realized during the treadmill exercise. Increases in cardiac output over the range of exercise employed correlated well with indices of workload such as heart rate, oxygen utilization, and minute volume of ventilation. There was no correlation of stroke volume with these indices. It is concluded from examination of individual stroke-volume responses that a progressive increase in stroke volume is not a necessary or constant phenomenon in adapting to increasing workload. cardiac output in treadmill exercise; dye-dilution cardiac output determinations; arterial pressure during upright exercise; stroke-volume response to graded treadmill exercise; exercise response of cardiac output and stroke volume; peripheral vascular resistance response to position and exercise; treadmill exercise—effects on cardiac output, stroke volume, and oxygen uptake; minute ventilation, cardiac output, and stroke volume during exercise; carbon dioxide elimination during treadmill exercise; heart rate and cardiac output during treadmill exercise; exercise; physiology Submitted on July 12, 1963

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