scholarly journals Optimization of the Effective Heat Supply Radius for the District Heating Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Stennikov ◽  
Ekaterina Mednikova ◽  
Ivan Postnikov ◽  
Andrey Penkovskii
Keyword(s):  
Heat Supply ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Markov Random ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Transportation Distance ◽  
Nonlinear Optimization Methods

Abstract The problem of determining the effective (optimal) heat supply radius is considered. Heat supply radius is transportation distance of heat energy in the district heating systems (DHS), under which the highest indices of economic efficiency of district heating to consumers are respected. To solve this difficult and multifactorial problem, a bi-level approach has been proposed. This approach allows finding the optimal frameworks of territorial areas of district heating while fulfilling the necessary requirements for thermal-hydraulic modes in heat networks and for reliability of heating to consumers. Methodology for solving the formulated problem is based on bi-level programming methods, models of Theory of hydraulic circuits, nonlinear optimization methods, nodal reliability indices (availability factor, failure-free operation probability), Markov random processes models and other methods and models. A case study has been conducted using the developed methodological apparatus for the actual DHS scheme of the Irkutsk city (Russia, Siberia).

scholarly journals Methods for the determination of the effective heating radius in district heating systems taking into account reliability

2020 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01058
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mednikova ◽  
Ivan Postnikov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Supply ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Heat Network ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
The City

Methods for determining the effective heating radius (EHR) in district heating systems (DHS) are developed, taking into account ensuring of reliable heat supply to consumers. EHR is such a length (distance) of a heat network (HN) from a district heat source (HS) to a consumer, within which the district heat supply of a given consumer is economically more profitable than a distributed (autonomic) one. Thus, the search for EHR for different transmission heat pipelines (TP) connected to the considered HS determines of its operation zones in different districts of the city. In addition, to the main problem of the EHR search, the assessment of nodal reliability indices (RI) for each consumer is carried out, on the basis of which the obtained EHR solutions are corrected (if necessary). As a result, we can determine the zones of district heating in DHS, within the framework of which not only energy and economically effective, but also reliable heat supply to consumers is provided. The developed methodical ensuring was used in the development of an optimal heat supply scheme for the Irkutsk city (Eastern Siberia, Russia). The brief review on the results of the conducted practical researches case study is presented.

scholarly journals Determination of an Effective Heating Radius in District Heating Systems in terms of Reliability

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
V. Stennikov ◽  
E. Mednikova ◽  
I. Postnikov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Supply ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Source Operation

The paper presents a method developed to determine an effective heating radius (EHR) in district heating systems (DHSs) in terms of reliable heat supply to consumers. The search for EHR for various heating mains from the considered district heating source in DHS involves identifying heat source operation zones in various city areas. At the same time, apart from the search for EHR, the nodal reliability indices are estimated for each consumer and then used (if necessary) to adjust the obtained EHR. The paper briefly discusses some of the practical research results.

Method for Redesign of District Heating Networks within Transition from the 2nd to the 3rd Generation

2014 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 689-693
Author(s):  
Răzvan Corneliu Lefter ◽  
Daniela Popescu ◽  
Alexandrina Untăroiu
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Load Duration ◽  
Load Duration Curve ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Heat Loads ◽  
Heating Networks

Important investmentsare made lately in the area of district heating, as a technology capable ofhelping countries to reach sustainability goals. In Romania, European fundswere spent for transition from the 2nd to the 3rdgeneration of district heating systems. The lack of appropriate monitoringsystems in old district heating systems makes optimisation nowadays very difficult,especially because nominal values used in the first design stage areoverestimated. Realistic nominal heat loads are necessary to make goodestimations of hydraulic parameters to be used for redesign. This studyproposes a method that uses the heat load duration curve theory to identify theappropriate nominal heat loads to be used for redesign. Comparison betweenresults obtained by applying the nominal heat loads of each consumer, as theywere established in the first design stage, and the ones identified by theproposed method are analyzed in a case study. The results show that errors arein the +/- 3% band, between the metered heat consumption rates and the proposedrates. The new method can be used for the sizing of pumps and district heatingnetworks after retrofit, in order to get better adjustments of the circulationpumps and increase of the energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Application of the Methods for Comprehensive Reliability Analysis of District Heating Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-162
Author(s):  
Ivan Postnikov
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Markov Random ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Reliability

AbstractThe general idea of the methodology for the comprehensive reliability analysis of district heating systems (DHS), developed earlier by the author of this paper, is a joint considering and modelling of each technological processes, including fuel supply to heat sources (HS), generation of heat energy by these HS and its distribution on district heating network (HN). For solving this problem different methods and models are applied: statistical testing method, Markov random processes, methods of the theory of hydraulic circuits, basic laws of district heating and heat transfer processes, etc. In this paper the main attention is paid to the results of the practical application of methods and models of a comprehensive reliability analysis of DHS using the example of calculations performed for the actual DHS scheme of the Shelekhov city (Irkutsk region, Russia). Different stages of the case study are considered, including preparation of initial data, simulation modelling of fuel supply to HS, modelling of the Markov random process describing operate of DHS, calculation of post-failure modes in HN, evaluation of nodal reliability indices (RI), decomposition analysis of reliability. Based on the analysis of calculation results some preliminary directions are formulated to the increase of reliability for studied DHS. These data are the basis for a comprehensive reliability synthesis (optimization) of DHS, the solution of which is the subject of special perspective stage in development of the research.

scholarly journals Hourly optimization and sizing of district heating systems considering building refurbishment – Case study for the city of Zagreb

Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 1264-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matija Pavičević ◽  
Tomislav Novosel ◽  
Tomislav Pukšec ◽  
Neven Duić
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Building Refurbishment ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Trends in the development of the district heating systems of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
V.O. Derii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Fuel Balance ◽  
Generation Structure ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Low Carbon Development

We considered trends in the development of district heating systems (DHS) in Europe and Ukraine. It was established that DHS are widely used and make a significant contribution to the heat supply of European countries. In the European Union as a whole, the share of DHS is 13%, and there are plans to increase it to 50% in 2050 with a wide use of cogeneration and renewable sources of energy, including environmental energy with using heat pumps. Ukraine is one of the countries with a high level of DHS, but, at present, there are negative trends to reducing their contribution to the total heat supply for heating and hot water supply – from 65.2% in 2014 to 52% in 2017. In several cities, DHS ceased to function at all. The main equipment of the DHS of Ukraine is physically worn out and technologically obsolete and needs to be renewed by means of wide reconstruction, modernization, and technological re-equipment. We determined factors and the level of their influence on the demand in thermal energy of DHS. It was established that the factors reducing demand have a much greater potential. We created forecasts of demand for thermal energy, fuel balance, and the structure of DHS generation by 2050. It is shown that the demand for thermal energy from DHS will decrease and reach about 35 million Gcal in 2050. To ensure the low-carbon development of Ukraine in the structure of thermal energy generation in DHS, the use of coal-fired CHPs and boilers, as well as boilers on petroleum products will be significantly reduced. The share of natural gas in the fuel balance of DHS of Ukraine will also decrease, but it will be the main fuel for the period of technological transformation of generating capacities under conditions of the low-carbon development of Ukraine. The use of technologies for the production of thermal energy from biomass, waste, environment, and electricity will gradually increase, and in 2050, using these sources will produce about 23.8 million Gcal, which is more than 60% of the total thermal energy of DHS. Keywords: district heating systems, thermal energy, factors of influence, demand, fuel balance, generation structure

scholarly journals Improving the efficiency of heat release regulation in centralized heat supply systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
O Shelimanova ◽  
◽  
A. Kolienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Heat Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Ensuring optimal hydraulic and thermal regimes in district heating systems (DHS) in the regulation of heat supply is an important factor in improving the energy and economic efficiency of DHS. In addition, high efficiency of the HS system is a factor that can ensure the preservation of its vital functions. Solving the problem of increasing the energy efficiency of the heat supply system is a complex problem that requires changes at all stages of heat transformation: in the energy source, heating networks and subscriber heating systems of heat consumers. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of heat dissipation control processes in district heating systems on their energy and economic efficiency, provide recommendations for improving control processes taking into account modern challenges and regulatory requirements, analyze heat dissipation temperature schedules and select the optimal temperature schedule. It is shown that the optimal is the combined quantitative and qualitative regulation of heat release, which should be carried out both at the energy source and at consumers. The paper considers the possibility of using combined control systems in the existing district heating systems of Ukrainian cities. It is shown that the achievement of high energy efficiency is possible only with the introduction of automatic individual heating points with weather control and pressure drop regulators at the inlet to the buildings in the subscriber heating systems. Calculations of the amount of heat consumption reduction of centralized heat supply systems with the introduction of optimal control systems are performed.

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