scholarly journals Empirical fragility curves for Peruvian school buildings

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muñoz ◽  
M. Blondet ◽  
R. Aguilar ◽  
M.-A. Astorga
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
School Buildings

SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T. Tan ◽  
H. Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Damage State

Peninsular Malaysia is located on the southern edge of the Eurasian Plate. However, it is close to a seismically active plate boundary, the inter-plate boundary between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian Plates. Occasionally, tremors can be felt throughout the region even when active faults are located several hundred kilometers away. Lessons learnt from past events, active earthquakes located far from the existing building can cause potential damage. Thus, fragility curves become an essential tool to estimate probability of building damage caused by seismic ground motions. In this study, the response of low-rise and mid-rise RC school buildings located in various soil conditions within Peninsular Malaysia under earthquake excitation was investigated by performing dynamic response spectrum analysis. These buildings were analysed using DIANA 9.3 structural analysis program and subjected to a range of low to high seismic ground motions to determine the performance damage state of each type of building. All structural elements were modeled using solid brick finite-element. Correspondingly, the fragility curves were developed using the log-normal distribution for structural response. The effects of various soil conditions on the response of the buildings were also investigated. The results indicated that the effect of soil parameters had a significant effect on the outcome of the fragility curves. However, the risk of these existing school buildings at a location in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia showed the highest probability of exceeding each damage state. On the contrary, the risk of the existing school buildings at a location in the central part of Peninsular Malaysia was the lowest. Keywords: Interaction, fragility curves, soil-structure

scholarly journals From rapid visual survey to multi-hazard risk prioritisation and numerical fragility of school buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1365-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Gentile ◽  
Carmine Galasso ◽  
Yunita Idris ◽  
Ibnu Rusydy ◽  
Ella Meilianda
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Survey Form ◽  
Visual Survey ◽  
Non Linear

Abstract. Regional seismic risk assessment is paramount in earthquake-prone areas, for instance, to define and implement prioritisation schemes for earthquake risk reduction. As part of the Indonesia School Programme to Increase Resilience (INSPIRE), this paper proposes an ad hoc rapid-visual-survey form, allowing one to (1) calculate the newly proposed INSPIRE seismic risk prioritisation index, which is an empirical proxy for the relative seismic risk of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings within a given building portfolio; (2) calculate the Papathoma Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment (PTVA) index, in any of its variations; (3) define one or more archetype buildings representative of the analysed portfolio; (4) derive detailed numerical models of the archetype buildings, provided that the simulated design is used to cross-check the model assumptions. The proposed INSPIRE index combines a baseline score, calibrated based on fragility curves, and a performance modifier, calibrated through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to minimise subjectivity. An attempt to define a multi-hazard prioritisation scheme is proposed, combining the INSPIRE and PTVA indices. Such a multi-level framework is implemented for 85 RC school buildings in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, the most affected city by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake–tsunami sequence. As part of the proposed framework, two archetype buildings representative of the entire portfolio are defined based on the collected data. Their seismic performance is analysed by means of non-linear static analyses, using both the analytical simple lateral mechanism analysis (SLaMA) method and numerical finite-element pushover analyses to investigate the expected plastic mechanisms and derive displacement/drift thresholds to define appropriate damage states. Finally, non-linear dynamic analyses are performed to derive fragility curves for the archetype buildings. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the INSPIRE data collection form and proposed index in providing a rational method to derive seismic risk prioritisation schemes and in allowing the definition of archetype buildings for more detailed evaluations/analyses.

scholarly journals From rapid visual survey to multi-hazard risk prioritisation and numerical fragility of school buildings in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Gentile ◽  
Carmine Galasso
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Visual Survey ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstract. Regional seismic risk assessment is paramount in earthquake-prone areas, for instance to define and implement prioritisation schemes for earthquake risk mitigation. As part of the INdonesia School Programme to Increase Resilience (INSPIRE), this paper introduces the INSPIRE index, which is an empirical proxy for the relative seismic risk of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings within a given building portfolio. The index combines a baseline score, calibrated based on the fragility curves in HAZUS MH4, and a performance modifier, calibrated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to minimise subjectivity. An ad-hoc rapid visual survey form is proposed, which allows to (1) calculate the proposed INSPIRE seismic risk prioritisation index; (2) calculate the Papathoma Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment (PTVA) index; (3) define one or more archetype buildings representative of the analysed portfolio; (4) derive detailed numerical models of the archetype building, provided that simulated design is used to cross-check the model assumptions. Such framework is demonstrated for 85 RC school buildings in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, the mostly affected city by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake-tsunami sequence. A multi-hazard prioritisation scheme is defined combining the INSPIRE and PTVA indices. Moreover, an archetype building representative of the entire portfolio is defined based on the collected data. Its seismic performance is analysed by means of non-linear static analyses, using both the analytical Simple Lateral Mechanism Analysis (SLaMA) method and numerical finite element pushover analyses to investigate the predicted plastic mechanisms and derive displacement/drift thresholds to define appropriate damage states. Finally, non-linear dynamic analyses using 150 unscaled natural ground motions (cloud analysis) are adopted to derive fragility curves for the archetype building. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the INSPIRE data collection form and proposed index in providing a rational method to derive prioritisation schemes and in allowing the definition of archetype buildings for more detailed evaluations/analyses.

scholarly journals Empirical seismic fragility models for Nepalese school buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Giordano ◽  
Flavia De Luca ◽  
Anastasios Sextos ◽  
Fernando Ramirez Cortes ◽  
Carina Fonseca Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEmpirical vulnerability models are fundamental tools to assess the impact of future earthquakes on urban settlements and communities. Generally, they consist of sets of fragility curves that are derived from georeferenced post-earthquake damage data. Following the 2015 Nepal earthquake sequence, the World Bank, through the Global Program for Safer Schools, conducted a Structural Integrity and Damage Assessment (SIDA) of about 18,000 school buildings in the earthquake-affected area. In this work, the database is utilized to identify the main structural characteristics of the Nepalese school building stock. For the first time, extended SIDA school damage data is processed to derive fragility curves for the main structural typologies. Data sets for each structural typology are used for a Bayesian updating of existing fragilities to obtain regional models for Nepalese schools. These fragility estimates can be adopted to assess potential seismic losses of the school infrastructure in Nepal. Additionally, they can be used for calibrating loss assessment studies in the wider Himalayan region where the structural typologies are similar.

scholarly journals Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of School Buildings in Seismic Zone 4 of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zain ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Syed Hassan Farooq ◽  
Tahir Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Kashmir Earthquake ◽  
Building Type ◽  
Structural Configurations

Thick population density and its escalation propensity in seismically active regions of Pakistan has raised sincere concerns about the performance of building stock whose suboptimal performance and complete collapses led to a colossal number of casualties during the past earthquakes. The current research is inspired by the Kashmir earthquake of 2005 which consumed more than 80,000 lives, out of which, approximately 19,000 were children due to wide spread collapse of school buildings. A new database for existing reinforced concrete (RC) school buildings in seismic zone 4 of Pakistan has been developed using the surveyed information and presented briefly. The paper presents the statistics of the data collected through field surveys and professional interviews. It was found that the infrastructural authorities in the considered region developed some specific designs for school buildings, with varying architectural and structural configurations, which were eventually replicated throughout the area. In the current study, almost 2500 schools were surveyed for identifying versatile architectural and structural configurations, and subsequently, 19 different types had been identified, which were eventually used as representative stock for the schools in seismic zone 4 of Pakistan, Muzaffarabad district. The results of the study yield the brief of the collected data from the field and a consolidated methodology for establishing the analytical fragility relationships for one of the 19 structural configurations of the school buildings. A sample building from the collected data has been selected by considering the maximum number of students, and afterwards, the vulnerability is assessed by employing incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) which constitutes the presented methodology. Finally, the fragility curves are developed and presented for the said building type. The derived analytical fragility curves for the considered building type indicate its structural vulnerability and as a whole represent its satisfactory behavior. The vulnerability assessment process and the fragility development are described in an easy manner so that the domestic practicing engineers can readily become able to extend the application towards other school buildings in the region. The developed relationships can be employed for rational decision making so that essential disaster preparedness can be carried out by identifying any need for structural strengthening and interventions.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TWO ANALYTICAL MECHANICAL-BASED METHODS FOR DERIVING FRAGILITY CURVES TARGETED TO MASONRY SCHOOL BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Cattari ◽  
Sara Alfano ◽  
Daria Ottonelli ◽  
Elisa Saler ◽  
Francesca da Porto
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
School Buildings

SEISMIC RISK AND RESILIENCE ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES: CASE STUDY ON A BLACK CARBON PLANT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Karagiannakis
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Plant Equipment

This paper deals with state of the art risk and resilience calculations for industrial plants. Resilience is a top priority issue on the agenda of societies due to climate change and the all-time demand for human life safety and financial robustness. Industrial plants are highly complex systems containing a considerable number of equipment such as steel storage tanks, pipe rack-piping systems, and other installations. Loss Of Containment (LOC) scenarios triggered by past earthquakes due to failure on critical components were followed by severe repercussions on the community, long recovery times and great economic losses. Hence, facility planners and emergency managers should be aware of possible seismic damages and should have already established recovery plans to maximize the resilience and minimize the losses. Seismic risk assessment is the first step of resilience calculations, as it establishes possible damage scenarios. In order to have an accurate risk analysis, the plant equipment vulnerability must be assessed; this is made feasible either from fragility databases in the literature that refer to customized equipment or through numerical calculations. Two different approaches to fragility assessment will be discussed in this paper: (i) code-based Fragility Curves (FCs); and (ii) fragility curves based on numerical models. A carbon black process plant is used as a case study in order to display the influence of various fragility curve realizations taking their effects on risk and resilience calculations into account. Additionally, a new way of representing the total resilience of industrial installations is proposed. More precisely, all possible scenarios will be endowed with their weighted recovery curves (according to their probability of occurrence) and summed together. The result is a concise graph that can help stakeholders to identify critical plant equipment and make decisions on seismic mitigation strategies for plant safety and efficiency. Finally, possible mitigation strategies, like structural health monitoring and metamaterial-based seismic shields are addressed, in order to show how future developments may enhance plant resilience. The work presented hereafter represents a highly condensed application of the research done during the XP-RESILIENCE project, while more detailed information is available on the project website https://r.unitn.it/en/dicam/xp-resilience.

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