scholarly journals Material efficiency in Dutch packaging policy

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (1986) ◽  
pp. 20110570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Worrell ◽  
Mariësse A. E van Sluisveld
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Waste Prevention ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Policy Measures

Packaging materials are one of the largest contributors to municipal solid waste generation. In this paper, we evaluate the material impacts of packaging policy in The Netherlands, focusing on the role of material efficiency (or waste prevention). Since 1991, five different policies have been implemented to reduce the environmental impact of packaging. The analysis shows that Dutch packaging policies helped to reduce the total packaging volume until 1999. After 2000, packaging consumption increased more rapidly than the baseline, suggesting that policy measures were not effective. Generally, we see limited attention to material efficiency to reduce packaging material use. For this purpose, we tried to gain more insight in recent activities on material efficiency, by building a database of packaging prevention initiatives. We identified 131 alterations to packaging implemented in the period 2005–2010, of which weight reduction was the predominant approach. More appropriate packaging policy is needed to increase the effectiveness of policies, with special attention to material efficiency.

Health determinants in Canadian northern environmental impact assessment

Polar Record ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Bronson ◽  
Bram F. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Limited Attention

The need to address the human health implications of northern development is well founded, and the role of health determinants in environmental impact assessment is increasingly recognised; however, there is limited understanding of the nature of health determinants and current practices in northern project assessment and decision making. This paper reports on a study of the nature and use of health determinants in Canadian northern environmental impact assessment, and discusses the key challenges to, and opportunities for, improved practice. Four themes emerged from this study. First, the consideration of health is limited to physical environments and the physical determinants of health, with limited attention to broader social and cultural health determinants. Second, when health is considered in northern project impact assessments such considerations rarely carry forward to post-project approval monitoring of health determinants and evaluation of health impact management programmes. Third, while there is general consensus that health determinants should be an integral part of northern impact assessment, there exist different expectations of the role of health determinants in project evaluation and decision making due in large part to different understandings and interpretations of health. Finally, a broader conceptualisation of health and health determinants in northern environmental impact assessment is required; one that takes into consideration northern cultures and knowledge systems, and is adaptive to local context, geography and life cycles.

scholarly journals Why Biopolymer Packaging Materials are Better

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeeshika Silva ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract The upcoming packaging material trend is bio-polymeric materials since it has shown tremendous potential in practical scenarios. Even though there have been experiments performed regarding material developments, there is still no confirmation about how uncertain the developments will be. A few statistical approaches were carried out in this work to identify the role of biopolymers as a packaging material based on their thermo-mechanical and physical properties and potential compared to other packaging materials. To determine the potential of biopolymer, it is compared with other package materials currently in demand. There are three main steps in the research. The first stage is an analysis of selected different packaging materials based on Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique. The material properties are analysed through the criteria of TOPSIS analysis. The ideal and negative ideal alternatives have been identified. Biopolymers have an outcome as the final best alternative among others. To confirm the TOPSIS results and its uncertainties, a sensitivity analysis is performed. This sensitivity analysis was performed in two phases. The first step is a regression analysis of the weighted parameters and input variables of the TOPSIS scheme. The second step is the variation of weights in a unitary variation ratio to identify the order of the TOPSIS results at each variation. Finally, all the results have concluded that the research intention has been fulfilled by performing TOPSIS and the sensitivity analysis has also confirmed this decision.

scholarly journals The Role of Socio-Economic and Cultural Factors in Municipal Solid Waste Generation: A Case Study in Taman Perling, Johor Bahru

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Badruddin Mohd. Yusof ◽  
Fadil Othman ◽  
Normala Hashim ◽  
Nur Cahaya Ali
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Satu daripada masalah utama dalam pembangunan sistem pengurusan sisa pepejal bersepadu di Malaysia ialah kekurangan data menyeluruh tentang penjanaan dan komposisi sisa. Perkara ini perlu diatasi demi memudahkan perancangan pengurusan pada masa akan datang. Walaupun terdapat banyak kajian tentang sisa pepejal, antaranya ialah Abd. Karim et al. (1996), Sabarinah (1997), dan Salim et al. (1994), tetapi model dan pendekatan yang lebih jelas masih diperlukan bagi menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhi penjanaan sisa pepejal oleh sesebuah komuniti di Malaysia. Kajian yang telah dijalankan di Taman Perling, Johor Bahru mendapati bahawa faktor pendapatan, pendidikan, lain-lain faktor kemasyarakatan kurang mempengaruhi jumlan penjanaan sisa pepejal domestik. Hanya faktor saiz isi rumah dan cara hidup menunjukkan korelasi terhadap jumlah sisa yang dijana. Jumlah sisa berkorelasi secara positif dengan saiz isi rumah, tetapi berkorelasi secara negatif terhadap kekerapan makan di luar rumah. Ini bermakna, pada lazimnya, keluarga besar menjana jumlah sisa yang lebih banyak daripada keluarga yang bersaiz kecil. Begitu juga dengan mereka yang jarang mengunjungi restoran atau gerai makan didapati menghasilkan sisa lebih berbanding keluarga yang kerap makan di luar rumah. Hasil kajian memberi perspektif yang baru terhadap teori penjanaan sisa yang selama ini kerap mengaitkan aspek pendapatan dan faktor sosioekonomi dengan jumlah sisa domestik. Penemuan ini juga mengajar kita supaya lebih prihatin terhadap faktor sosial dan gaya hidup yang mempengaruhi tren penjanaan sisa, seterusnya dalam usaha menangani masalah pengurusan sisa pepejal domestik pada masa akan datang. Kata kunci: sisa domestik; faktor sosioekonomi; saiz keluarga; cara hidup dan tabiat pemakanan The absence of a comprehensive database on solid waste generation and composition appears to be the major drawback to the development of an integrated waste management system in Malaysia. While many studies have been conducted on related fields, such as Abd. Karim et al. (1996), Sabarinah (1997) and Salim et al. (1994), there is still a lack of clear model or approach in determining attributes influencing the amount of wastes generated by our community. A study conducted in Taman Perling, Johor Bahru has showns that such as attributes as income, education, and other socio-economic factors barely affect the amount of waste generated. It seems that only family size and lifestyle factors, particularly the eating habits of residents, contribute significantly to variations in the generation of residential waste in the study area. While the amount increases with the size of family, it decreases as the respondents dine out more often. This study suggests new insights concerning the role of social factors and lifestyle in affecting the generation of household waste. Key words: Domestic waste generation; socio-economic factors; family size; lifestyle; eating habits

scholarly journals Identificação de Resíduos em uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Silmara Thais Mariosa ◽  
Márcia Keller Alves
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Metallurgical Company ◽  
Per Capita

A análise quantitativa da geração de resíduos sólidos no setor de refeições coletivas pode ser usada como indicativo de desperdício em uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN), prevenindo perdas econômicas e reduzindo o impacto ambiental causado pelos resíduos. O estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a geração de resíduos sólidos em uma UAN inserida em uma empresa do ramo metalúrgico. Foram avaliados os resíduos sólidos durante cinco dias alternados, sendo um dia em cada semana. Para servir 1.407 refeições foram gerados 134.925 g de resíduos sólidos alimentares, resultando em um per capita de 95,89 g/pessoa e 27.114 g de resíduos sólidos não alimentares, per capita de 19,27 g/pessoa. Do total de resíduos, 32,17% foram gerados no pré-preparo; 21,21% foram gerados no resto ingestão; 19,21% foram de sobra suja; 18,80% foram de resíduos não alimentares e 7,90% referentes à sobra limpa. Conclui-se que a UAN apresentou uma quantidade de resíduos sólidos per capita inferior aos valores reportados pela literatura, porém o controle de desperdício deve ser aplicado, constantemente, para dar continuidade na redução do desperdício alimentar e na geração de resíduos. Palavras-chave: Resíduos Sólidos. Nutrição. Desperdício de Alimentos. AbstractThe quantitative analysis of waste generation in the collective meal sector can be used as an indicator of waste in a Food and Nutrition Unit (FNU), preventing economic losses and reducing the environmental impact caused by the waste. This study aimed to quantify solid waste generation in a FNU inserted in a metallurgical company. The residues were evaluated during five alternate days, being one day in each week. In order to  serve 1,407 meals, 134,925 g of solid food waste was generated, resulting in a per capita of 95.89 g/person and 27,114 g of non-food solids per capita of 19.27 g/person. Of the total waste, 32.17% was generated in the pre-preparation; 21.21% was generated in the rest ingestion; 19.21% was dirty leftover food; 18.80% was disposable waste and 7.90% was clean waste. It is concluded that FNU presented a quantity of solid waste per capita lower than the values reported in the literature, but the waste control must be applied constantly to continue the reduction of food waste and waste generation. Keywords: Solid Residues. Nutrition Unit. Food Waste.

Sustainable Packaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth R.T. White ◽  
David Sarpong ◽  
Vera Ndrecaj
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Sustainable Packaging ◽  
Internal Costs

The issue of sustainability has attracted considerable attention over the last decade and has been accompanied by the development of stringent packaging material legislation for firms. Drawing on a single case approach, this paper examines the operational challenges faced by manufacturing SMEs as they strive to meet the expectations and requirements of increasingly demanding sustainable packaging regulations. The findings highlight the internal costs and complexities that are faced by manufacturing firms when complying with the regulations. It suggests that some firms may face financial and technical constraints that prevent them from reporting the significant efforts that they are making to improving packaging materials. More significantly it identifies the seemingly insurmountable problems that are faced by SMEs when confronted with powerful upstream or downstream supply chain partners that are resistant to improvement initiatives. This can result in organisations acting in a self-interested manner and consequently, the cumulative environmental impact of the supply chain is greater than it may be if organisations were more environmentally cooperative.

Tensile Properties Evaluation of Paper Pulp Packaging at Different Sections and Orientations on the Egg Tray

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 542-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Masni-Azian ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed Choudhury ◽  
Haeryip Sihombing ◽  
M.Yaakob Yuhazri
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Base Surface ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Specimen Orientation

Paper-based material has been frequently used as part of packaging solution as an option towards reducing municipal solid waste generation. Various studies on mechanical behaviour of paper-pulp packaging material have been conducted based on the machining direction and cross machining direction. However, there is still gap of information on paper-pulp packaging material behaviour at diagonal direction. A study has been conducted to investigate the variability to tensile properties of paper-pulp packaging at various packaging section (draft and base surface) and different specimen orientation (horizontal, vertical, and diagonal direction). In this research, results from the stress-strain relationship obtained from tensile and compression tests are presented. The data obtained are further analysed using ANOVA to find out whether material variations are significantly different with varying sections and orientations. Findings in this research supported the anisotropic properties of paper-based packaging material. Draft surfaces exhibit weaker strength than base surface. Also, the variability of stiffness and strength of specimens are more significant in horizontal and vertical direction compared to diagonal direction.

scholarly journals The Role of Waste Management in Control of Rabies: A Neglected Issue

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Nicolette Wright ◽  
Deepak Subedi ◽  
Saurav Pantha ◽  
Krishna Prasad Acharya ◽  
Louis Hendrik Nel
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Implementing Strategies ◽  
Collection And Management

Despite being vaccine preventable, the global burden of dog rabies remains significant, and historically it is the rural and marginalized communities in developing countries of Africa and Asia that are most threatened by the disease. In recent years, the developing world has been experiencing unprecedented increases in urbanization, with a correspondingly massive increase in municipal solid waste generation, among other things. Inefficient and inadequate waste collection and management, due to lack of resources and planning, led to significant increases in the volumes of waste on the streets and in open dumps, where it serves as food sources for free-roaming dogs. In this commentary, we discuss examples of poor waste management and the likely impact on rabies control efforts through the sustenance of free-roaming dogs in some dog rabies-endemic countries. We aim to stress the importance of implementing strategies that effectively address this particular issue as an important component of humane dog population management, as it relates to aspirations for the control and elimination of dog rabies per se.

scholarly journals What Key Drivers Are Needed to Implement Material Efficiency Strategies? An Analysis of the Electrical and Electronic Industry in Malaysia and Its Implications to Practitioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2065
Author(s):  
Fu Haw Ho ◽  
Salwa Hanim Abdul-Rashid ◽  
Raja Ariffin Raja Ghazilla ◽  
Novita Sakundarini ◽  
Yoke Ling Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Hierarchy Process

A circular economy can be achieved by the efficient use of materials across different industries and sectors. In the manufacturing sectors, practicing material efficiency is one of the effective strategies to reduce material usage and solid waste generation. However, due to many unknown factors, such as key drivers to enhance material efficiency, most of the time, manufacturers are practicing at the minimum level of material saving. This study aims to examine the key drivers of material efficiency among electrical and electronic (E&E) companies to fulfill the aims of sustainable manufacturing. The data collection and synthesis were conducted using semi-structured interviews and an analytical hierarchy process survey. In this study, thirteen key drivers were found. Five internal drivers and eight external drivers with different priorities were found to influence E&E companies in the practice of material efficiency strategies. In addition, the drivers’ implications to different practitioner groups are suggested. To conclude, achieving material efficiency can be done effectively if the incentivized key drivers are clearly notified. This research is important to show the key drivers that influence the implementation of material efficiency strategies in the E&E industries.

Assessment of Environmental Impact of Solid Waste Generation and Disposal in Sokoto Metropolis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. p8945
Author(s):  
Mustapha Ibrahim ◽  
Lawali Barau ◽  
Mansur Alhassan ◽  
Zainab Sambo Gidadawa ◽  
Hayatu Dan Galadima
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Solid Waste Generation

scholarly journals The Feasibility of Irradiated Bioplastics As Future Packaging Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S3) ◽  
pp. 1422-1425
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Food Packaging Materials ◽  
The Future ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Toxic Fumes

For bioplastic materials, the role of radiation in shaping their performance has received growing scholarly interest. Notably, bioplastic materials refer to substances manufactured using organic biomass components. To prepare these substances, different processes are implemented. For hightechnology firms, specialty plastics are required, especially those with specific responses upon being exposed to radiation. In the recent years, the majority of food packaging materials have received approval relative to the aspect of irradiation. However, the extent to which these substances could be safe has proved challenging to unearth; with the industry charged with food and regulation guidelines on focus. of importance to note is that the bioplastic materials come with several benefits. Some of these merits include the affirmation that they do not generate toxic fumes and that they also reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, which would be the case if other unrelated materials were used. The central aim of this review paper is to examine the degree to which irradiated bioplastic materials could prove feasible relative to their use as packaging materials in the future.

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