scholarly journals Formulaic Sequences as Fluency Devices in the Oral Production of Native Speakers of Polish

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Guz
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Formulaic Sequences ◽  
Oral Production ◽  
Time Ratio ◽  
Temporal Measures ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper we attempt to determine the nature and strength of the relationship between the use of formulaic sequences and productive fluency of native speakers of Polish. In particular, we seek to validate the claim that speech characterized by a higher incidence of formulaic sequences is produced more rapidly and with fewer hesitation phenomena. The analysis is based on monologic speeches delivered by 45 speakers of L1 Polish. The data include both the recordings and their transcriptions annotated for a number of objective fluency measures. In the first part of the study the total of formulaic sequences is established for each sample. This is followed by determining a set of temporal measures of the speakers' output (speech rate, articulation rate, mean length of runs, mean length of pauses, phonation time ratio). The study provides some preliminary evidence of the fluency-enhancing role of formulaic language. Our results show that the use of formulaic sequences is positively and significantly correlated with speech rate, mean length of runs and phonation time ratio. This suggests that a higher concentration of formulaic material in output is associated with faster speed of speech, longer stretches of speech between pauses and an increased amount of time filled with speech.

scholarly journals The Role of NS Personality and Experience in NS-NNS Interaction

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey M. Derwing
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Frequency Rate ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Regular Contact ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship of native speakers' (NSs) personality traits and experience interacting with non-native speakers (NNSs) to the use of conversational adjustments and differences in word frequency and speech rate. Eight ESL instructors and eight persons who had no regular contact with NNSs were asked to view a film, then tell a NS and a NNS partner its story. Transcripts of the subjects' film narratives to the listeners were examined for differences in word frequency, rate, and conversational adjustments. Although the ESL instructors used certain conversational adjustments significantly more with NNSs than did the inexperienced subjects, the two groups did not differ in terms of word frequency or rate. When subjects were grouped according to the personality traits of interpersonal affect and social participation, they did not differ in overall usage of conversational adjustments, but significant differences were found in both word frequency and speech rate.

scholarly journals Associations between neurochemical receptor genes, 2D:4D, impulsivity and relationship quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 20180642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiluned Pearce ◽  
Rafael Wlodarski ◽  
Anna Machin ◽  
Robin I. M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Romantic Relationship Quality

The ratio between the second and fourth digits (2D:4D) has been widely used as a proxy for fetal exposure to androgens and has been linked to a number of sociosexual traits in humans. However, the role of genes in this equation remains unknown. Here ( N = 474), we test, firstly, for associations between 2D:4D and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine neurochemical receptor genes ( AR, OXTR, AVPR1A, OPRM1, DRD1/2, ANKK1, 5HTR1A/2A ), and secondly, whether digit ratios mediate the relationship between genetic variation and sociosexuality. We demonstrate significant associations between AR , OPRM1 and AVPR1A and 2D:4D. Moreover, mediation analysis indicates that, in women, AR and OPRM1 variation drives digit ratios, which are related positively to impulsivity and, for OPRM1 , negatively to romantic relationship quality. Although these findings are subject to multiple testing issues, this study provides preliminary evidence that in women genetic factors may affect both impulsivity and perceived relationship quality through influencing factors indexed by digit ratios.

Modeling the relationship between utterance fluency and raters’ perceived fluency of consecutive interpreting

Interpreting ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-237
Author(s):  
Chao Han ◽  
Sijia Chen ◽  
Rongbo Fu ◽  
Qin Fan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Automated Scoring ◽  
Time Ratio ◽  
Parsimonious Model ◽  
Consecutive Interpreting ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Fluency is an important, yet insufficiently understood, construct in interpreting studies. This article reports on an empirical study which explored the relationship between utterance fluency measures and raters’ perceived fluency ratings of English/Chinese consecutive interpreting. It also examined whether such relationship was consistent across interpreting directions and rater types. The results partially supported the categorization of utterance fluency into breakdown, speed and repair fluency. It was also found that mean length of unfilled pauses, phonation time ratio, mean length of run and speech rate had fairly strong correlations with perceived fluency ratings in both interpreting directions and across rater types. Among a number of competing regression models that were built to predict raters’ fluency ratings, a parsimonious model, using mean length of unfilled pauses and mean length of run as predictors, accounted for about 60% of the variance of fluency ratings in both directions and across rater types. These results are expected to help create, rewrite and modify rubrics and scalar descriptors of fluency scales in rater-mediated interpretation assessment and to inform automated scoring of fluency in interpreting.

Unconventional Expressions: Productive syntax in the L2 acquisition of formulaic language

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Bardovi-Harlig ◽  
David Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Elicited Imitation ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
L2 Development ◽  
Independent Process ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Simulation Task

This article presents a generative analysis of the acquisition of formulaic language as an alternative to current usage-based proposals. One influential view of the role of formulaic expressions in second language (L2) development is that they are a bootstrapping mechanism into the L2 grammar; an initial repertoire of constructions allows for statistical induction of abstract grammatical categories, such that formulaic language is the data source from which syntactic rules are derived. This study brings evidence to bear on this debate from three studies of the acquisition of conventional expressions by L2 learners of English. A total of 271 learners and 58 native speakers completed either an oral conversation-simulation task or an aural-written elicited imitation task. The data show that while learners exhibit knowledge of both contextualized use and the lexical core of conventional expressions, production data reflect the morphosyntactic knowledge of learners at particular stages of development. Formulaic language does not drive the acquisition of syntax; rather, the acquisition of syntax as an independent process drives changes in the production of conventional expressions. Their gradual transformations allow for insights not only into the acquisition of syntax, but also into the nature of multi-word expressions in the mental lexicon.

scholarly journals Task-Specific Iconic Gesturing During Spoken Discourse in Aphasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Brielle C. Stark ◽  
Caroline Cofoid
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Treatment ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Iconic Gesture ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Task Differences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gesture Production

Purpose In persons living with aphasia, we will explore the relationship between iconic gesture production during spontaneous speech and discourse task, spoken language, and demographic information. Method Employing the AphasiaBank database, we coded iconic gestures in 75 speakers with aphasia during two spoken discourse tasks: a procedural narrative, which involved participants telling the experimenter how to make a sandwich (“Sandwich”), and a picture sequence narrative, which had participants describe the picture sequence to the experimenter (“Window”). Forty-three produced a gesture during both tasks, and we further evaluate data from this subgroup as a more direct comparison between tasks. Results More iconic gestures, at a higher rate, were produced during the procedural narrative. For both tasks, there was a relationship between iconic gesture rate, modeled as iconic gestures per word, and metrics of language dysfluency extracted from the discourse task as well as a metric of fluency extracted from a standardized battery. Iconic gesture production was correlated with aphasia duration, which was driven by performance during only a single task (Window), but not with other demographic metrics, such as aphasia severity or age. We also provide preliminary evidence for task differences shown through the lens of two types of iconic gestures. Conclusions While speech-language pathologists have utilized gesture in therapy for poststroke aphasia, due to its possible facilitatory role in spoken language, there has been considerably less work in understanding how gesture differs across naturalistic tasks and how we can best utilize this information to better assess gesture in aphasia and improve multimodal treatment for aphasia. Furthermore, our results contribute to gesture theory, particularly, about the role of gesture across naturalistic tasks and its relationship with spoken language. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14614941

scholarly journals On the 'holistic' nature of formulaic language

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Siyanova
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Interested Reader ◽  
Formulaic Sequences ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
On Line

© 2015 2015 by De Gruyter Mouton. Many applied and corpus linguists entertain the idea of collocations, and other types of formulaic language, being processed as unanalysed, or holistic units. It has, indeed, been demonstrated that, due to their frequency and predictability, formulaic sequences are processed quantitatively faster than matched novel phrases. This finding implies an important role of phrasal frequency in language processing and highlights the contribution of entrenchment of a particular phrasal configuration in memory. This finding, however, cannot be taken to suggest that formulaic sequences are necessarily processed as unanalysed, or holistic units. The present paper reviews some of the recent studies and explains why a processing advantage observed for formulaic sequences over novel phrases should not be equated with holistic storage and processing. The present paper is not intended as an overview of the studies on on-line processing of formulaic language. For a comprehensive review of the method and findings specific to formulaic sequences, their on-line representation and processing, we direct an interested reader to Siyanova-Chanturia (2013) and Siyanova-Chanturia and Martinez (2014).

scholarly journals The Role of Non-Verbal Interaction in a Short-Term Psychotherapy: Preliminary Analysis and Assessment of Paralinguistic Aspects

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rocco ◽  
Rachele Mariani ◽  
Diego Zanelli
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Code Theory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Referential Process ◽  
The Relationship

Analysis at a paralinguistic level of communication, already conceptualized within the multiple code theory, would appear to be very important in order to fully describe the quality of the patient-therapist relationship. In this study the therapeutic process and microprocess are analyzed taking into consideration a specific paraverbal aspect (speech rate) present in patient and therapist's communication. More specifically, in this paper we aim to investigate the relationship between the speech rate of both patient and therapist with the linguistic aspects of their referential process as obtained by the IDAAP dictionaries, relating to three sessions belonging to different phases of the psychotherapy. The results show that there are many significant correlations between the considered values. These findings are interpreted as an expression of the alignment between patient and therapist which can be linked to the outcome of the psychotherapy.

scholarly journals Formulaic sequences in native and non-native argumentative writing in German

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Jaworska ◽  
Cedric Krummes ◽  
Astrid Ensslin
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Argumentative Writing ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Formulaic Sequences ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Learner Corpus ◽  
Argumentative Essays

The aim of this paper is to contribute to learner corpus research into formulaic language in native and non-native German. To this effect, a corpus of argumentative essays written by advanced British students of German (WHiG) was compared with a corpus of argumentative essays written by German native speakers (Falko-L1). A corpus-driven analysis reveals a larger number of 3-grams in WHiG than in Falko-L1, which suggests that British advanced learners of German are more likely to use formulaic language in argumentative writing than their native-speaker counterparts. Secondly, by classifying the formulaic sequences according to their functions, this study finds that native speakers of German prefer discourse-structuring devices to stance expressions, whilst British advanced learners display the opposite preferences. Thirdly, the results show that learners of German make greater use of macro-discourse-structuring devices and cautious language, whereas native speakers favour micro-discourse structuring devices and tend to use more direct language.

Supportive leadership and EVB

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervat Elsaied
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Employee Voice ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Supportive Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between supportive leadership and employee voice behavior by examining the mediating role of employee advocacy, and the moderating role of proactive personality.Design/methodology/approachThe model was tested by using data that were collected from 402 supervisors, and 87 subordinates who were working in 6 firms belonging to the stone and Glass sector, in the Tenth Ramadan city, Egypt. The employees and their immediate supervisors provided data on separated questionnaires, and different occasions. Then, an identification number was used by the author to match each employee questionnaire with the response of his/ her immediate supervisor.FindingsThe results revealed that employee advocacy fully mediated the positive relationship between supportive leadership and employee voice behavior. Also, it also found that proactive personality moderated the relationship between supportive leadership and employee voice behavior, such that the relationship was stronger for people lower rather than higher in proactive personality.Originality/valueThis empirical paper provides preliminary evidence of the mediating effect of employee advocacy in the positive relationship between supportive leadership and employee voice behavior. The model extends the existing results by adding substantive moderate proactive personality to explain how the effect of supportive leadership on employee voice behavior.

Formulaic Language in Learner Corpora

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 130-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Paquot ◽  
Sylviane Granger
Keyword(s):  
First Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Formulaic Sequences ◽  
Learner Corpus ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Learner Corpora ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Multiword Units ◽  
The Relationship

Formulaic language is at the heart of corpus linguistic research, and learner corpus research (LCR) is no exception. As multiword units of all kinds (e.g., collocations, phrasal verbs, speech formulae) are notoriously difficult for learners, and corpus linguistic techniques are an extremely powerful way of exploring them, they were an obvious area for investigation by researchers from the very early days of LCR. In the first part of this article, the focus is on the types of learner corpus data investigated and the most popular method used to analyze them. The second section describes the types of word sequences analyzed in learner corpora and the methodologies used to extract them. In the rest of the article, we summarize some of the main findings of LCR studies of the learner phrasicon, distinguishing between co-occurrence and recurrence. Particular emphasis is also placed on the relationship between learners’ use of formulaic sequences and transfer from the learner's first language. The article concludes with some proposals for future research in the field.

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