scholarly journals Comparative study among lactophenol blue, lactophenol solution and proteinase-K lytic solution for rostellar hooks morphometry of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
S. J. Hammad ◽  
S. Cavallero ◽  
F. S. Al-Nasiri ◽  
S. D᾿ Amelio
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Rostellar Hook ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Morphometric Features

SummaryEchinococcus granulosus is a tapeworm whose life cycle includes dogs and other canines as final hosts, while domestic and wild ungulates act as intermediate hosts for the tissue-invading larval stage (metacestode). E. granulosus has a worldwide geographical distribution. Protoscolices and rostellar hooks of E. granulosus are useful for diagnosis and rostellar hook morphometric features may be useful to discriminate E. granulosus and related species. The present study was aimed to determine a more suitable lytic solution and to obtain a clearest vision for performing morphometric studies on the rostellar hooks of E. granulosus protoscolices. Five fertile hydatid cyst samples were collected from sheep in Kirkuk slaughterhouse, Iraq, during June of 2015. According to the results of the present study, proteinase-K lytic solution is the best approach in morphometric analysis to get a clear vision of rostellar hooks and a safer usage in comparison with solutions containing lactophenol (lactophenol, lactophenol blue).

Observations on the suitability and importance of the domestic intermediate hosts of Echinococcus granulosus in Uttah Pradesh, India

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Irshadullah ◽  
W. A. Nizami ◽  
C. N. L. Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cyst Size

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the suitability and importance of buffaloes, camels, sheep, goats and pigs in maintaining the life-cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in Aligarh, India. A total of 565 (36%) of 1556 buffaloes, 20 (2%) of 1208 goats, 5 (1%) of 559 pigs, 6 (6%) of 109 sheep and two of three camels were found to harbour hydatid cysts. The frequency distribution of the hydatid cysts in each intermediate host species was over-dispersed and in buffaloes cyst fertility increased with increasing cyst size. Of 2171, 95 and four buffalo, goat, and camel cysts examined 327 (15%), two (2%) and three cysts respectively were fertile. No pig or sheep cysts were found to contain protoscoleces. The unfenced buffalo abattoir and the large number of dogs allowed access to the abattoir coupled to the number of buffaloes slaughtered in comparison to the other potential hosts, indicates that the buffalo is the most significant host for maintaining the life-cycle of the parasite in this area of India. Applicable control measures for the region are suggested.

scholarly journals Experimentally Induced Cerebral Cystic Echinococcosis in Rats: A Suitable Animal Model for Cerebral Echinococcosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein RADFAR ◽  
Soheila FOTOOHI ◽  
Shahrzad AZIZI ◽  
Reza KHEIRANDISH
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Cerebral Hydatidosis

Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a worldwide zoonotic cestode that lives mainly in the intestine of dog as definitive host. Its larval stage infects intermediate hosts and forms hydatid cysts mainly in the liver and lungs tissues and less other organs such as brain, eye and bone. In the experimental models, inoculation of protoscoleces into the peritoneum, thoracic cavity, subcutaneous and cerebrum produces hydatid cysts. Experimental echinococcosis in the animal models provides a good opportunity for study of the parasite-host relationship, different transmission ways of infection in the intermediate hosts and effect of new drugs. Methods: The present study was conducted in the Veterinary School, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran in 2018. In this study, cerebral hydatidosis was investigated in 6 female Wistar rats weighing (200±20 gr). For this purpose, protoscoleces were collected from hydatid cysts of infected sheep liver. Overall, 300 protoscolices were injected directly in the lateral ventricle by an insulin syringe through the implanted cannula. Results: After 4 months of inoculation, multiple thin-walled, transparent hydatid cysts were observed in the rat skull. All cysts were infertile. The cysts were localized prominently on the cerebral cortex and lesser in the parenchyma and ventricles. The cyst walls consisted of three layers consist of the outer layer (fibrous capsule), two parasitic layers and the endocyst layer (germinal layer). The cyst was surrounded by the inflammatory cells consist of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first experimental cerebral hydatidosis arisen from larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus in the animal model.

scholarly journals Spontaneous primary intrathoracic, extrapulmonary hydatid cyst in a broiler rabbit

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sreekumar ◽  
A. Kirubakaran ◽  
R. Venkataramanan ◽  
P. Selvan ◽  
R. Anilkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Echinococcus granulosus, a zoonotic tapeworm with a dog-herbivore life cycle, is known to use ruminants, horses, pigs, etc., as intermediate hosts. Natural infections of hydatid cysts have not been documented in small animals like rabbits in India. This paper records spontaneous intrathoracic, extrapulmonary hydatid cysts of E. granulosus in a cage reared rabbit. The presence of non-invasive unilocular cyst with typical protoscolices containing rostellar hooks favoured the diagnosis of E. granulosus over E. multilocularis, the only other Echinococcus species found in India. The presence of fertile hydatid cyst points to the fact that rabbits can also act as natural intermediate hosts for E. granulosus. The significance of the findings in relation to public health importance is discussed.

The life-cycle of the flatfish nematode Cucullanus heterochrous

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Køie
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Third Stage

AbstractMature specimens of Cucullanus heterochrous Rudolphi, 1802 (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) were obtained from the intestine of the flounder, Platichthys flesus, from Danish waters. Eggs embryonate in seawater but do not hatch. Fully developed larvae pressed out of eggs are 430 μm long with amphids and dereids and enclosed within the cuticle of a previous larval stage. Infective larvae are believed to be in their third stage. Experimental studies showed that the polychaetes, Nereis spp., Scoloplos armiger, Brada villosa and Capitella sp., may act as intermediate hosts. In N. diversicolor the larvae increase their length to 1 mm within four weeks (15°C) without moulting. Experimental infections showed that larvated eggs are not infective to fish, whereas >550 μm long larvae from polychaetes survived in 4–24 cm long flounders and plaice, Pleuronectes platessa. Third-stage larvae 550 μm to 1.1 mm long were found in the submucosa of the intestine one week post infection. At a length of about 800 μm to 1.4 mm they moult to fourth-stage larvae. Fourth-stage larvae, immature and mature worms occur in the intestine and rectum. Fourth-stage larvae and adults survived experimental transfer from one flounder to another. Similar developmental stages survived for two weeks in the intestine of experimentally infected cod, Gadus morhua.

scholarly journals Life cycle of the nematode Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwig, 1964 (sensu lato) from northern Poland under laboratory conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dziekońska-Rynko ◽  
J. Rokicki
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Infestation Intensity ◽  
Contracaecum Rudolphii ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
Nematode Eggs

AbstractThe study was aimed at following, under laboratory conditions, embryogenesis of the nematode Contracaecum rudolphii, and at identifying its intermediate hosts in northeastern Poland. Nematode eggs, isolated from the terminal part of the female uterus, were placed in 0.9 and 3% NaCl solutions, 1% formalin, and in tap water. Each solution batch was divided into 3 parts kept at 4, 15, and 23°C. Regardless of the temperature they were exposed to, the eggs placed in 1% formalin showed numerous deformations; as few as 5% of those eggs produced larvae. Embryogenesis was at its fastest in the eggs kept at 23°C. While still within the eggs, the larvae underwent two moults. The eggs hatched to produce the stage 3 larvae, which emerged surrounded by the cuticle of the preceding larval stage. Experimental infestations of zooplankton collected from Lake Kortowskie showed that only cyclopoid copepods could serve as the intermediate hosts. No differences in the infestation intensity were found between the guppies infested by the invasive larvae and those fed the infested cyclopoids.

Epidemiology of hydatid disease in Sardinia: a study of fertility of cysts in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bortoletti ◽  
F. Gabriele ◽  
V. Seu ◽  
C. Palmas
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
Ready Access ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

ABSTRACTHydatidosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a cyclozoonotic disease of economic significance in Sardinia. The life-cycle involves stray and sheep dogs as definitive hosts and sheep, pigs, goats and cattle as intermediate hosts. The most important intermediate host is sheep, due to home slaughtering with ready access of the viscera to dogs. This survey was undertaken in 1987 to ascertain the epidemiological significance of sheep in maintaining the life-cycle. A total of 700 (91·3%) of 767 sheep harboured hydatid cysts. The frequency distribution of the number of hydatid cysts was over-dispersed. Of 497 infected sheep, 7·6% had fertile cysts, 75·7% sterile cysts and 16·7% fertile + sterile cysts.

Taeniasis in a German Shepherd Pup: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
B J Thakre ◽  
Joice P Joseph ◽  
Binod Kumar ◽  
Nilima Brahmbhatt ◽  
Krishna Gamit
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Taenia Multiceps ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum

Taenia spp. are long, segmented, parasitic tapeworms and are relatively uncommon in canine gastrointestinal diseases compared to other tapeworms like Dipylidium caninum. These parasites have an indirect life cycle, cycling between definitive and intermediate hosts. Dogs act as definitive hosts of different species of Taenia including Taenia multiceps, Taenia serialis, Taenia crassiceps, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis, etc. Taenia multiceps is of greatest zoonotic relevance in human. In the definitive host, it causes only mild infection. Larvae are more likely to cause disease than adult tapeworms. Taeniasis in pets should be cautiously handled because of its zoonotic importance. This communication reports a case of 3 months old pup suffering from Taenia infection that was successfully managed with a combination of praziquantel and fenbendazole.

Phoronida

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Planktonic Larval Stage

This chapter describes the taxonomy of Phoronida, a small group of exclusively marine invertebrates found in most of the world's oceans from the intertidal zone to about 400 metres depth. Phoronids are meroplanktonic with a planktonic larval stage usually less than 2 mm in length and a benthic adult whose length ranges from a few cm up to 50 cm. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

scholarly journals First Case of Human Cerebral Taenia martis Cysticercosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 2756-2759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Brunet ◽  
Aurélien Benoilid ◽  
Stéphane Kremer ◽  
Constanza Dalvit ◽  
Nicolas Lefebvre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dna Analyses ◽  
First Case

Taenia martis is a tapeworm affecting mustelids, with rodents serving as intermediate hosts. The larval stage (cysticercus) has been found before only rarely in humans or primates. We hereby describe a case of cerebral T. martis cysticercosis in a French immunocompetent patient, confirmed by DNA analyses of biopsy material.

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