scholarly journals PERUBAHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN PANAKAWAN DALAM PEWAYANGAN

CORAK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nurhadi Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Strong Influence ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
And Function ◽  
Number Form

The Panakawan figure in puppet is the original creativity of Indonesian people. Its existence is recognized as having existed before Islam emerged as the political power in the archipelago (Demak). Since the 12th century the figure of Panakawan has been mentioned in Javanese literature and developed in the walls of the temple's reliefs. Even the presence of Panakawan still exists today, with Semar, Gareng, Petruk and Bagong as the characters. Of course there were many different things between Panakawan pre-Islamic times when compared to the Islamic period. These differences were certainly very interesting to study, so they can show the influence of Islam in the world of Wayang. This paper tries to examine the history, changes and development of Panakawan figures in pre-Islamic times and the Islamic period.Using Alvin Boskoff's theory of change, and the theory of the principle of acculturation to Koentjaraningrat's culture, the author tries to examine various changes, and the development of Panakawan figures in wayang. The results of the study show that changes in the pre-Islamic Panamanian era and the Islamic period were changes due to external factors, namely the domination factor of Islamic teachings in Puppet. The strong influence of Islam has caused many changes to occur in the naming, number, form and function of the Panakawan figures.KeyWord: Punakawan, Puppet, changes and Development Tokoh Panakawan dalam pewayangan adalah asli kreatifitas manusia Indonesia. Keberadaanya diakui telah ada sebelum Islam muncul sebagai kekuatan politik di bumi Nusantara (Demak). Sejak abad 12 tokoh Panakawan telah disebutkan dalam kesusastraan Jawa dan berkembang pada relief dinding-dingding Candi. Panakawanpun keberadaannya masih eksis sampai saat ini, dengan Semar, Gareng, Petruk dan Bagong sebagai tokohnya. Tentunya banyak hal yang berbeda antara Panakawan masa pra Islam bila dibandingkan dengan masa Islam. Berbagai perbedaan tersebut tentulah sangat menarik untuk dikaji, sehingga bisa menunjukkan pengaruh Islam dalam dunia Wayang. Tulisan ini mencoba mengkaji sejarah, perubahan dan perkembangan tokoh Panakawan pada masa pra Islam dan masa Islam.Menggunakan teori Perubahan Alvin Boskoff, dan teori prinsip akulturasi budaya Koentjaraningrat, penulis mencoba mengkaji berbagai perubahan, dan perkembangan tokoh Panakawan dalam pewayangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan Panakawan masa pra Islam dan masa Islam merupakan perubahan karena faktor eksternal, yaitu faktor dominasi ajaran Islam dalam Pewayangan. Kuatnya pengaruh Islam ini telah menyebabkab banyak terjadi perubahan baik pada penamaan, jumlah, bentuk dan fungsi tokoh Panakawan.Kata Kunci: Punakawan, Wayang, Peruabahn dan Perkembangan

scholarly journals Litteratur og politik

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (104) ◽  
pp. 148-165
Author(s):  
Frederik Tygstrup ◽  
Isak Winkel Holm
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Symbolic Forms ◽  
Representational Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Poetics ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Way

Literature and PoliticsLiterature is political by representing the world. The production of literature is a contribution to a general cultural poetics where images of reality are constructed and circulated. At the same time, the practice of literature is institutionalized in such a way that the form and function of the images of reality it produces are conceived and used in a distinctive way. In this article, we suggest distinguishing between a general cultural poetics and a specific literary poetics by using Ernst Cassirer’s neo-Kantian concept of »symbolic forms«. We argue that according to this view, the political significance of literary representational practices resides in the way they activate a common cultural repertoire of historical symbolic forms while at the same time deviating from the common ways of treating these forms.

Carl Schmitt and Modernity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Balke
Keyword(s):  
Judith Butler ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
The Political ◽  
Sovereign Power ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Constitutional State ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Function

Carl Schmitt’s political and juridical thought is anchored in a specific diagnosis of modernity. He develops the concept of the political because of how the location and address of the political become fundamentally questionable under modern conditions. Romanticism disempowers the state, the government, indeed all political-public structures and processes, turning them into mere “scenery” or simulacrums that hide an actual or substantial reality. This chapter traces the continued effects of Schmitt’s thought on various diagnoses of a political dialectic of modernity. Each has the changing form and function of sovereign power at its center. The work of Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Judith Butler, and Zygmunt Bauman shows that Schmitt’s thought is applicable to the paradox by which sovereign power of decision continues to have a latent effect under the conditions of a constitutional state.

Aphorisms of Jesus in John: An Illustrative Look at John 4.35

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 207-229
Author(s):  
Linda McKinnish Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Of John ◽  
Synoptic Gospels ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Full Expression ◽  
Jesus Seminar ◽  
The World ◽  
John's Gospel ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sayings Of Jesus

AbstractThis literary genre, the aphorism, finds full expression in the Gospel of John. Vestiges of the world of orality, these 'gems of illumination' invite intense reflection and response as they illuminate not only the literary landscape of the Gospel but also provide a lens for viewing the Jesus tradition in the Gospel of John. My work is indebted to the research of J.D. Crossan, author of In Fragments who has written the definitive work on the aphorisms of Jesus in the Synoptic Gospels. More explorative work, however, is needed for the aphorisms of Jesus with particular focus on John's Gospel. Although the aphorisms of Jesus in John were omitted in the database of authentic sayings of Jesus compiled by the members of the Jesus Seminar, might these lapidary gems be placed on the table once more for exploration? While I am confident that the Johannine aphorisms lead us through the narrative landscape of the Gospel and even reveal distinctive aspects of the community, is it possible that they might also provide at least a brief glimpse of Jesus? Using the agrarian aphorism of Jn 4.35 as a showcase illustration, this article proposes to identify the form and function of the Johannine aphorism; to investigate the authenticity of the saying in Jn 4.34-35 using established criteria of authenticity; and to suggest the often-overlooked criterion of orality is a most useful tool for continued exploration.

English as a Lingua Franca: form follows function

English Today ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Cogo
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The World ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTIn this paper I wish to respond to the article published in ET94 by Saraceni while at the same time providing some clarifications concerning the concept of English as a Lingua Franca (henceforth ELF). In his article Saraceni raises three main questions (and a number of related debatable comments which I will quickly deal with in my final remarks) regarding: 1) the nature of ELF and its speakers, 2) the relationship between ELF and the World Englishes (henceforth WE) paradigm, and 3) the distinction between form and function. I will address each of these questions, and in so doing consider a number of notions concerning the ELF research field.

Platform Work and Participation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zachary Kilhoffer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
And Function ◽  
Policy Proposals ◽  
Core Issues

Platforms like Uber, Deliveroo, and Upwork have disrupted labor markets around the world. These platforms vary enormously in form and function, but generally contain three parts: digital platforms, which set the rules and intermediate communication and transactions between the other two parts, consumers and platform workers. Platform work is a diverse type of labor that developed around these platforms, and it has great potential to increase citizen participation. However, it is under intense scrutiny in light of widely publicized protests and court cases. This report attempts to disentangle the rhetoric surrounding platform work by discussing its emergence and conceptualization, key challenges, and how it may increase participation in the socio-economic sphere. The conclusion discusses how most policy proposals to regulate platform work fail to address the core issues, while potentially stifling innovative practices. Instead, the author suggests more tailored and proportionate regulatory responses.

Wallace Stevens: The Life of the Imagination

PMLA ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-582
Author(s):  
Roy Harvey Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Wallace Stevens ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
The Real ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The World ◽  
And Function

One thing we can now surely say of the achievement of Wallace Stevens: He has written, over some thirty years, a whole and continuing poetry whose subject is the life, the form and function, of the imagination. In the recently published Transport to Summer that subject receives its broadest, most complex treatment, yet remains essentially as it was in his first volume, Harmonium: in his language, a problem in the relation of the imagined to the real; in more general language, of the world as known to the world as outside knowing. From beginning to end what has been basic is the predicament of the man who would know. If, read in and of themselves, the poems in Transport to Summer contrast vividly with those in Harmonium, the contrast is as much an aspect of continuity as of difference and opposition. It is a continuity that represents the growth and achievement which, for good and for bad, make the total of Stevens' work greater than the sum of its parts. Viewed thus, the poems in Transport to Summer are inevitable precisely as they show Stevens trying to finish what he began in Harmonium.

scholarly journals From open resources to educational opportunity

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Vijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Educational Opportunity ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Sustainable Implementation ◽  
The World ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Open Standards ◽  
Sustainable Ecology ◽  
And Function

Since MIT’s bold announcement of the OpenCourseWare initiative in 2001, the content of over 700 of its courses have been published on the Web and made available for free to the world. Important infrastructure initiatives have also been launched recently with a view to enabling the sustainable implementation of these educational programmes, through strengthening organizational capacity as well as through building open, standards-based technology. Each of these initiatives point to a rich palette of transformational possibilities for education; together with the growing open source movement, they offer glimpses of a sustainable ecology of substantial and quality educational resources. This discussion piece will highlight some of the educational opportunity presented by MIT’s current information technology-enabled educational agenda and related initiatives, along with their strategic underpinnings and implications. It will address various dimensions of their impact on the form and function of education. It will examine how these ambitious programmes achieve a vision characterized by an abundance of sustainable, transformative educational opportunities, not merely pervasive technology.DOI: 10.1080/09687760500376512

scholarly journals Urban Development and its Negative Reflections on The Problem of Housing and Shortage of Housing in Bagdad City

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-356
Author(s):  
Prof. Dr. Basheer Ibrahem Iltaif ◽  
Dr. Areej Bahjat Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Integrated System ◽  
City Development ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Residential Use ◽  
And Function ◽  
The City

      The residential use is considered one of the most important uses of main urban lands .There is no city in our contemporary world without houses .Housing is an urban appearance that reflects the stage of interaction of societies with the environment .That mean the residence may change in its form and function due to the changes that occurs according to the technologic and economic development and changing of many human behavior  manners. Thus the manners and stages of city development are changed due to the change of its morphologic stages .But healthy residence provided by all basic services (potablewater,electricity , sanitation …..) as well as the necessity of the house connecting with streets within the city with providing integrated system of wastes disposal. Thus the suitable residence becomes the main aim of the housing policies for the world countries.

Anuak Village Headmen

Africa ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Godfrey Lienhardt
Keyword(s):  
Specific Form ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
And Function

Opening ParagraphThe specific form and function of many Anuak customs connected with competition and prestige, some of which I briefly described in the first part of this study, are to be interpreted in relation to the political structure of Anuak villages; and this I now describe, first in general outline, and later in more detail with reference to a particular village

One of five

2020 ◽  
pp. 311-323
Author(s):  
John D. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Mediterranean Flora ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mediterranean Type Ecosystems

There are five Mediterranean type ecosystems (MTE) with a climate characterized by a summer drought in the world. Their comparative ecology and evolution, in five geographically disjunct and distinct regions, has stimulated great interest. The similarities are striking, and after a rapid illustration of similarities in form and function (treated in detail in other work) this chapter explores the similarities that concern the evolution of species diversity and endemism. It also addresses the unique situation of the Mediterranean flora and its history, described in previous chapters. Whereas the other four MTE occur adjacent to an ocean, in a spatially limited climatic island, the Mediterranean flora has evolved around a sea, where marked historical phasing of geological and climatic change has caused the evolution of some quite unique patterns. All five MTE are biodiversity hotspots and, using illustrations from the other MTE, this chapter proposes that the similarity that we should now seek lies in an approach to conservation that integrates ecological and evolutionary processes.

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