scholarly journals Characterization of climate and crop productivity using DSSAT for SW Uttarakhand, India

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Tripathi ◽  
G. Pranuthi ◽  
S. Dubey ◽  
G. V. Kumar ◽  
L. Mfwango
Keyword(s):  
Crop Productivity

scholarly journals Identification of an isoflavonoid transporter required for the nodule establishment of the Rhizobium-Fabaceae symbiotic interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Biala-Leonhard ◽  
Laura Zanin ◽  
Stefano Gottardi ◽  
Rita de Brito Francisco ◽  
Silvia Venuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Phosphate Availability ◽  
Rhizobial Symbiosis

Nitrogen (N) as well as Phosphorus (P) are key nutrients determining crop productivity. Legumes have developed strategies to overcome nutrient limitation by e.g., forming a symbiotic relationship with N-fixing rhizobia and the release of P-mobilizing exudates and are thus able to grow without supply of N or P fertilizers. The legume-rhizobial symbiosis starts with root release of isoflavonoids, that act as signaling molecules perceived by compatible bacteria. Subsequently, bacteria release nod factors, which induce signaling cascades allowing the formation of functional N-fixing nodules. We report here the identification and functional characterization of a plasma membrane-localized MATE-type transporter (LaMATE2) involved in the release of genistein from white lupin roots. The LaMATE2 expression in the root is upregulated under N deficiency as well as low phosphate availability, two nutritional deficiencies that induce the release of this isoflavonoid. LaMATE2 silencing reduced genistein efflux and even more the formation of symbiotic nodules, supporting the crucial role of LaMATE2 in isoflavonoid release and nodulation. Furthermore, silencing of LaMATE2 limited the P-solubilization activity of lupin root exudates. Transport assays in yeast vesicles demonstrated that LaMATE2 acts as a proton-driven isoflavonoid transporter.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticle Regulates Salt Tolerance in Wheat Through Changes in ABA Concentration, Ion Homeostasis, and Defense Systems

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1506
Author(s):  
Iram Wahid ◽  
Sarika Kumari ◽  
Rafiq Ahmad ◽  
Sofi J. Hussain ◽  
Saud Alamri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxidative Biomarkers ◽  
Aba Content

Salinity is major abiotic stress affecting crop yield, productivity and reduces the land-usage area for agricultural practices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of green-synthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNP) on physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under salinity stress. Using augmented and high-throughput characterization of synthesized AgNPs, this study investigated the proximity of AgNPs-induced coping effects under stressful cues by measuring the germination efficiency, oxidative-biomarkers, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, proline and nitrogen metabolism, stomatal dynamics, and ABA content. Taken together, the study shows a promising approach in salt tolerance and suggests that mechanisms of inducing the salt tolerance depend on proline metabolism, ions accumulation, and defense mechanisms. This study ascertains the queries regarding the correlation between nanoparticles use and traditional agriculture methodology; also significantly facilitates to reach the goal of sustainable developments for increasing crop productivity via much safer and greener approachability.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Pattern of Vacuolar-Iron Transporter-Like (VTL) Genes in Hexaploid Wheat during Metal Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Sharma ◽  
Gazaldeep Kaur ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Varsha Meena ◽  
Hasthi Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Metal Homeostasis ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Iron Transporter

Iron is one of the important micronutrients that is required for crop productivity and yield-related traits. To address the Fe homeostasis in crop plants, multiple transporters belonging to the category of major facilitator superfamily are being explored. In this direction, earlier vacuolar iron transporters (VITs) have been reported and characterized functionally to address biofortification in cereal crops. In the present study, the identification and characterization of new members of vacuolar iron transporter-like proteins (VTL) was performed in wheat. Phylogenetic distribution demonstrated distinct clustering of the identified VTL genes from the previously known VIT genes. Our analysis identifies multiple VTL genes from hexaploid wheat with the highest number genes localized on chromosome 2. Quantitative expression analysis suggests that most of the VTL genes are induced mostly during the Fe surplus condition, thereby reinforcing their role in metal homeostasis. Interestingly, most of the wheat VTL genes were also significantly up-regulated in a tissue-specific manner under Zn, Mn and Cu deficiency. Although, no significant changes in expression of wheat VTL genes were observed in roots under heavy metals, but TaVTL2, TaVTL3 and TaVTL5 were upregulated in the presence of cobalt stress. Overall, this work deals with the detailed characterization of wheat VTL genes that could provide an important genetic framework for addressing metal homeostasis in bread wheat.

scholarly journals Characterization of soils cultivated with cassava under different managements

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 764-771
Author(s):  
Andrezza G. Costa ◽  
Luciano da S. Souza ◽  
Francisco A. da S. Xavier ◽  
Alide M. W. Cova ◽  
Evellyn F. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Landscape Unit ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT Although cassava is an undemanding crop in terms of soil chemical fertility, the scarcity of nutrients affects crop productivity, and it is common to cultivate it in soils with low natural fertility, as occurs in Coastal Tablelands. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical attributes of soils cultivated with cassava under different managements. The study was carried out in the municipality of São Felipe, located in the landscape unit of Coastal Tablelands, Bahia state, Brazil. Fifteen properties were selected to evaluate the characteristics of soils cultivated with cassava under different types of management. Soil sampling was carried out during the months of October and November 2018, a dry period in the region. The medium-textured soil was predominant in the different areas of management of cassava cultivation. Most areas showed pH below the recommended range for cassava (5.5 to 6.5), base saturation below 50% and low phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents, according to the crop’s nutritional needs. The first two principal components explained 84.65% of the total variance. Thus, it was possible to verify that the diversity of management of cassava production areas results in high or very high variability of soil chemical attributes. The attributes pH, P, Al, H + Al, V, CEC and OM are the most representative in the distinction of soils of the cassava cultivation areas evaluated.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of a novel multi-stress responsive gene in Arabidopsis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244030
Author(s):  
Faiza Tawab ◽  
Iqbal Munir ◽  
Zeeshan Nasim ◽  
Mohammad Sayyar Khan ◽  
Saleha Tawab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Cell Wall Protein ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Gus Assay ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Responsive Gene ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Abiotic stresses especially salinity, drought and high temperature result in considerable reduction of crop productivity. In this study, we identified AT4G18280 annotated as a glycine-rich cell wall protein-like (hereafter refer to as GRPL1) protein as a potential multistress-responsive gene. Analysis of public transcriptome data and GUS assay of pGRPL1::GUS showed a strong induction of GRPL1 under drought, salinity and heat stresses. Transgenic plants overexpressing GRPL1-3HA showed significantly higher germination, root elongation and survival rate under salt stress. Moreover, the 35S::GRPL1-3HA transgenic lines also showed higher survival rates under drought and heat stresses. GRPL1 showed similar expression patterns with Abscisic acid (ABA)-pathway genes under different growth and stress conditions, suggesting a possibility that GRPL1 might act in the ABA pathway that is further supported by the inability of ABA-deficient mutant (aba2-1) to induce GRPL1 under drought stress. Taken together, our data presents GRPL1 as a potential multi-stress responsive gene working downstream of ABA.

scholarly journals Gene expression pattern of vacuolar-iron transporter-like (VTL) genes in hexaploid wheat during metal stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Sharma ◽  
Gazaldeep Kaur ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Varsha Meena ◽  
Hasthi Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Metal Homeostasis ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Cu Deficiency

AbstractIron is one of the important micronutrients that is not just essential for the human body, but also required for crop productivity and yield-related traits. To address the Fe homeostasis in crop plants, multiple transporters belonging to the category of Major facilitator superfamily are being explored. In this direction, Vacuolar iron transporters (VIT) are being reported and have been characterized functionally as an important candidate to address biofortification in cereal crops. In the present study, the identification and characterization of new members of Vacuolar iron transporters-like proteins (VTL) was performed. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated distinct clustering of all the VTL genes from the previously known VIT genes. Our analysis identifies multiple VTL genes from hexaploid wheat with the highest number of this gene family localized on chromosome 2. Quantitative expression analysis suggests that most of the VTL genes are induced only during the Fe surplus condition, thereby reinforcing their role metal homeostasis. Interestingly, most of the wheat VTL genes were significantly up-regulated in a tissue-specific manner under Zn, Mn and Cu deficiency conditions. Although, no significant changes in expression of wheat VTL genes were observed in roots under heavy metals, but TaVTL2, TaVTL3 and TaVTL5 were upregulated in the presence of cobalt stress. Overall, this work deals with the characterization of wheat VTL genes that could provide an important genetic resource for addressing metal homeostasis in bread wheat.

scholarly journals Transcriptional insights into sugarcane aquaporin genes under water deficit conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEVENDRA KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Transcript Analysis ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
New Germplasm

Abstract Water deficit in soil during formative growth stage adversely hinders the crop productivity. Plant develop a key chain of mechanisms to cope these strains. Characterization of genotypes under water deficit will provide the basis for breeding new germplasm for efficient utilization of water and nutrients and adaptation to water stress. To achieve this, two tolerant (Co 98014 and Co 0118) and two sensitive (CoJ 85 and Co 89003) sugarcane genotypes were assessed for antioxidant responses followed by differential expression of three aquaporin genes (ShPIP2-1, ShPIP-5 and ShPIP2-6) under two water deficit conditions. The MDA and H2O2 contents were significantly higher (p<0.05) in sensitive genotypes as compared to tolerant ones, whereas SOD activity was higher (p<0.05) in tolerant than sensitive genotypes. The transcript analysis of AQPs reveals upregulation of ShPIP2;5, whereas down-regulation of ShPIP2;1 and ShPIP2;6 when plants were imposed to water deficit conditions. The findings under study suggested the role of PIP2 AQPs in regulation of plant water status under water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Root angle modifications by theDRO1homolog improve rice yields in saline paddy fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21242-21250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Kitomi ◽  
Eiko Hanzawa ◽  
Noriyuki Kuya ◽  
Haruhiko Inoue ◽  
Naho Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Trait Locus

The root system architecture (RSA) of crops can affect their production, particularly in abiotic stress conditions, such as with drought, waterlogging, and salinity. Salinity is a growing problem worldwide that negatively impacts on crop productivity, and it is believed that yields could be improved if RSAs that enabled plants to avoid saline conditions were identified. Here, we have demonstrated, through the cloning and characterization ofqSOR1(quantitative trait locus for SOIL SURFACE ROOTING 1), that a shallower root growth angle (RGA) could enhance rice yields in saline paddies.qSOR1is negatively regulated by auxin, predominantly expressed in root columella cells, and involved in the gravitropic responses of roots.qSOR1was found to be a homolog ofDRO1(DEEPER ROOTING 1), which is known to control RGA. CRISPR-Cas9 assays revealed that otherDRO1homologs were also involved in RGA. Introgression lines with combinations of gain-of-function and loss-of-function alleles inqSOR1andDRO1demonstrated four different RSAs (ultra-shallow, shallow, intermediate, and deep rooting), suggesting that natural alleles of theDRO1homologs could be utilized to control RSA variations in rice. In saline paddies, near-isogenic lines carrying theqSOR1loss-of-function allele had soil-surface roots (SOR) that enabled rice to avoid the reducing stresses of saline soils, resulting in increased yields compared to the parental cultivars without SOR. Our findings suggest thatDRO1homologs are valuable targets for RSA breeding and could lead to improved rice production in environments characterized by abiotic stress.

scholarly journals Crop disease detection and classification based on hybrid information approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
S. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
D. Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Texture Feature ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Sparse Representation Classifier ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Clustering Approach

The objective of this paper to identify the diseases in the leaves of the all plants. Plant disease diagnosis helps to improve both the quality and quantity of crop productivity. In existing, to detect the diseases they used the spectroscopic techniques. These techniques are very expensive and can only be utilized by trained persons only. This work proposes an approach for the detection of leaf diseases based on the characterization of texture, shape and color properties. The detection of diseases which are detected using ISRC(improved sparse Representation Classifier) technique. First the GENABC clustering approach is applied to the input image to segment the affected area. Then extract the features from the affected area by using feature extraction techniques. In this paper Improved Transform Encoded Local Pattern used to extract the texture feature, Enhanced Gradient Feature (EGF) to extract the shape and Improved Color Histogram Techniques(ICH) are used to extract the color. And then these features are given to the ISRC classifier to get the exact type of disease on affected leaves. To analyze the performance of the proposed method we use four metrics. They are classification accuracy, error rate, precision value and recall value. From the analysis of experimental results, the ISRC method provides the best result than the existing approach.

scholarly journals Transcriptional insights into sugarcane aquaporin genes under water deficit conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEVENDRA KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Transcript Analysis ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
New Germplasm

Abstract Water deficit in soil during formative growth stage adversely hinders the crop productivity. Plant develop a key chain of mechanisms to cope these strains. Characterization of genotypes under water deficit will provide the basis for breeding new germplasm for efficient utilization of water and nutrients and adaptation to water stress. To achieve this, two tolerant (Co 98014 and Co 0118) and two sensitive (CoJ 85 and Co 89003) sugarcane genotypes were assessed for antioxidant response followed by differential expression of three aquaporin genes (ShPIP2-1, ShPIP-5 and ShPIP2-6) under two water deficit conditions. The MDA and H2O2 contents were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in sensitive genotypes as compared to tolerant ones, whereas SOD activity was higher (p < 0.05) in tolerant than sensitive genotypes. The transcript analysis of AQPs reveals upregulation of ShPIP2;5, whereas down-regulation of ShPIP2;1 and ShPIP2;6 when plants were imposed to water deficit conditions. The findings under study suggested the role of PIP2 AQPs in regulation of plant water status under water deficit conditions.

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