scholarly journals Inequalities in women’s mortality by education / Neenakosti v umrljivosti žensk po izobrazbi

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Mateja Rok Simon ◽  
Sonja Tomšič ◽  
Jožica Šelb Šemerl ◽  
Petra Nadrag ◽  
Barbara Mihevc Ponikvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
High Educational Attainment ◽  
Socioeconomic Gaps ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
High Educational

Abstract Background: Researchers have found that mortality is decreasing in all socioeconomic population groups but the relative differences in mortality between lower and higher social classes remain unchanged or have even increased. In Slovenia this has not yet been studied. Methods: The analysis included all women in Slovenia who died in the 2005-2010 period and were recorded in the Registry of deaths. Cause of death data was linked to data on the educational attainment of the deceased person, which was applied successfully in 98.8% of cases. The rate ratios (RR) for age-standardised death rates were calculated for women with a low and high educational attainment. Results: The calculated gap in life expectancy at age 30 between women with low and high educational attainment stood at 5.5 years. Women aged 0-84 with a low educational attainment had a statistically significant higher risk of death than women with a high educational attainment (RR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.57-1.73). Inequalities in premature mortality were even greater (1.78; 1.65-1.93). Educational inequalities in premature mortality were revealed in the majority of causes of death, e.g. cervical cancer (1.99; 1.22-3.67), lung cancer (1.70; 1.30-2.26), cardiovascular diseases (3.02; 2.41-3.91), causes directly attributable to alcohol (7.34; 4.96-12.27), motor vehicle accidents (2.23; 1.21-4.45) and suicide (1.68; 1.19-2.41). Conclusions: Significant socioeconomic gaps in women’s mortality in Slovenia obligate us to more systematic monitoring of health inequalities in the future. Further research is required in order to clarify specific reasons for the major gaps in mortality from specific causes of death.

A Reassessment of Suicide Measurement

Crisis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Doessel ◽  
Ruth F.G. Williams ◽  
Harvey Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Evaluation Exercise ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Circulatory Diseases

Background. Concern with suicide measurement is a positive, albeit relatively recent, development. A concern with “the social loss from suicide” requires careful attention to appropriately measuring the phenomenon. This paper applies two different methods of measuring suicide data: the conventional age-standardized suicide (count) rate; and the alternative rate, the potential years of life lost (PYLL) rate. Aims. The purpose of applying these two measures is to place suicide in Queensland in a historical and comparative (relative to other causes of death) perspective. Methods. Both measures are applied to suicide data for Queensland since 1920. These measures are applied also to two “largish” causes of death and two “smaller” causes of death, i.e., circulatory diseases, cancers, motor vehicle accidents, suicide. Results. The two measures generate quite different pictures of suicide in Queensland: Using the PYLL measure, suicide is a quantitatively larger issue than is indicated by the count measure. Conclusions. The PYLL measure is the more appropriate measure for evaluation exercise of public health prevention strategies. This is because the PYLL measure is weighted by years of life lost and, thus, it incorporates more information than the count measure which implicitly weights each death with a somewhat partial value, viz. unity.

Population differences in health-related quality of life between cancer survivors and controls: Does low educational attainment widen the gap?

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482090875
Author(s):  
Finn Breinholt Larsen ◽  
Jes Bak Sørensen ◽  
Claus Vinther Nielsen ◽  
Anne-Mette Hedeager Momsen ◽  
Karina Friis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
High Educational Attainment ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
High Educational

Aims: This study aimed to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among cancer survivors and controls in the Danish population, with special attention given to the impact of low educational attainment. Comparisons were made at population level and for subgroups stratified by education. Furthermore, comparisons were made for all cancer diagnoses combined and for the 14 most prevalent cancer sites and ‘other cancer sites’. Finally, the importance of time since initial diagnosis was examined. Methods: HRQOL was measured using the physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 in a population-based survey. By linking data with the Danish Cancer Registry, 11,166 cancer survivors and 151,117 individuals with no history of cancer were identified. Results: HRQOL was reduced in cancer survivors for all cancers combined and most cancer sites. Differences were found at population level and stratified by educational attainment. PCS was reduced to a similar extent in the three educational groups, whereas MCS was reduced slightly more in the low than in the high educational attainment group. HRQOL increased with time since initial diagnosis during the first years. Conclusions: Cancer survivors had lower HRQOL than controls, and HRQOL was lower in the low than in the high educational attainment group. However, low educational attainment did not widen the gap in HRQOL following a cancer diagnosis. Despite this, the combined effect of low educational attainment and a cancer diagnosis markedly reduced HRQOL in some cancer survivors. The study identified groups of cancer survivors with low HRQOL who may have unmet rehabilitation needs.

P130 LEADING CAUSES OF MORTALITY IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A NATIONWIDE ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S26-S26
Author(s):  
Andrew Weber ◽  
Jenny Sauk ◽  
Berkeley Limketkai
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Age Of Death

Abstract Background Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) often ask whether their condition would affect their life span. However, available data are sparse. The aims of this study were to compare the ages of death between patients with and without IBD and to determine the leading causes of death amongst inpatients with IBD in a large nationwide database. Methods The Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) provides a nationally representative sampling of patient-linked hospitalizations throughout the United States. For years 2010 through 2016, we identified individuals with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) based on International Classification of Diseases-Clinical Modification codes, ninth and tenth revisions (ICD-9, ICD-10). The mean age of death was compared between IBD and non-IBD inpatients. Cluster analyses were used to evaluate the leading causes of death among IBD patients based on the associated codes in the first three diagnosis positions. Results Between 2010 and 2016, there were 934,331 CD and 623,596 UC patients admitted. There were more deaths associated with UC than CD (3.11% vs. 1.72%; P <0.01) (Figure 1). Amongst CD patients, the average age of death was 68.2 years, compared to 70.5 years for non-IBD patients (P <0.01). For UC patients, the average age of death was 71.9 years, compared to 70.5 years for non-IBD patients (P <0.01). The most frequent diagnoses for CD patients who died while hospitalized were sepsis (31.1%), respiratory failure (13.0%), and fluid electrolyte and acid-base disorders (12.5%) (Table 1). Interestingly, motor vehicle accidents were associated with a significant number of deaths among CD patients (7.0%). Pre-defined diagnoses of interest associated with death included myocardial infarction (3.3%), deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (2.0%), and malignancy (6.7%). Diagnoses most frequently noted in UC patient who died while inpatient included sepsis (43.4%), fluid electrolyte and acid-base disorders (13.6%), and respiratory failure (10.9%). Similarly to CD, motor vehicle accidents were again associated with a significant number of UC deaths (5.5%). Pre-defined diagnoses associated with death in UC included myocardial infarction (3.5%), deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (2.0%), and malignancy (5.8%). Conclusions In a large nationally representative database of hospitalized patients, although those with CD and UC were found to have statistically significant differences in age at death when compared with the general population, the absolute differences were small. Diagnoses most frequently associated with inpatient mortality were sepsis, respiratory failure, and fluid electrolyte and acid-base disorders. There was also a large number of motor vehicle-related deaths among IBD patients.

scholarly journals A national survey assessing public readiness for digital health strategies against COVID-19 within the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viknesh Sounderajah ◽  
Jonathan Clarke ◽  
Seema Yalamanchili ◽  
Amish Acharya ◽  
Sheraz R. Markar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
High Educational Attainment ◽  
Digital Exclusion ◽  
High Educational

AbstractThere is concern that digital public health initiatives used in the management of COVID-19 may marginalise certain population groups. There is an overlap between the demographics of groups at risk of digital exclusion (older, lower social grade, low educational attainment and ethnic minorities) and those who are vulnerable to poorer health outcomes from SARS-CoV-2. In this national survey study (n = 2040), we assessed how the UK population; particularly these overlapping groups, reported their preparedness for digital health strategies. We report, with respect to using digital information to make health decisions, that those over 60 are less comfortable (net comfort: 57%) than those between 18 and 39 (net comfort: 78%) and lower social grades are less comfortable (net comfort: 63%) than higher social grades (net comfort: 75%). With respect to a preference for digital over non-digital sources in seeking COVID-19 health information, those over 60 (net preference: 21%) are less inclined than those between 18 and 39 (net preference: 60%) and those of low educational attainment (net preference: 30%) are less inclined than those of high educational attainment (net preference: 52%). Lastly, with respect to distinguishing reliable digital COVID-19 information, lower social grades (net confidence: 55%) are less confident than higher social grades (net confidence: 68%) and those of low educational attainment (net confidence: 51%) are less confident than those of high educational attainment (net confidence: 71%). All reported differences are statistically significant (p < 0.01) following multivariate regression modelling. This study suggests that digital public health approaches to COVID-19 have the potential to marginalise groups who are concurrently at risk of digital exclusion and poor health outcomes from SARS-CoV-2.

Environmental smoke exposure among daily smokers with low vs. high educational attainment

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. e202
Author(s):  
Jennifer W. Tidey ◽  
Rachel Denlinger ◽  
Dorothy Hatsukami ◽  
Eric Donny
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
High Educational Attainment ◽  
High Educational

Premature Mortality Due to Suicide, Homicide, and Motor Vehicle Accidents in Health Service Delivery Areas: Comparison of Status Indians in British Columbia, Canada, with All other Residents

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stephen Bridges ◽  
Julie C. Kunselman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Vehicle Accidents

From each of 15 health regions, potential years of life lost (PYLL) before age 75 for Status Indians is compared for select causes of death with all other residents. Mortality data from 1991 to 2001 for rates of PYLL (standardized to the 1991 population) are from tables of the British Columbia Vital Statistics Agency and First Nations and Inuit Health Branch in 2002. PYLL rate differences and rate ratios were compared for two groups with significance of the former indicated by the 95% confidence interval. Overall, the rates of PYLL for suicide, homicide, and deaths due to motor vehicle accidents were about 224%, 340%, and 248% higher among Status Indians than all other residents. Rates of PYLL for homicide and deaths from motor vehicle accidents among Status Indian women exceeded those of other residents who were men. For suicide, Status Indian men ranked first and all other male residents of British Columbia ranked second.

scholarly journals The Intergenerational Transmission of Education: A Case Study from Iceland

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-260
Author(s):  
Emil Dagsson ◽  
Þorlákur Karlsson ◽  
Gylfi Zoega
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
High Educational Attainment ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Education ◽  
Over Time ◽  
High Educational ◽  
Parents Education

We estimate the relation between parents’ education and the education of their children, using survey data from Iceland. We find a positive correlation between the education of parents and their children, as well as a positive correlation between parents’ emphasis on the importance of education and their children’s education. Parents with strong educational emphasis do not necessarily need to have high educational attainment in our sample. The mother’s education appears to matter somewhat more than that of the father. In a multiple regression analysis, we find a positive and statistically significant effect of both the mother and the father’s education on the educational attainment of children as well as an effect of the mother and the father’s emphasis of the importance of education, while controlling for gender, age and residence. The results show that parents’ emphasis on education has almost the same effect on children as the parents’ education level. We attempt to make a comparison between the correlation in Iceland and in other countries, in particular the four Nordic countries that have a weaker transmission between generations than most other nations. We find that it is lower in Iceland than the Nordic average. Finally, we find that the influence of parents has not changed much over time by omitting the youngest cohort between the ages of 24 and 35.

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