scholarly journals Why Biopolymer Packaging Materials are Better

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeeshika Silva ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract The upcoming packaging material trend is bio-polymeric materials since it has shown tremendous potential in practical scenarios. Even though there have been experiments performed regarding material developments, there is still no confirmation about how uncertain the developments will be. A few statistical approaches were carried out in this work to identify the role of biopolymers as a packaging material based on their thermo-mechanical and physical properties and potential compared to other packaging materials. To determine the potential of biopolymer, it is compared with other package materials currently in demand. There are three main steps in the research. The first stage is an analysis of selected different packaging materials based on Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique. The material properties are analysed through the criteria of TOPSIS analysis. The ideal and negative ideal alternatives have been identified. Biopolymers have an outcome as the final best alternative among others. To confirm the TOPSIS results and its uncertainties, a sensitivity analysis is performed. This sensitivity analysis was performed in two phases. The first step is a regression analysis of the weighted parameters and input variables of the TOPSIS scheme. The second step is the variation of weights in a unitary variation ratio to identify the order of the TOPSIS results at each variation. Finally, all the results have concluded that the research intention has been fulfilled by performing TOPSIS and the sensitivity analysis has also confirmed this decision.

Bayesian and Sensitivity Analysis Approaches to Modelling the Direct Solar Irradiance

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Lauret ◽  
Mathieu David ◽  
Eric Fock ◽  
Laetitia Adelard
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Bayesian Techniques ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, emphasis is put on the design of a neural network to model the direct solar irradiance. Since unfortunately a neural network (NN) is not a statistician in-a-box, building a NN for a particular problem is a non trivial task. As a consequence, we argue that in order to properly model the direct solar irradiance, a systematic methodology must be employed. For this purpose, we propose a two-step approach to building the NN model. The first step deals with a probabilistic interpretation of the NN learning by using Bayesian techniques. The Bayesian approach to modelling offers significant advantages over the classical NN learning process. Among others, one can cite a) automatic complexity control of the NN using all the available data b) selection of the most important input variables. The second step consists in using a new sensitivity analysis-based pruning method in order to infer the optimal NN structure. We show that the combination of the two approaches makes the practical implementation of the Bayesian techniques more reliable.

scholarly journals The microperforated packaging design and evaluation of shelf life of fresh-sliced mushrooms

10.5219/1530 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Özlem Kizilirmak Esmer ◽  
Erinç Koçak ◽  
Aslı Şahiner ◽  
Can Türksever ◽  
Pinar Akin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
High Respiration Rate ◽  
Fresh Cut

Fresh mushrooms have a very short shelf life, of 1 – 3 days because of their high respiration rate and lack of cuticles that protect the plant from external factors. In the case of fresh-sliced mushrooms, they will be more susceptible to spoilage reactions due to the increase in respiration rate as a result of a broader surface area. Conventional packaging materials can not meet the requirements for modified atmosphere packaging of fresh-sliced mushrooms. One of the techniques to extend the fresh-cut produce shelf life is the passive modification of modified atmosphere packaging technology. For highly respiring fresh-cut produce such as fresh-sliced mushrooms, the permeability properties of the polymeric materials might not be enough to provide an equilibrium gas concentration in the passive modification of modified atmosphere technology. In this case, the microperforated packaging materials can be used for passive modification of fresh-cut produce. But the microperforation process needs a design for the application of the appropriate number and diameter of microholes to meet the requirements of passive modified atmosphere packaging. For this reason in this research, the design of the microperforation process to be used in passive modified atmosphere packaging was based on the diameter and the number of microholes, and the shelf life of fresh-sliced mushrooms was determined. The samples were stored at 15 °C/80% RH, and pH, color, weight loss, textural, sensorial, and microbial analysis were performed periodically during storage. It was determined that the empirical equation used in this research can be applied to microperforated packaging design for fresh-sliced mushrooms. The shelf life of the fresh-sliced mushrooms packaged with microperforated packaging material was 8 days, while it was less than 7 days (4, 5, or 6 days) when packaged with non-microperforated packaging material. This result shows that the use of microperforated packaging material is effective in extending the shelf life of fresh-sliced mushrooms.

scholarly journals Material efficiency in Dutch packaging policy

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (1986) ◽  
pp. 20110570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Worrell ◽  
Mariësse A. E van Sluisveld
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Waste Prevention ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Policy Measures

Packaging materials are one of the largest contributors to municipal solid waste generation. In this paper, we evaluate the material impacts of packaging policy in The Netherlands, focusing on the role of material efficiency (or waste prevention). Since 1991, five different policies have been implemented to reduce the environmental impact of packaging. The analysis shows that Dutch packaging policies helped to reduce the total packaging volume until 1999. After 2000, packaging consumption increased more rapidly than the baseline, suggesting that policy measures were not effective. Generally, we see limited attention to material efficiency to reduce packaging material use. For this purpose, we tried to gain more insight in recent activities on material efficiency, by building a database of packaging prevention initiatives. We identified 131 alterations to packaging implemented in the period 2005–2010, of which weight reduction was the predominant approach. More appropriate packaging policy is needed to increase the effectiveness of policies, with special attention to material efficiency.

Bayesian and Sensitivity Analysis Approaches to Modeling the Direct Solar Irradiance

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Lauret ◽  
Mathieu David ◽  
Eric Fock ◽  
Alain Bastide ◽  
Carine Riviere
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Bayesian Techniques ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, emphasis is put on the design of a neural network (NN) to model the direct solar irradiance. Since, unfortunately, a neural network is not a statistician-in-a-box, building a NN for a particular problem is a nontrivial task. As a consequence, we argue that in order to properly model the direct solar irradiance, a systematic methodology must be employed. For this purpose, we propose a two-step approach to building the NN model. The first step deals with a probabilistic interpretation of the NN learning by using Bayesian techniques. The Bayesian approach to modeling offers significant advantages over the classical NN learning process. Among others, one can cite (i) automatic complexity control of the NN using all the available data and (ii) selection of the most important input variables. The second step consists of using a new sensitivity analysis-based pruning method in order to infer the optimal NN structure. We show that the combination of the two approaches makes the practical implementation of the Bayesian techniques more reliable.

scholarly journals The Feasibility of Irradiated Bioplastics As Future Packaging Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S3) ◽  
pp. 1422-1425
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Food Packaging Materials ◽  
The Future ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Toxic Fumes

For bioplastic materials, the role of radiation in shaping their performance has received growing scholarly interest. Notably, bioplastic materials refer to substances manufactured using organic biomass components. To prepare these substances, different processes are implemented. For hightechnology firms, specialty plastics are required, especially those with specific responses upon being exposed to radiation. In the recent years, the majority of food packaging materials have received approval relative to the aspect of irradiation. However, the extent to which these substances could be safe has proved challenging to unearth; with the industry charged with food and regulation guidelines on focus. of importance to note is that the bioplastic materials come with several benefits. Some of these merits include the affirmation that they do not generate toxic fumes and that they also reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, which would be the case if other unrelated materials were used. The central aim of this review paper is to examine the degree to which irradiated bioplastic materials could prove feasible relative to their use as packaging materials in the future.

Baboon Fibrinogen Adsorption and Platelet Adhesion to Polymeric Materials

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (05) ◽  
pp. 608-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A Chinn ◽  
Thomas A Horbett ◽  
Buddy D Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Platelet Suspension ◽  
Perfusion Chamber ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Fibrinogen Adsorption

SummaryThe role of fibrinogen in mediating platelet adhesion to polymers exposed to blood plasma was studied by comparison of the effect of plasma dilution on fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion, and by the use of coagulation factor deficient plasmas. Polyetherurethane substrates were first preadsorbed with dilute plasma, then contacted with washed platelets suspended in a modified, apyrase containing Tyrode’s buffer. Platelet adhesion was studied under static conditions in Multiwell dishes, and also under shearing conditions using a parallel plate perfusion chamber. Fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion were measured using 125I radiolabeled baboon fibrinogen and min radiolabeled baboon platelets, respectively. Surfaces were characterized by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA).When fibrinogen adsorption to Biomer was measured after 2 h contact with a series of dilute plasma solutions under static conditions, a peak in adsorption was observed from 0.26% plasma, i.e., adsorption was greater from 0.26% plasma than from either more or less dilute plasma. A peak in subsequent platelet adhesion to the plasma preadsorbed surfaces, measured after 2 h static incubation with washed platelets, was also observed but occurred on Biomer preadsorbed with 1.0% plasma.When fibrinogen adsorption was measured after 5 min contact under shearing conditions, the fibrinogen adsorption peak occurred on surfaces that had been exposed to 1.0% plasma. A peak in platelet adhesion to these preadsorbed surfaces, measured after 5 min contact with the platelet suspensions under shearing conditions, was observed on Biomer preadsorbed with 0.1% plasma. Shifts between the positions of the peaks in protein adsorption and platelet adhesion occurred on other polymers tested as well.Platelet adhesion was almost completely inhibited when baboon and human plasmas lacking fibrinogen (i. e., serum, heat defibrinogenated plasma, and congenitally afibrinogénémie plasma) were used. Platelet adhesion was restored to near normal when exogenous fibrinogen was added to fibrinogen deficient plasmas. Adhesion was also inhibited completely when a monoclonal antibody directed against the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex was added to the platelet suspension. Platelet adhesion to surfaces preadsorbed to von Willebrand factor deficient plasma was the same as to surfaces preadsorbed with normal plasma.While it appears that surface bound fibrinogen does mediate the initial attachment of platelets to Biomer, the observation that the fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion maxima do not coincide exactly also suggests that the degree of subsequent platelet adhesion is dictated not only by the amount of surface bound fibrinogen but also by its conformation.

They think they find themselves: radical violence and narcissistic-identity suffering

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Lone Wolf ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ideal Ego ◽  
Group Regression ◽  
The Ideal

This article proposes a model of individual violent radicalisation leading to acts of terrorism. After reviewing the role of group regression and the creation of group psychic apparatus, the article will examine how violent radicalisation, by the reversal of the importance of the superego and the ideal ego, serves to compensate the narcissistic identity suffering by “lone wolf” terrorists.

Mereka yang Tidak Dibayar Tinggi: Ibuisme, Taman Kanak-kanak, dan Kampung di Indramayu

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mochammad Arief Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Kindergarten Teachers ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Community Pressure ◽  
The Village ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Ideal

The ideology of state-ibuism has always been interwoven with how the New Order regime until nowadays government constructing the “ideal” role of women in the family and community through the PKK (Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga) organization. However, in Cangkring Village, Indramayu, the ideology of ibuism works not because of the massive government regulating the role of women through the PKK organization, but it is possible because of the structure of the kampung community itself. Through involved observations and in-depth interviews about a kindergarten in the village, a group of housewives who dedicated themselves to teaching in kindergarten were met without getting paid high. From these socio-cultural phenomenons, this paper will describe descriptively and analytically that housewives in the Cangkring village are willing to become kindergarten teachers because of their moral burden as part of the warga kampung and also from community pressure from people who want their children to be able to read and write.

Study of Possible Relation between Fasting Plasma Glucagon, Gestational Diabetes and Development of Type 2 DM

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Okba ◽  
Salwa Seddik Hosny ◽  
Alyaa Elsherbeny ◽  
Manal Mohsin Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Glucagon ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Phases

Background and Aims: Women who develop GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus) have a relative insulin secretion deficiency, the severity of which may be predictive for later development of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the role of fasting plasma glucagon in the prediction of later development of diabetes in pregnant women with GDM. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 150 pregnant women with GDM after giving informed oral and written consents and being approved by the research ethical committee according to the declaration of Helsinki. The study was conducted in two phases, first phase during pregnancy and the second one was 6 months post-partum, as we measured fasting plasma glucagon before and after delivery together with fasting and 2 hour post-prandial plasma sugar. Results: Our findings suggested that glucagon levels significantly increased after delivery in the majority 14/25 (56%) of GDM women who developed type 2 DM within 6 months after delivery compared to 6/20 (30%) patients with impaired fasting plasma glucose (IFG) and only 22/105 (20%) non DM women, as the median glucagon levels were 80,76, 55, respectively. Also, there was a high statistical difference between fasting plasma glucagon post-delivery among diabetic and non-diabetic women (p ≤ 0.001). These results indicated the useful role of assessing fasting plasma glucagon before and after delivery in patients with GDM to predict the possibility of type 2 DM. Conclusion: There is a relatively high glucagon level in GDM patients, which is a significant pathogenic factor in the incidence of subsequent diabetes in women with a history of GDM. This could be important in the design of follow-up programs for women with previous GDM.

The Kinney Three Paragraphs (and More) for Accounting Ph.D. Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Student Experiences ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Empirical Accounting Research

SYNOPSIS This Commentary is intended to help beginning Ph.D. students identify, evaluate, and communicate essential components of proposed empirical accounting research using a three-step process. The first step is a structured top-down approach of writing answers to three related questions—What, Why, How—that emphasize the central role of conceptual thinking in research design, as well as practical relevance. The second step is a predictive validity assessment that anticipates concerns likely to arise in the scholarly review process, and the third is consideration of the likely outcome and potential problems to be encountered if the proposal is implemented as planned. First-hand accounts of Ph.D. student experiences using the three paragraphs and three-step approach are presented, along with an exercise that beginners can use to help themselves identify, analyze, and anticipate problems to improve chances for research success ex ante.

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