Anuak Village Headmen

Africa ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Godfrey Lienhardt
Keyword(s):  
Specific Form ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
And Function

Opening ParagraphThe specific form and function of many Anuak customs connected with competition and prestige, some of which I briefly described in the first part of this study, are to be interpreted in relation to the political structure of Anuak villages; and this I now describe, first in general outline, and later in more detail with reference to a particular village

scholarly journals Litteratur og politik

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (104) ◽  
pp. 148-165
Author(s):  
Frederik Tygstrup ◽  
Isak Winkel Holm
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Symbolic Forms ◽  
Representational Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Poetics ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Way

Literature and PoliticsLiterature is political by representing the world. The production of literature is a contribution to a general cultural poetics where images of reality are constructed and circulated. At the same time, the practice of literature is institutionalized in such a way that the form and function of the images of reality it produces are conceived and used in a distinctive way. In this article, we suggest distinguishing between a general cultural poetics and a specific literary poetics by using Ernst Cassirer’s neo-Kantian concept of »symbolic forms«. We argue that according to this view, the political significance of literary representational practices resides in the way they activate a common cultural repertoire of historical symbolic forms while at the same time deviating from the common ways of treating these forms.

Carl Schmitt and Modernity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Balke
Keyword(s):  
Judith Butler ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
The Political ◽  
Sovereign Power ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Constitutional State ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Function

Carl Schmitt’s political and juridical thought is anchored in a specific diagnosis of modernity. He develops the concept of the political because of how the location and address of the political become fundamentally questionable under modern conditions. Romanticism disempowers the state, the government, indeed all political-public structures and processes, turning them into mere “scenery” or simulacrums that hide an actual or substantial reality. This chapter traces the continued effects of Schmitt’s thought on various diagnoses of a political dialectic of modernity. Each has the changing form and function of sovereign power at its center. The work of Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Judith Butler, and Zygmunt Bauman shows that Schmitt’s thought is applicable to the paradox by which sovereign power of decision continues to have a latent effect under the conditions of a constitutional state.

Religious Ideas and Social Action in Gurage Bond-Friendship

Africa ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Shack
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
And Function

Opening ParagraphInstitutions of bond-friendship as a form of voluntary association exist in many societies and, when viewed cross-tribally, they show considerable variation both in form and function.1 Even so, variations in the order of bond-friendship associations seem related to a common theme: namely, that there is an exchange of goods and/or services between parties to a ritual covenant that is reinforced by supernatural sanctions; and that protestations of mutual goodwill, together with calling for imprecations of evil to befall the individual who breaks the agreement, are elements which bind the covenant.

Marriage Customs of the Luo of Kenya

Africa ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Evans-Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
General Account ◽  
Marriage Customs ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Made In

Opening ParagraphThis paper forms part of a short general account of the Luo based on a rapid survey made in 1936. The survey was financed by the Leverhulme Grants Committee. An earlier part, describing the political structure of the Luo, has recently appeared in another journal.Apart from information provided by Father Hartmann and a fuller account by Mr. K. C. Shaw, early accounts of Luo marriage are slight, and in some cases misleading. Mr. Shaw's account covers a good part of the ground covered by the present paper, but it is useful to have two independent accounts, especially as both were written from information obtained through interpreters. When I went to Kenya I did not expect to visit the Luo and I had not therefore read Mr. Shaw's article. Mr. Shaw and I disagree in a number of particulars in the overlapping parts of our papers. It does not follow from this that either of us is wrong in our statements because, as Mr. Shaw points out, there is some variation in local custom in the different tribes of Luoland. My own information on this particular subject was mostly obtained from the Alego tribe of Central Kavirondo. In the main I have followed the account given me by Pastor Ezekiel of that tribe. In doing so I have omitted much detail.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN PANAKAWAN DALAM PEWAYANGAN

CORAK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nurhadi Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Strong Influence ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
And Function ◽  
Number Form

The Panakawan figure in puppet is the original creativity of Indonesian people. Its existence is recognized as having existed before Islam emerged as the political power in the archipelago (Demak). Since the 12th century the figure of Panakawan has been mentioned in Javanese literature and developed in the walls of the temple's reliefs. Even the presence of Panakawan still exists today, with Semar, Gareng, Petruk and Bagong as the characters. Of course there were many different things between Panakawan pre-Islamic times when compared to the Islamic period. These differences were certainly very interesting to study, so they can show the influence of Islam in the world of Wayang. This paper tries to examine the history, changes and development of Panakawan figures in pre-Islamic times and the Islamic period.Using Alvin Boskoff's theory of change, and the theory of the principle of acculturation to Koentjaraningrat's culture, the author tries to examine various changes, and the development of Panakawan figures in wayang. The results of the study show that changes in the pre-Islamic Panamanian era and the Islamic period were changes due to external factors, namely the domination factor of Islamic teachings in Puppet. The strong influence of Islam has caused many changes to occur in the naming, number, form and function of the Panakawan figures.KeyWord: Punakawan, Puppet, changes and Development Tokoh Panakawan dalam pewayangan adalah asli kreatifitas manusia Indonesia. Keberadaanya diakui telah ada sebelum Islam muncul sebagai kekuatan politik di bumi Nusantara (Demak). Sejak abad 12 tokoh Panakawan telah disebutkan dalam kesusastraan Jawa dan berkembang pada relief dinding-dingding Candi. Panakawanpun keberadaannya masih eksis sampai saat ini, dengan Semar, Gareng, Petruk dan Bagong sebagai tokohnya. Tentunya banyak hal yang berbeda antara Panakawan masa pra Islam bila dibandingkan dengan masa Islam. Berbagai perbedaan tersebut tentulah sangat menarik untuk dikaji, sehingga bisa menunjukkan pengaruh Islam dalam dunia Wayang. Tulisan ini mencoba mengkaji sejarah, perubahan dan perkembangan tokoh Panakawan pada masa pra Islam dan masa Islam.Menggunakan teori Perubahan Alvin Boskoff, dan teori prinsip akulturasi budaya Koentjaraningrat, penulis mencoba mengkaji berbagai perubahan, dan perkembangan tokoh Panakawan dalam pewayangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan Panakawan masa pra Islam dan masa Islam merupakan perubahan karena faktor eksternal, yaitu faktor dominasi ajaran Islam dalam Pewayangan. Kuatnya pengaruh Islam ini telah menyebabkab banyak terjadi perubahan baik pada penamaan, jumlah, bentuk dan fungsi tokoh Panakawan.Kata Kunci: Punakawan, Wayang, Peruabahn dan Perkembangan

Globalizing risk?

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Politics ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Function ◽  
Political Character

In the criminal justice arena, the convergence of analyses of `actuarial justice' and the `risk society' thesis, has led many to assume that we will experience a global shift towards risk-based models of justice that are statistical, repressive and incapacitating. It is argued in this article that even where we focus on national jurisdictions sharing risk frameworks of justice and the adoption of neo-liberal politics, there is little evidence that actuarial justice has been successfully exported from the USA. By examining recent developments in Australia, it is shown that local political formations and social conditions have meant that models of justice that are both neo-liberal and risk-based in character diverge so much from US models—in form and function—that we cannot make useful global generalizations about the political character or correctional value of such regimes, or about their simple `transportability' across jurisdictional boundaries.

The Reaction of a Civil - Religious Hierarchy to a Factory in Guatemala

1954 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manning Nash
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The Political ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Endogamous Population ◽  
And Function ◽  
Textile Factory

In the Western Highlands of Guatemala is a series of local Indian communities, each with its own typical costume, its particular economic specialty, its nearly endogamous population, and its position in the rotating market system. The distinctive feature of these Indian social systems is a hierarchy of interrelated civil and religious offices that regulate the public and religious life of the community. The Quichespeaking village of Cantel in the Southwest Highlands, about six miles from Quezaltenango, has a 97 percent Indian population. The villagers still wear distinctive costumes and have a civil-religious hierarchy similar in form and function to that described by Wagley in Chimaltenango and by Tax for Panajachel. For more than 50 years, they have lived in peaceful coexistence with a modern textile factory that has continuously employed about one-fourth of the adult population. But in the last decade the hierarchy has undergone major changes as a result of the local factory workers' union acting as funnel to the community for the national political program of the 1944 revolution. In this article, the writer intends to describe how the factory adjusted to the civil-religious hierarchy for more than half a century, and how, over a period of 10 years, the political revolution as focused in Cantel through the union undermined the hierarchy.

Cultures and Selves

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Rose Markus ◽  
Shinobu Kitayama
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function

The study of culture and self casts psychology’s understanding of the self, identity, or agency as central to the analysis and interpretation of behavior and demonstrates that cultures and selves define and build upon each other in an ongoing cycle of mutual constitution. In a selective review of theoretical and empirical work, we define self and what the self does, define culture and how it constitutes the self (and vice versa), define independence and interdependence and determine how they shape psychological functioning, and examine the continuing challenges and controversies in the study of culture and self. We propose that a self is the “me” at the center of experience—a continually developing sense of awareness and agency that guides actions and takes shape as the individual, both brain and body, becomes attuned to various environments. Selves incorporate the patterning of their various environments and thus confer particular and culture-specific form and function to the psychological processes they organize (e.g., attention, perception, cognition, emotion, motivation, interpersonal relationship, group). In turn, as selves engage with their sociocultural contexts, they reinforce and sometimes change the ideas, practices, and institutions of these environments.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

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