scholarly journals Equivalence of Semantics in Argumentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Amgoud ◽  
Vivien Beuselinck
Keyword(s):  
Fibonacci Numbers ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weak Equivalence ◽  
Exponential Series ◽  
Grounded Semantics

A large number of evaluation methods, called semantics, have been proposed in the literature for assessing strength of arguments. This paper investigates their equivalence. It argues that for being equivalent, two semantics should have compatible evaluations of both individual arguments and pairs of arguments. The first requirement ensures that the two semantics judge an argument in the same way, while the second states that they provide the same ranking of arguments. We show that the two requirements are completely independent. The paper introduces three novel relations between semantics based on their rankings of arguments: weak equivalence, strong equivalence and refinement. They state respectively that two semantics do not disagree on their strict rankings; the rankings of the semantics coincide; one semantics agrees with the strict comparisons of the second and it may break some of its ties. We investigate the properties of the three relations and their links with existing principles of semantics, and study the nature of relations between most of the existing semantics. The results show that the main extensions semantics are pairwise weakly equivalent. The gradual semantics we considered are pairwise incompatible, however some pairs are strongly equivalent in case of flat graphs including Max-based (Mbs) and Euler-based (Ebs), for which we provide full characterizations in terms respectively of Fibonacci numbers and the numbers of an exponential series. Furthermore, we show that both semantics (Mbs, EMbs) refine the grounded semantics, and are weakly equivalent with the other extension semantics. We show also that in case of flat graphs, the two gradual semantics Trust-based and Iterative Schema characterize the grounded semantics, making thus bridges between gradual semantics and extension semantics. Finally, the other gradual semantics are incompatible with extension semantics.

scholarly journals Evaluating the benefits of joint-use libraries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Formative Evaluation ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Collaborative Advantage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Important Benefit

The project seeks ideas for evaluating joint-use libraries; here, libraries jointly administered by a public library and a school. ‘Collaborative advantage’ occurs when each partner brings something the other does not have. The evidence suggests that schools think the partnership helps them to provide a library at reduced cost while the public libraries consider it a way to extend their community reach. Do these different aims make it difficult to produce formative evaluation methods? The project discovered, however, that the most important benefit for both parties was better integration between the school and the community.  

scholarly journals Design transformations: teaching design through evaluations

Kybernetes ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 1372-1380
Author(s):  
Ann Morrison ◽  
Hendrik Knoche
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
The One ◽  
High Engagement ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to synchronize two courses to focus on the students working with learning and applying tools in the one course and acting on understandings gained to produce artefacts in the other. Design/methodology/approach – Working with real users throughout all stages of the design process, the authors structured two courses so findings from the evaluation methods learnt in the one course (their analyses) were directly acted on in the other (their re-designs). The authors fostered a group-spirited learning environment where students presented designs-in-process; explained the findings from focused evaluation methods using tangible representations; identified the relationship from these findings for subsequent re-design rationales; and discussed and critiqued each other's work using multiple feedback, teach-back and discursive strategies. Findings – The authors found that in-depth coverage of material, working with real data and users at all stages of assessment and producing visualizations from evaluations, naturally forced student motivation to act and redesign better solutions. The authors noted improved attendance and students reported high engagement and content appreciation. Research limitations/implications – Ensuring relevance, by adding larger context concerns, expansive critical methods and feedback processes in a cycle of understanding, acting, learning can have useful practical and social implications. This is germane when designing for quality of everyday use in, for example, education, urban environments and mobile applications. Practical implications – The paper includes implications for the development of learning environments where course and semester content is developed in tandem to support integrated learning by acting with project output and teach back “presentations” throughout the course. Originality/value – The paper proposes a unifying tandem approach to learning and applying evaluation tools with real users, teachback and acting to improve redesigns with potential to improve human computer interaction educational standards for learning and design outcomes.

scholarly journals Correlation between prostate-specific antigen and histopathological difference of prostate carcinoma

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Carcinoma ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tumor Differentiation ◽  
Histological Differentiation

BACKGROUND: Adenocarcinoma of prostate (ACP) is one of the most frequent tumors in men older than 50. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most reliable serum marker in the diagnostics and following of prostate carcinoma, and Gleason's system of estimation of tumor differentiation, as well as classical estimation of tumor differentiation from 1 to 3, are generally accepted systems of prostate carcinoma evaluation. METHODS: Forty examined individuals with verified ACP and compared values of PSA and tumor differentiation as well as estimated comparability of these two systems are reported. RESULTS: Highly positive correlation between the values of PSA in serum and the degree of tumor differentiation determined by Gleason's system, as well as the low correlation between PSA and histological differentiation estimated using classical system from 1 to 3 were found. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that Gleason's system for tumor differentiation determination is more superior system of histological grade determination than the other systems.

The Divine Proportion, matrices and Fibonacci numbers

2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (523) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
H. Brian Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Fibonacci Numbers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matrix Approach ◽  
Mathematical Development ◽  
Divine Proportion

A friendly engineer recently sent me a version of Figure 1 below, and asked me to explain the connection between it and the well-known Fibonacci Problem (FP) about calculating a population of rabbits. He knew that Figure 1 was related to the ‘Divine Proportion’ or ‘Golden Ratio’ ϕ ( = ½(√5 - l), which also occurs in the solution to FP, and wondered how such different problems could be related by such a number. (He unfortunately regarded ϕ as 0.618 exactly, thus missing a lot of stuff to arouse curiosity.) I knew of various references that I could recommend, but none covered all the things my engineer mentioned, so I constructed the following mathematical development, leaving the relations with biology and architecture to be explained in the books referenced later, see for example [1]. A matrix approach is used here, and may be new to those readers of the Gazette who may be quite familiar with the other material.

Evaluation of the Optimum Index of Target Analysis for Rural Residential Building Products

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6592-6596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Bo Liu ◽  
Fang Jun Luan ◽  
Shou Jin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Building Products ◽  
Target Analysis

The quality of rural residential building products related to the construction pace of new socialist countryside in China. In order to improve the products quality, the optimum index of target analysis is used here. Analyzed and established the evaluation hierarchical model for the rural residential building products, using the optimum index of target analysis to evaluate the quality of the product, the concrete steps is given with the examples, obtained the quantify the quality of evaluation value. Compared with the other evaluation methods, the evaluation of the optimum index of target analysis has the feature of Intuitive, simple, quantitative, precise, and has greater application value.

Examination of CPT-Based Liquefaction Evaluation Methods for New Zealand Earthquake

2013 ◽  
Vol 477-478 ◽  
pp. 1105-1108
Author(s):  
Tong Zhi Chen ◽  
Xiao Ming Yuan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
In Situ Test ◽  
First Time

On February 22, 2011 a MW6.2 earthquake struck Christchurch in New Zealand, which is the first time that liquefaction acts as the main cause of damage since there is survey record of historical earthquakes. On the basis of field investigation and in-situ test data, domestic and foreign liquefaction evaluation methods based on CPT including Chinese code, Robertson and Olsen methods are examined and their applicability and reliability are assessed. Analysis shows that the method adopted in Chinese code is more dangerous, whose success rates of liquefaction and non-liquefaction evaluation are 70% and 94%.The other two methods abroad are severely conservative, for the success rates of liquefaction and non-liquefaction evaluation of Robertson method are 100% and 40%, and Olsen method 100% and 11% respectively. Liquefaction evaluation methods need further research to be improved.

scholarly journals Geospatial data quality (ISO 19157-1): evolve or perish

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-154
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Ariza López ◽  
Pablo Barreira González ◽  
Joan Masó Pau ◽  
Alaitz Zabala Torres ◽  
Antonio Federico Rodríguez Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Standard ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Given the circumstance that the process for the revision of the international standard ISO 19157 is currently open, this article presents a critical reflection on its content, application and some challenges posed by the new types of data (e.g. big data, BIM data, etc.), that also have a geospatial component and to which, therefore, this international standard can be applied as well. Proposals are put forward going along three lines of improvement, on the one hand the consideration of new data quality elements and on the other, the reinforcement of the interoperability of this international standard with other standards related to data quality, and finally various improvements (e.g. standardization of evaluation methods, clearly introducing the life cycle, improvement of the definition of metaquality, etc.) of the standard, which come from experience.

scholarly journals Using an Entropy-GRA, TOPSIS, and PCA Method to Evaluate the Competitiveness of AFVs – The China Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-666
Author(s):  
Feng Xue ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
Chuanlei He ◽  
Bharat Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Industrial Competitiveness

With the increase in severe environmental problems associated with fossil fuel vehicles, the development of Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) has led to their promotion and use in Chinese provinces and cities. The comprehensive evaluation of competitiveness of the AFV industry in Chinese cities is beneficial to analyse the effects and relationships of different factors to promote the sustainable development of the AFV industry and guide the growth paths of the cities. An industrial competitiveness evaluation index system is established based on the characteristics of AFVs, and the development of the AFV industry in ten typical cities in China is comprehensively evaluated based on the Grey Relative Analysis (GRA) Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods. To evaluate the results, the entropy weighting method is used for the weight distribution, and the industrial competitiveness rankings of ten cities are obtained by the entropy-GRA, TOPSIS, PCA (EGTP) method. The results show that Beijing is ranked first, followed by Shanghai, and Qingdao is ranked last. By analysing the correlation between the evaluation methods and indicators, it is found that EGTP has a high correlation with the other three evaluation methods, which proves the rationality of the weighted linear combination of GRA and the other three methods. Indices C5 (pure electric car proportion) and C13 (average concentration of PM2.5) were outliers due to the small number of samples.

Design on Monitoring and Evaluation Methods for CSCL System

2013 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2213-2216
Author(s):  
Wei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Computer Mediated

The problem of capitalizing on experience of how to track and analyze the learning processes is of particular interest in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) environments, where learning is usually based on the interactions occurring among peers. This paper provides some examples of DPs addressing tracking problems in CSCL environments. Our DPs have been elaborated with a twofold aim to contribute to the field by proposing possible solutions to tracking problems frequently faced in CSCL; on the other hand, by using DPs as a tool for sharing experience, we hope to inform the development of functions that could be integrated in Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) systems in order to support the monitoring, evaluation and assessment of the learning experience and therefore augment its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Weak containment of measure-preserving group actions

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2681-2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER J. BURTON ◽  
ALEXANDER S. KECHRIS
Keyword(s):  
Global Structure ◽  
Equivalence Classes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unitary Representations ◽  
Weak Equivalence ◽  
Interesting Fact ◽  
Weak Containment ◽  
Probability Spaces ◽  
Measure Preserving Actions ◽  
Standard Probability

This paper concerns the study of the global structure of measure-preserving actions of countable groups on standard probability spaces. Weak containment is a hierarchical notion of complexity of such actions, motivated by an analogous concept in the theory of unitary representations. This concept gives rise to an associated notion of equivalence of actions, called weak equivalence, which is much coarser than the notion of isomorphism (conjugacy). It is well understood now that, in general, isomorphism is a very complex notion, a fact which manifests itself, for example, in the lack of any reasonable structure in the space of actions modulo isomorphism. On the other hand, the space of weak equivalence classes is quite well behaved. Another interesting fact that relates to the study of weak containment is that many important parameters associated with actions, such as the type, cost, and combinatorial parameters, turn out to be invariants of weak equivalence and in fact exhibit desirable monotonicity properties with respect to the pre-order of weak containment, a fact that can be useful in certain applications. There has been quite a lot of activity in this area in the last few years, and our goal in this paper is to provide a survey of this work.

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