scholarly journals Transformasi Upacara Belian Ke Dalam Tari Gitang Paser

JOGED ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-562
Author(s):  
Jumiati Jumiati

Upacara Belian merupakan ritual pengobatan, membayar hutang, dan pembersihan kampung yang terdapat di Kabupaten Paser. Upacara Belian ini dilatar belakangi oleh sistem kepercayaan terhadap kekuatan-kekuatan gaib. Inti upacara Belian berupa gerak-gerak dan mantra-mantar. Gerak yang dihadiran pada upacara Belian ini menimbulkan inspirasi bagi seorang seniman bernama Irusmiati untuk mentransformasikan upacara Belian menjadi tari Gitang Paser.Gerak dalam tari Gitang ini terinspirasi dari dua motif gerak yang dilakukan oleh Mulung yaitu perambut (gerak lambat), kerkesek (gerak cepat) serta bunyi gitang. Kedua unsur ini dikembangkan dalam irama, ritme dan penggunaan tenaga sehingga menjadikannya lebih dinamisUntuk mengtahui aspek apa saja yang bertransformasi pada upacara Belian ke dalam tari Gitang Paser maka peneliti menggunakan konsep yang dikemukaka n oleh Djoharnurani yang mengemukakan bahwa proses transfomasi dapat dilalui dalam tiga tahap yaitu; 1) tahap pemahaman dan penghayatan makna; 2) tahap resepsi; dan 3) tahap tindak resepsi. Pada butir pertama adalah pemahaman dan penghayatan makna terhadap nilai-nilai yang ditransformasikan. Butir kedua adalah resepsi yang berarti penerimaan memang salah satu aspek yang ada dalam proses transformasi. Kemudian pada aspek tindak resepsilah transformasi membawa rangsangan idesional atau gagasan untuk membuat suatu yang baru. Maka melalui dari tiga tahap ini lah hasil transformasi antara upacara Belian dan tari Gitang Paser dari aspek rasa, bentuk, dan makna masing-masing bisa berubah, masih nampak ataupun menjadi samar-samar.Hasil analisis di atas menunjukkan adanya suatu perubahan bentuk penyajian, makna serta fungsi upacara Belian ke dalam tari Gitang. Hasil yang didapat memberikan nilai yang bersifat mengembangkan. Salah satu pengembangan yang dapat dilihat dari bentuk penyajian yaitu gerak, gerak pada upacara Belian lebih sederhana hanya menggunakan dua motif yaitu perambut dan kerkesek ketika berubah maka gerak tersebut lebih dinamis karena memiliki berbagai macam motif. Pengembangan yang terjadi pada bentuk penyajian memberikan dampak perubahan pula pada fungsi. Fungsi pada upacara lebih pada ritual pengobatan ketika berubah menjadi tari Gitang fungsi tersebut sebagai hiburan semata tanpa meninggalkan suasana magis. Ketika bentuk dan fungsi berubah mengakibatkan perubahan makna yang terjadi pada tari Gitang yaitu hilangnya kepercayaan masyarakat setempat terhadap upacara Belian.  Belian ceremony is a ritual of treatment, debt repayment, and cleaning of villages located in Paser District. This Belian ceremony is based on a belief system of supernatural powers. The core of the Belian ceremony is in the form of movements and mantras. The movement attended at this Belian ceremony inspired an artist named Irusmiati to transform the Belian ceremony into a Gitang Paser dance. Motion in Gitang dance is inspired by two motive motifs performed by Mulung that is perambut (slow motion) kerkesek (fast motion) and the sound of gitang. It is developed in rhythm, rhythm and use of power making it more dynamic. To know what aspects are transformed at Belian ceremony into Gitang Paser dance then the researcher uses the concept proposed by Djoharnurani which shows that the process of transfomation can be passed in three stages that is 1) Stage of understanding and appreciation of meaning 2) the reception stage and 3) stage of action. In the first point is the understanding and appreciation of the meaning of values that are transformed. The second point is acceptance which means acceptance is one of the aspects that exist in the transformation process. Then on the aspect stage of action transformation brings about an ational stimulus or an idea to create a new one. So through these three stages is the result of the transformation between Belian ceremonies into Gitang Paser dance from the aspect of taste, form, and meaning of each can change, remain visible or become blurred. The results of the above analysis indicate a change in the form of presentation, meaning and function of Belian ceremony into Gitang dance. The results obtained provide a value that is developing. One of the developments that can be seen from the form of motion presentation, motion at Belian ceremony is simpler by using only two motifs that is perambut and kerkesek When changed the motion is more dynamic because it has a variety of motives. The development that occurs in the form of presentation gives effect to changes also on the function. The function at this ceremony is more on the treatment ritual when it transforms into a Gitang dance function as a mere entertainment without leaving the magical atmosphere. When the form and function change resulted in a change of meaning that occurred in Gitang dance that is the loss of local belief in Belian ceremony. 

JOGED ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-562
Author(s):  
Jumiati Jumiati

Upacara Belian merupakan ritual pengobatan, membayar hutang, dan pembersihan kampung yang terdapat di Kabupaten Paser. Upacara Belian ini dilatar belakangi oleh sistem kepercayaan terhadap kekuatan-kekuatan gaib. Inti upacara Belian berupa gerak-gerak dan mantra-mantar. Gerak yang dihadiran pada upacara Belian ini menimbulkan inspirasi bagi seorang seniman bernama Irusmiati untuk mentransformasikan upacara Belian menjadi tari Gitang Paser.Gerak dalam tari Gitang ini terinspirasi dari dua motif gerak yang dilakukan oleh Mulung yaitu perambut (gerak lambat), kerkesek (gerak cepat) serta bunyi gitang. Kedua unsur ini dikembangkan dalam irama, ritme dan penggunaan tenaga sehingga menjadikannya lebih dinamisUntuk mengtahui aspek apa saja yang bertransformasi pada upacara Belian ke dalam tari Gitang Paser maka peneliti menggunakan konsep yang dikemukaka n oleh Djoharnurani yang mengemukakan bahwa proses transfomasi dapat dilalui dalam tiga tahap yaitu; 1) tahap pemahaman dan penghayatan makna; 2) tahap resepsi; dan 3) tahap tindak resepsi. Pada butir pertama adalah pemahaman dan penghayatan makna terhadap nilai-nilai yang ditransformasikan. Butir kedua adalah resepsi yang berarti penerimaan memang salah satu aspek yang ada dalam proses transformasi. Kemudian pada aspek tindak resepsilah transformasi membawa rangsangan idesional atau gagasan untuk membuat suatu yang baru. Maka melalui dari tiga tahap ini lah hasil transformasi antara upacara Belian dan tari Gitang Paser dari aspek rasa, bentuk, dan makna masing-masing bisa berubah, masih nampak ataupun menjadi samar-samar.Hasil analisis di atas menunjukkan adanya suatu perubahan bentuk penyajian, makna serta fungsi upacara Belian ke dalam tari Gitang. Hasil yang didapat memberikan nilai yang bersifat mengembangkan. Salah satu pengembangan yang dapat dilihat dari bentuk penyajian yaitu gerak, gerak pada upacara Belian lebih sederhana hanya menggunakan dua motif yaitu perambut dan kerkesek ketika berubah maka gerak tersebut lebih dinamis karena memiliki berbagai macam motif. Pengembangan yang terjadi pada bentuk penyajian memberikan dampak perubahan pula pada fungsi. Fungsi pada upacara lebih pada ritual pengobatan ketika berubah menjadi tari Gitang fungsi tersebut sebagai hiburan semata tanpa meninggalkan suasana magis. Ketika bentuk dan fungsi berubah mengakibatkan perubahan makna yang terjadi pada tari Gitang yaitu hilangnya kepercayaan masyarakat setempat terhadap upacara Belian.  Belian ceremony is a ritual of treatment, debt repayment, and cleaning of villages located in Paser District. This Belian ceremony is based on a belief system of supernatural powers. The core of the Belian ceremony is in the form of movements and mantras. The movement attended at this Belian ceremony inspired an artist named Irusmiati to transform the Belian ceremony into a Gitang Paser dance. Motion in Gitang dance is inspired by two motive motifs performed by Mulung that is perambut (slow motion) kerkesek (fast motion) and the sound of gitang. It is developed in rhythm, rhythm and use of power making it more dynamic. To know what aspects are transformed at Belian ceremony into Gitang Paser dance then the researcher uses the concept proposed by Djoharnurani which shows that the process of transfomation can be passed in three stages that is 1) Stage of understanding and appreciation of meaning 2) the reception stage and 3) stage of action. In the first point is the understanding and appreciation of the meaning of values that are transformed. The second point is acceptance which means acceptance is one of the aspects that exist in the transformation process. Then on the aspect stage of action transformation brings about an ational stimulus or an idea to create a new one. So through these three stages is the result of the transformation between Belian ceremonies into Gitang Paser dance from the aspect of taste, form, and meaning of each can change, remain visible or become blurred. The results of the above analysis indicate a change in the form of presentation, meaning and function of Belian ceremony into Gitang dance. The results obtained provide a value that is developing. One of the developments that can be seen from the form of motion presentation, motion at Belian ceremony is simpler by using only two motifs that is perambut and kerkesek When changed the motion is more dynamic because it has a variety of motives. The development that occurs in the form of presentation gives effect to changes also on the function. The function at this ceremony is more on the treatment ritual when it transforms into a Gitang dance function as a mere entertainment without leaving the magical atmosphere. When the form and function change resulted in a change of meaning that occurred in Gitang dance that is the loss of local belief in Belian ceremony. 


1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick J. Newmeyer

It has become commonplace in the anti-generative literature to portray Chomsky as denying that any systematic relationship exists between linguistic form on the one hand and meaning and function on the other and, in particular, that the latter might exert any direct influence on the former. The purpose of this note is to challenge such portrayals by making reference to some of Chomsky's relevant published statements over the past three and one half decades.


PLoS Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e3001031
Author(s):  
Douglas B. Booher ◽  
Joshua C. Gibson ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
John T. Longino ◽  
Brian L. Fisher ◽  
...  

Evolutionary innovations underlie the rise of diversity and complexity—the 2 long-term trends in the history of life. How does natural selection redesign multiple interacting parts to achieve a new emergent function? We investigated the evolution of a biomechanical innovation, the latch-spring mechanism of trap-jaw ants, to address 2 outstanding evolutionary problems: how form and function change in a system during the evolution of new complex traits, and whether such innovations and the diversity they beget are repeatable in time and space. Using a new phylogenetic reconstruction of 470 species, and X-ray microtomography and high-speed videography of representative taxa, we found the trap-jaw mechanism evolved independently 7 to 10 times in a single ant genus (Strumigenys), resulting in the repeated evolution of diverse forms on different continents. The trap mechanism facilitates a 6 to 7 order of magnitude greater mandible acceleration relative to simpler ancestors, currently the fastest recorded acceleration of a resettable animal movement. We found that most morphological diversification occurred after evolution of latch-spring mechanisms, which evolved via minor realignments of mouthpart structures. This finding, whereby incremental changes in form lead to a change of function, followed by large morphological reorganization around the new function, provides a model for understanding the evolution of complex biomechanical traits, as well as insights into why such innovations often happen repeatedly.


2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-283
Author(s):  
Stephanie J. Harris

Ancient Egyptian women’s headdresses in the form of circlets, fillets and diadems are intriguing in their complexity. In response to the increased need to indicate social status in a poorly literate dynastic society, these items of personal adornment became a powerful form of non-verbal communication. Garlands, originally made from handfuls of river plants, gradually developed into innovative and imaginatively powerful visual symbols when fashioned from metal and a variety of semi-precious stones. Botanical motifs symbolic of the Nile River and the duality of a unified Sema Tawy (Two Lands) were incorporated into magical and superstitious symbolism that encompassed social, political, religious, mythological and amuletic contexts. The headdresses that were worn were not purely ornamental but, it was believed, also provided apotropaic protection for the head. Flower motifs, material and colour played an important role in their belief system. The iconography and symbolism incorporated into a delicately crafted gold wire diadem excavated from Princess Khnumet’s 12th Dynasty (Middle Kingdom) tomb at Dashur (and currently housed in the Cairo Museum) will be systematically interpreted at primary and secondary levels in order to provide some insight into its owner. Given the relationship between form and function, a novel connection has been proposed between the iconography and symbolism, and the diadem’s use during an annual Nile inundation cultic festival.


Author(s):  
Alexandru Pop ◽  
◽  
Bogdan Cioruța ◽  
Mirela Coman ◽  
◽  
...  

For more than 150 years postcards all over the world have three main roles: a value-added receipt for a postage payment in advance, a means of celebrating and promoting national heritage and a collection of pieces. But above all, the postage stamp is a true ambassador of human history, culture and civilization, because its form and function give it freedom of movement and the ability to transmit information all over the world. Through this paper, the authors want to open a series of presentations of what has given valuable, over time, the philately of civilization and human culture and which is reflected in philatelic collections. There are fractions of images - as far as a stamp can be - with people and places, with flowers and landscapes, animals and protected habitats, with what we want to remain alive in the memory of our descendants - as an essential component of environmental policy And sustainable development.


2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 3732-3736
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Dai ◽  
Hua Li Zhang

Due to the advance of computer science, we now have more powerful tools to digitize and analyze the complex system of urban form, which was difficult for describing and exploring previously. Space syntax theory and method is one of these tools which can help to clarify the social logic of space quantitatively. By this tool, this study examined the urban transformation process of the London area of Soho in the last 100 years, aiming at articulating the intriguing form and function relationship. This study proposed that although the spatial change and social change are in different speed, their changing process still intertwined and interacted with each other.


Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).


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