scholarly journals Household air pollution in South African low-income settlements: a case study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Language ◽  
S. J. Piketh ◽  
B. Wernecke ◽  
R. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
South African ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Air Pollution

scholarly journals Sources of household air pollution and their association with fine particulate matter in low-income urban homes in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Elf ◽  
Aarti Kinikar ◽  
Sandhya Khadse ◽  
Vidya Mave ◽  
Nishi Suryavanshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Addressing Household Air Pollution: A Case Study in Rural Madagascar

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Dasgupta ◽  
Paul Martin ◽  
Hussain A. Samad
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Household Air Pollution

Free basic water in Msunduzi, KwaZulu-Natal: is it making a difference to the lives of low-income households?

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Smith ◽  
J. Maryann Green
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
African Government ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Making A Difference ◽  
Tariff Structures ◽  
Low Income Households

South Africa's past apartheid inequities create unique challenges in achieving water delivery goals. The South African government implemented the free basic water (FBW) policy in July 2001 to ensure all South Africans had access to a basic amount of safe water by 2004. The FBW policy entitles all people to a free lifeline supply of 6000 ls/6 kilolitres (kl) (1 kl = 1000 l) of water per household per month. Despite being heralded as a way of ensuring access of lifeline water services to low-income households, fundamental policy flaws exist. The FBW allocation does not meet the basic water requirements and special water requirements of the majority of low-income households. Low-income households require more than the 6 kl allocation and are thereby expected to pay the full cost for their water service. The affordability crisis has not been addressed as tariff structures and cross-subsidisation mechanisms remain inadequate. The financial sustainability of the FBW policy is reliant on the equitable share, an unconditional grant from national government and user-fees, which the extensive low-income sector cannot afford to pay. The FBW policy is analysed, via a case study, conducted in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, within the Msunduzi municipal jurisdiction, which draws on low-income household experience of the policy.

Modeling approaches and performance for estimating personal exposure to household air pollution: A case study in Kenya

Indoor Air ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Johnson ◽  
Ricardo Piedrahita ◽  
Ajay Pillarisetti ◽  
Matthew Shupler ◽  
Diana Menya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Household air pollution exposure and respiratory health outcomes: a narrative review update of the South African epidemiological evidence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Busisiwe Shezi ◽  
Caradee Y Wright
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
South African ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
The South ◽  
The Impact

One of the greatest threats to public health is personal exposure to air pollution from indoor sources. The impact of air pollution on mortality and morbidity globally and in South Africa is large and places a burden on healthcare systems for treatment and care of air pollution-related diseases. Household air pollution (HAP) exposure attributed to the burning of solid fuels for cooking and heating is associated with several adverse health impacts including impacts on the respiratory system. The researchers sought to update the South African evidence on HAP exposure and respiratory health outcomes from 2005. Our quasi-systematic review produced 27 eligible studies, however, only four of these studies considered measures of both HAP exposure and respiratory health outcomes. While all of the studies that were reviewed show evidence of the serious problem of HAP and possible association with negative health outcomes in South Africa, no studies provided critically important information for South Africa, namely, local estimates of relative risks that may be applied in burden of disease studies and concentration response functions for criteria pollutants. Almost all of the studies that were reviewed were cross-sectional, observational studies. To strengthen the evidence of HAP exposure-health outcome impacts on respiratory health, researchers need to pursue studies such as cohort, time-series and randomised intervention trials, among other study designs. South African and other researchers working in this field need to work together and take a leap towards a new era of epidemiological research that uses more sophisticated methods and analyses to provide the best possible evidence. This evidence may then be used with greater confidence to motivate for policy-making, contribute to international processes such as for guideline development, and ultimately strengthen the evidence for design of interventions that will reduce HAP and the burden of disease associated with exposure to HAP in South Africa.

scholarly journals Exposure of infants to outdoor and indoor air pollution in low-income urban areas — a case study of Delhi

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumeet Saksena ◽  
PB Singh ◽  
Raj Kumar Prasad ◽  
Rakesh Prasad ◽  
Preeti Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution

scholarly journals Estimating the Number of Low-Income Americans Exposed to Household Air Pollution from Burning Solid Fuels

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 806-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek K. Rogalsky ◽  
Pauline Mendola ◽  
Tricia A. Metts ◽  
William J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Solid Fuels

scholarly journals From technology transfer to participative design: a case study of pollution prevention in South African townships

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
South African ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Common View ◽  
Coal Fire ◽  
Coal Fires ◽  
Participative Design ◽  
Problem Solving Process

Since the 1960’s several unsuccessful attempts were made to reduce air pollution in South African townships. These efforts targeted coal fires and included devolatalised coal, low-smoke stoves and electrification. All these efforts were more or less prescriptive in nature, technology driven and shared a common view of the role of technology. In this paper a different approach is described that had very good results. This approach starts at the coal user and their preferences and does not try to change their behaviour or attitude by means of education or coercive measures. This was done because after several years of involvement with coal and wood using communities, a good understanding was developed of the role of fire in the household and the context in which possible solutions must function. Also, the user of the technology is made a full partner in the problem solving process. This approach resulted in the adaptation of an alternative method to light a coal fire. The adapted method enjoys widespread acceptance and can reduce the contribution of coal fires to air pollution by 50%. Plans are under way by the South African Government to introduce communities nationwide to this method.

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