scholarly journals Karakteristik Genetik Populasi Kuno Pulau Bali: Sanur dan Gilimanuk

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Rusyad Adi Suryanto ◽  
Toetik Koesbardiati ◽  
Delita Bayu Murti ◽  
Ahmad Yudianto ◽  
Anak Agung Putu Santiasa Putra

AbstractThe study of ancient human migration and peopling in Indonesia still raises debate until now, both from the perspective of biological anthropology, human genetics or archaeological. The debate was always open space again to do some research about that. We concentrated with samples of ancient Bali, the findings of human remains from Gilimanuk (Melaya, Jembrana) and Semawang (Sanur, Denpasar). Relatively, Bali is an island located in the centre of Indonesian Archipelago, which may represent a major pathway of human migration and distribution according to the outer arc islands. The research aimed to describe human genetic variation of the two archeological sites of ancient Bali. Based locus short tandem repeats (STR) combined DNA index system (CODIS), which CSF1PO, TH01 and TP0X, the research took a sample of six individual human ancient Bali, which includes each of the three individual from Semawang and Gilimanuk site. The process of genetic research has been done at the Institute of Tropical Disease Laboratory of Human Genetics, Airlangga University. Semawang and Gilimanuk derived from different populations based on the analysis of its CTT loci visualization. The results with reference to all possible aspects of archaeology and biological anthropology further enrich the wealth of knowledge about human migration events in Indonesia around the Neolithic period, the early times of increasingly massive mongoloid migrations to the Archipelago region. The results also further strengthen the results of previous genetic studies of Bali population. Balinese has undergone a genetic mixture of various immigrant populations since the Neolithic period.AbstrakPenelitian migrasi dan penghunian manusia kuno di Indonesia masih memunculkan perdebatan sampai kini, baik dari perspektif antropologi biologis, genetika manusia atau arkeologis. Perdebatan itu selalu membuka ruang lagi untuk melakukan penelitian perihal itu. Kali ini kami berkonsentrasi dengan sampel Bali Kuno, yakni temuan sisa-sisa manusia dari Gilimanuk (Melaya, Jembrana) dan Semawang (Sanur, Denpasar). Bali merupakan pulau yang relatif terletak di tengah gugusan kepulauan Indonesia, di mana dapat mewakili jalur besar migrasi dan persebaran manusia seturut rute pulau-pulau busur luarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan variasi genetik manusia kuno dari dua situs arkeologis Bali itu. Berdasarkan lokus short tandem repeats (STR) combined DNA index system (CODIS), yakni CSF1PO, TH01 dan TP0X, penelitian ini mengambil sampel enam individu manusia Bali Kuno, yang meliputi masing-masing tiga individu Semawang dan Gilimanuk. Proses penelitian genetik itu telah dikerjakan di Laboratory of Human Genetics, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga. Sampel Semawang dan Gilimanuk berasal dari populasi yang berbeda berdasarkan analisis visualisasi lokus CTT-nya. Hasil penelitian ini dengan merujuk semua kemungkinan aspek arkeologis dan antropologi biologisnya makin memperkaya khazanah pengetahuan tentang peristiwa migrasi manusia di Indonesia sekitar masa Neolitik, yang menjadi masa awal makin masifnya migrasi Mongoloid ke kawasan Nusantara. Hasil penelitian ini juga makin menguatkan hasil-hasil penelitian genetika populasi Bali sebelumnya bahwa populasi Bali dari sejak Neolitik sampai sekitar masa yang lebih resen diturunkan oleh banyak leluhur atau banyak sumber gen. Penduduk Bali telah mengalami percampuran genetik dari berbagai populasi pendatang sejak Neolitik atau awal Tarikh Masehi.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 172089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Guo ◽  
Chong Chen ◽  
Tong Xie ◽  
Wei Cui ◽  
Haotian Meng ◽  
...  

Short tandem repeats (STRs) with a high level of polymorphisms and convenient detection method play an indispensable role in human population and forensic genetics. Recently, we detected the 21 autosomal non-combined DNA index system (non-CODIS) STR loci in a Kyrgyz ethnic group, calculated their forensic parameters and analysed its genetic relationships with reference populations from China. In total, 168 alleles were observed at 21 non-CODIS STRs with corresponding allelic frequencies from 0.0016 to 0.4788. No significant deviations at these STRs were observed from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The values of cumulative power of discrimination and probability of exclusion for all the 21 non-CODIS STRs were 0.99999999999999999998835 and 0.9999994002, respectively. Furthermore, the analyses of phylogenetic trees, genetic distances and interpopulation differentiations demonstrated that the Kyrgyz group had relatively close genetic relationships with the Uygur and Kazak groups. These 21 non-CODIS STRs were characterized by high genetic diversities in the Kyrgyz group and could be applied as a robust tool for individual identification and kinship testing in forensic sciences.


1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pérez-Lezaun ◽  
Francesc Calafell ◽  
Mark Seielstad ◽  
Eva Mateu ◽  
David Comas ◽  
...  

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 1973-1980
Author(s):  
Jinko Graham ◽  
James Curran ◽  
B S Weir

Abstract Modern forensic DNA profiles are constructed using microsatellites, short tandem repeats of 2–5 bases. In the absence of genetic data on a crime-specific subpopulation, one tool for evaluating profile evidence is the match probability. The match probability is the conditional probability that a random person would have the profile of interest given that the suspect has it and that these people are different members of the same subpopulation. One issue in evaluating the match probability is population differentiation, which can induce coancestry among subpopulation members. Forensic assessments that ignore coancestry typically overstate the strength of evidence against the suspect. Theory has been developed to account for coancestry; assumptions include a steady-state population and a mutation model in which the allelic state after a mutation event is independent of the prior state. Under these assumptions, the joint allelic probabilities within a subpopulation may be approximated by the moments of a Dirichlet distribution. We investigate the adequacy of this approximation for profiled loci that mutate according to a generalized stepwise model. Simulations suggest that the Dirichlet theory can still overstate the evidence against a suspect with a common microsatellite genotype. However, Dirichlet-based estimators were less biased than the product-rule estimator, which ignores coancestry.


2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. e115-e117
Author(s):  
Kelly Brown ◽  
Robert Homer ◽  
Marina Baine ◽  
Justin D. Blasberg

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pérez-Lezaun ◽  
Francesc Calafell ◽  
David Comas ◽  
Eva Mateu ◽  
Elena Bosch ◽  
...  

Gene ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 410 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edit Kassai-Jáger ◽  
Csaba Ortutay ◽  
Gábor Tóth ◽  
Tibor Vellai ◽  
Zoltán Gáspári

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