scholarly journals Growth Kinetic Model for Microalgae Cultivation in Open Raceway Ponds: A System Dynamics Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1317-1336
Author(s):  
Francesco Romagnoli ◽  
Anton Rayan Priyasad Perera Weerasuriya-Arachchige ◽  
Riccardo Paoli ◽  
Maksims Feofilovs ◽  
Baiba Ievina
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Open Raceway Pond ◽  
Raceway Pond ◽  
Microalgae Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Raceway Ponds

Abstract Microalgae culture has the potential to play an essential role in the application of circular economy principles. Microalgae cultivation allows utilizing industrial side-waste streams while ensuring biomass for a wide range of applications in the industrial sector. Specifically, cultivation in outdoor open raceway ponds are a preferred solution due to low costs, ease of operation and large-scale application. However, the economic viability of the cultivation system largely depends on the amount of biomass produced, the technology implemented and the microalgae species and strains. For this purpose, screening of numerous physical, chemical, and environmental factors affecting microalgae growth must be performed before implementing large-scale microalgae cultivation systems. Furthermore, to obtain the highest biomass yield, the design and operating parameters for open raceway pond cultivation must be investigated in depth. Therefore, this study proposes a kinetic growth model for microalgae cultivation in open raceway ponds based on System Dynamics modelling approach. The proposed model aims at overcoming the major problems of existing growth evaluation tools such as separate assessment of different parameters, high complexity, time consumption and other challenges. The proposed system dynamics model proves to be a simple yet powerful tool for modelling the behaviour of algae biomass in an open raceway pond.

In situ carbon supplementation in large-scale cultivations of Spirulina platensis in open raceway pond

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilu Bao ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Xia Wu ◽  
Wei Cong ◽  
Zhengxiang Ning
Keyword(s):  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Open Raceway Pond ◽  
Raceway Pond

A study on large scale cultivation of Microcystis aeruginosa under open raceway pond at semi-continuous mode for biodiesel production

2014 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeramuthu Ashokkumar ◽  
Elango Agila ◽  
Zainal Salam ◽  
Mohanadoss Ponraj ◽  
Mohd Fadhil Md Din ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Open Raceway Pond ◽  
Raceway Pond ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

scholarly journals Comparing Harvest Productivity of the Filamentous Alga Oedogonium with Microalgae

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca O'Connell ◽  
Ann C. Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Filamentous Alga ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Open Raceway Pond ◽  
Raceway Pond ◽  
Pond Culture ◽  
Fuel Source ◽  
Recent Attention ◽  
Co2 Addition ◽  
Raceway Ponds

As the planet is faced with depletion of its natural resources, alternative and sustainable energy sources are becoming increasingly sought after.  Research on the growth of algae has revealed their potential for carbon capture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and for conversion into a fuel source for bioenergy applications.  Filamentous algae have attracted recent attention as an optimal species due to their ease of harvest and dominance over other species.  To determine the most suitable species for future biomass applications, a 1000-L open raceway pond was inoculated with the freshwater filamentous alga, Oedogonium.  The pond culture was harvested weekly to determine the effects of CO2 addition on culture density (mg VSS/L) and harvest productivity (g VSS/m2-day).  An additional two 1000-L raceway ponds with established cultures of microalgae already receiving CO2 were used as a comparison to the growth of Oedogonium.  After 3 weeks, Oedogonium harvest productivity exceeded both microalgal ponds at 13.7 (± 0.2) g VSS/m2-day compared to 9.3 (± 0.7) and 9.5 (± 0.3) g VSS/m2-day for the microalgae.

scholarly journals Microalgal Biomass Generation via Electroflotation: A Cost-Effective Dewatering Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9053
Author(s):  
Jaison Jeevanandam ◽  
Mohd Razif Harun ◽  
Sie Yon Lau ◽  
Divine D. Sewu ◽  
Michael K. Danquah
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Microalgae Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Cell Densities

Microalgae are an excellent source of bioactive compounds for the production of a wide range of vital consumer products in the biofuel, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, and agricultural industries, in addition to huge upstream benefits relating to carbon dioxide biosequestration and wastewater treatment. However, energy-efficient, cost-effective, and scalable microalgal technologies for commercial-scale applications are limited, and this has significantly impacted the full-scale implementation of microalgal biosystems for bioproduct development, phycoremediation, and biorefinery applications. Microalgae culture dewatering continues to be a major challenge to large-scale biomass generation, and this is primarily due to the low cell densities of microalgal cultures and the small hydrodynamic size of microalgal cells. With such biophysical characteristics, energy-intensive solid–liquid separation processes such as centrifugation and filtration are generally used for continuous generation of biomass in large-scale settings, making dewatering a major contributor to the microalgae bioprocess economics. This article analyzes the potential of electroflotation as a cost-effective dewatering process that can be integrated into microalgae bioprocesses for continuous biomass production. Electroflotation hinges on the generation of fine bubbles at the surface of an electrode system to entrain microalgal particulates to the surface. A modification of electroflotation, which combines electrocoagulation to catalyze the coalescence of microalgae cells before gaseous entrainment, is also discussed. A technoeconomic appraisal of the prospects of electroflotation compared with other dewatering technologies is presented.

scholarly journals Comparison of Microalgae Cultivation in Photobioreactor, Open Raceway Pond, and a Two-Stage Hybrid System

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh R. Narala ◽  
Sourabh Garg ◽  
Kalpesh K. Sharma ◽  
Skye R. Thomas-Hall ◽  
Miklos Deme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Open Raceway Pond ◽  
Raceway Pond

scholarly journals The Strategies for the Production of Biodiesel through Eco-Friendly Microalgal Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 648-656
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Open Raceway Pond ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Raceway Pond ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Viable Method ◽  
Industrial Demand

The fast depleting energy sources and other environmental concerns, like carbon emissions, have led the scientific community on a race against time to find an ecofriendly, sustainable and renewable source of energy. Biofuels obtained from domestic used materials cannot practically satisfy the existing demand for an industrial fuel. Biodiesel is mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats. The major advantage of biodiesel is that it can be used directly into existing engines without any modifications. One of the potential sources for renewable biodiesel production which can effectively supply biodiesel for international and industrial demand is microalgae. Besides production of biofuels microalgae have been seen as a potential source for a number of areas including pharmaceuticals, nutrition and aquaculture. This review discusses on the different aspects, challenges and current scenario in the biodiesel production from microalgae. Cultivation of a high yielding marine microalgal strain in a very economical and well scrutinised open raceway pond could prove to be the key to future of energy sector. Various lipid enhancement methods and proposed culture methods are also discussed. On an industrial perspective, a well-engineered and continuously monitored open raceway pond for cultivation of marine micro algae seems to be a promising economically viable method for production of biofuel.

Electron microscopy study of reactively sputter-deposited Ti/N films on silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1362-1363
Author(s):  
V. C. Kannan ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
S. Chittipeddi ◽  
F. D. Nkansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fcc Phase ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Titanium nitride (TiN) films have historically been used as diffusion barrier between silicon and aluminum, as an adhesion layer for tungsten deposition and as an interconnect material etc. Recently, the role of TiN films as contact barriers in very large scale silicon integrated circuits (VLSI) has been extensively studied. TiN films have resistivities on the order of 20μ Ω-cm which is much lower than that of titanium (nearly 66μ Ω-cm). Deposited TiN films show resistivities which vary from 20 to 100μ Ω-cm depending upon the type of deposition and process conditions. TiNx is known to have a NaCl type crystal structure for a wide range of compositions. Change in color from metallic luster to gold reflects the stabilization of the TiNx (FCC) phase over the close packed Ti(N) hexagonal phase. It was found that TiN (1:1) ideal composition with the FCC (NaCl-type) structure gives the best electrical property.

THE SOME QUESTIONS OF AUTONOMOUS MOTION AND MANAGEMENT OF LAND-MOBILE ROBOTIC COMPLEXES FOR UKRAINIAN GROUND FORCESE

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
О. Кravchuk ◽  
V. Symonenkov ◽  
I. Symonenkova ◽  
O. Hryhorev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Information Management Systems ◽  
Robotic Devices ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

Today, more than forty countries of the world are engaged in the development of military-purpose robots. A number of unique mobile robots with a wide range of capabilities are already being used by combat and intelligence units of the Armed forces of the developed world countries to conduct battlefield intelligence and support tactical groups. At present, the issue of using the latest information technology in the field of military robotics is thoroughly investigated, and the creation of highly effective information management systems in the land-mobile robotic complexes has acquired a new phase associated with the use of distributed information and sensory systems and consists in the transition from application of separate sensors and devices to the construction of modular information subsystems, which provide the availability of various data sources and complex methods of information processing. The purpose of the article is to investigate the ways to increase the autonomy of the land-mobile robotic complexes using in a non-deterministic conditions of modern combat. Relevance of researches is connected with the necessity of creation of highly effective information and control systems in the perspective robotic means for the needs of Land Forces of Ukraine. The development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine management system based on the criteria adopted by the EU and NATO member states is one of the main directions of increasing the effectiveness of the use of forces (forces), which involves achieving the principles and standards necessary for Ukraine to become a member of the EU and NATO. The inherent features of achieving these criteria will be the transition to a reduction of tasks of the combined-arms units and the large-scale use of high-precision weapons and land remote-controlled robotic devices. According to the views of the leading specialists in the field of robotics, the automation of information subsystems and components of the land-mobile robotic complexes can increase safety, reliability, error-tolerance and the effectiveness of the use of robotic means by standardizing the necessary actions with minimal human intervention, that is, a significant increase in the autonomy of the land-mobile robotic complexes for the needs of Land Forces of Ukraine.

Stirring and aeration system for the upgrading of small waste water treatment plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Höfken ◽  
Katharina Zähringer ◽  
Franz Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Basic Fluid ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Technical Realization ◽  
Wide Range

A novel agitating system has been developed which allows for individual or combined operation of stirring and aeration processes. Basic fluid mechanical considerations led to the innovative hyperboloid design of the stirrer body, which ensures high efficiencies in the stirring and the aeration mode, gentle circulation with low shear forces, excellent controllability, and a wide range of applications. This paper presents the basic considerations which led to the operating principle, the technical realization of the system and experimental results in a large-scale plant. The characteristics of the system and the differences to other stirring and aeration systems are illustrated. Details of the technical realization are shown, which conform to the specific demands of applications in the biological treatment of waste water. Special regard is given to applications in the upgrading of small compact waste water treatment plants.

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