scholarly journals Plasticity and Swell-Shrink Behaviour of Electrokinetically Stabilized Virgin Expansive Soil using Calcium Hydroxide and Calcium Chloride Solutions as Cationic Fluids

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-146
Author(s):  
Jijo James ◽  
Archana James ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Elumalai Gomthi ◽  
Karunakaran Kamal Prasath
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Stabilization Process ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract This investigation focussed on the plasticity and swell-shrink behaviour of an expansive soil that was stabilized using electro kinetic stabilization (EKS) techniques with cationic fluids for enhancement of stabilization. 0.25 M solutions of calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride were used as cationic fluids. An electro kinetic (EK) cell of dimensions 500 mm x 150 mm x 160 mm with inert graphite electrodes of size 140 mm x 160 mm x 5 mm was adopted for the stabilization process, carried out at an applied voltage of 40 V over a period of 6 hours. After the duration of the test, stabilized soil sample was subjected to Atterberg limits and free swell tests to determine its plasticity and swell-shrink characteristics. The results of the investigation found that both fluids were capable of reducing the plasticity and swell-shrink behaviour of the soil with different levels of effectiveness.

scholarly journals A Micro-Level Investigation of Optimum Lime-Content Stabilized Expansive Soil Amended with Organic Coconut Shell Powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jijo James
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Stabilization Process ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Coconut Shell Powder ◽  
Shell Powder ◽  
Low Dosage

AbstractThe experimental investigation involved stabilizing an expansive soil using lime, amending the stabilization process with varying doses of coconut shell powder (CSP), and studying the effects of the amendment on the strength, index properties, mineralogy, and microstructure of the stabilized soil. The optimum lime content (OLC) for the maximum strength gain of the stabilized soil was determined by performing unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. The stabilization process was amended with four different proportions of CSP, and the UCSs of the amended specimens were evaluated and compared. The spent UCS samples were crushed and pulverized to perform index property tests as well as mineralogical (XRD) and micro-structural (SEM) tests. The results of the investigation revealed that amending the lime stabilization process with CSP yielded positive results only at a low dosage of 0.25%. It is concluded that materials of an organic origin such as CSP need to be adopted in low dosages to reap beneficial effects in the stabilization process.

scholarly journals Plasticity, Swell-Shrink, and Microstructure of Phosphogypsum Admixed Lime Stabilized Expansive Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijo James ◽  
P. Kasinatha Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Microstructural Study ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Index Tests

The study involved utilization of an industrial waste, Phosphogypsum (PG), as an additive to lime stabilization of an expansive soil. Three lime dosages, namely, initial consumption of lime (ICL), optimum lime content (OLC), and less than ICL (LICL), were identified for the soil under study for stabilizing the soil. Along with lime, varying doses of PG were added to the soil for stabilization. The effect of stabilization was studied by performing index tests, namely, liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, and free swell test, on pulverized remains of failed unconfined compression test specimens. The samples were also subjected to a microstructural study by means of scanning electron microscope. Addition of PG to lime resulted in improvement in the plasticity and swell-shrink characteristics. The microstructural study revealed the formation of a dense compact mass of stabilized soil.

scholarly journals The Influence of Calcium Chloride Salt Solution on the Transport Properties of Cementitious Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaghoob Farnam ◽  
Taylor Washington ◽  
Jason Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Friedel’S Salt

The chemical interaction between calcium chloride (CaCl2) and cementitious binder may alter the transport properties of concrete which are important in predicting the service life of infrastructure elements. This paper presents a series of fluid and gas transport measurements made on cementitious mortars before and after exposure to various solutions with concentrations ranging from 0% to 29.8% CaCl2by mass. Fluid absorption, oxygen diffusivity, and oxygen permeability were measured on mortar samples prepared using Type I and Type V cements. Three primary factors influence the transport properties of mortar exposed to CaCl2: (1) changes in the degree of saturation, (2) calcium hydroxide leaching, and (3) formation of chemical reaction products (i.e., Friedel’s salt, Kuzel’s salt, and calcium oxychloride). It is shown that an increase in the degree of saturation decreases oxygen permeability. At lower concentrations (<~12% CaCl2at room temperature), the addition of CaCl2can increase calcium hydroxide leaching, thereby increasing mortar porosity (this is offset by the formation of Friedel’s salt and Kuzel’s salt that can block the pores). At higher concentrations (>~12%), the formation of chemical reaction products (mainly calcium oxychloride) is a dominant factor decreasing the fluid and gas transport in concrete.

scholarly journals Research on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Energy Dissipation of Expansive Soil Stabilized by Fly Ash and Lime

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-quan Zhou ◽  
Da-wei Zhou ◽  
Yong-fei Zhang ◽  
Wei-jian Wang ◽  
Dongwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Dynamic Compressive Strength

To probe into the dynamic mechanical properties of expansive soil stabilized by fly ash and lime under impact load, the split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test was carried out in this study. An analysis was made on the dynamic mechanical property and final fracture morphology of stabilized soil, and the failure mechanism was also explored from the perspective of energy dissipation. According to the test results, under the impact pressure of 0.2 MPa, plain soil and pure fly ash-stabilized soil exhibit strong plasticity. After the addition of lime, the stabilized soil shows obvious brittle failure. The dynamic compressive strength and absorbed energy of stabilized soil first increase and then decrease with the change of mix proportions. Both the dynamic compressive strength and the absorbed energy reach the peak value at the content of 20% fly ash and 5% lime (20% F + 5% L). In the process of the test, most of the incident energy is reflected back to the incident bar. The absorbed energy of stabilized soil increases linearly with the rise of dynamic compressive strength, while the absorbed energy is negatively correlated with the fractal dimension. The fractal dimension of pore morphology of the plain soil is lower than that of the fly ash-lime combined stabilized soil when it comes to the two different magnification ratios. The test results indicate that the modifier content of 20% F + 5% L can significantly improve the dynamic mechanical properties of the expansive soil.

Effect of Glutinous Rice Paste on Compressive Strength of Lime-Stabilized Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Hong Tao Peng ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Nai Sheng Li ◽  
De Fa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Box Dimension ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Glutinous Rice ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

The lime-stabilized soil was mixed with glutinous rice paste in proper proportion to determine the difference in compressive strength caused by introduction of glutinous rice paste. The experimental results show that the unconfined compressive strengths of lime-stabilized soil specimens treated with glutinous rice paste are all higher than those without treated at different curing times (7d, 28d, 40d, and 60d). The calculated fractal box dimension value of SEM image of lime stabilized soil sample is close to and slightly less than the one treated with glutinous rice paste. The SEM images show that the microstructure of lime-stabilized soil treated with glutinous rice paste is denser than that without treated. This kind of denser microstructure should be the basis of higher unconfined compressive strengths of the specimens treated with glutinous rice paste.

scholarly journals Research on Wetting-Drying Cycles’ Effect on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil Improved by OTAC-KCl

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-tian Wang ◽  
Can-hong Zhang ◽  
Xue-lian Qiu ◽  
En-yue Ji ◽  
Wen-hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cyclic Strength ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Swelling Potential ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Free Swell

Expansive soil experiences periodic swelling and shrinkage during the alternate wet and dry environments, which will result in severe damage to the slope stability. In this study, a promising modifier OTAC-KCl is introduced, which has a good diffusivity and is soluble in water or other solvents easily. Firstly, a reasonable combination of ameliorant 0.3% STAC and 3% KCl is chosen referring to the free swell test. Then, the best curing period, 14 days, is gotten from UCS tests. The effect of wetting and drying cycles on engineering properties of expansive soil improved by OTAC-KCl admixtures after 14-day curing is also studied accordingly. Both treated and untreated expansive soil samples are prepared for the cyclic wetting-drying tests which mainly include cyclic swelling potential and cyclic strength tests. Experimental results show that the swelling potential of expansive soil samples stabilized with OTAC-KCl is suppressed efficiently, and the untreated soil specimens will collapse when immersed in water while the treated specimens keep in good conditions. Moreover, expansive soil samples modified with 0.3% OTAC + 3% KCl show enough durability on the swelling ability, shear strength, and unconfined compressive strength, which means, that both the physical and the mechanical properties of stabilized expansive soil have been improved effectively.

Measurement and Comparison of Pozzolanic Activity of Siliceous Materials Using Mechanical Tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Marcela M.N.S. de Soares ◽  
D.C.S. Garcia ◽  
Roberto B. Figueiredo ◽  
Maria Teresa Paulino Aguilar ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cetlin
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Siliceous Material ◽  
Mineral Additives ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Substitution Content ◽  
Different Levels

The classification of mineral additives used in cementitious materials is dependent on many factors such as morphology and composition, but it also depends on the kinetics of the reaction with calcium hydroxide, also known as its pozzolanicity. Several tests are used to evaluate the reactivity of siliceous material in the presence of calcium hydroxide, but some of these tests are not quantitative and there is no known correlation between the results of the various tests. Therefore, this study presents the results of compression and bending tests of samples containing different levels of substitution of cement by siliceous materials. Ground quartz, silica fume, and a silica-rich industrial waste at work were used. The results show that the mechanical tests are more affected by the substitution content than by the nature of the substitution.

scholarly journals Effect of gellan and calcium chloride on properties of surimi gel with low and high setting phenomena

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (83) ◽  
pp. 52423-52434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanyamon Petcharat ◽  
Soottawat Benjakul
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Surimi Gel ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Bigeye Snapper

The properties of bigeye snapper surimi gel as affected by gellan at different levels (2–6% based on solid content of surimi) in combination with CaCl2at various concentrations (25–75 mmol kg−1) in the presence and absence of transglutaminase were examined.

scholarly journals Effect of Pozzolana and Lime on Expansive Soil Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Omer S. M. Hamza ◽  
Magdi M. E. Zumrawi ◽  
Awad E. M. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Swelling Potential ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Constant Content ◽  
Pressure Tests ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Very High

This study investigates the effect of pozzolana and quick lime as stabilizer materials on expansive soil properties. Disturbed soil sample was collected from Al-Qadarif city in east of Sudan. The basic properties, swelling and strength of the soil were measured. The soil shows very weak strength and very high swelling potential. Mineralogical analysis tests were conducted to the soil using XRD tests. The soil contains significant amount of montmorillonite mineral (86%). Laboratory tests were undertaken on soil stabilized with varying percentage of pozzolana only (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30%) and combination of pozzolana with constant content of quick lime (5%). Compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), free swell, swell present and swelling pressure tests were performed on natural and treated soil. The pozzolana was obtained from Jebal Meidob and the lime obtained from local kilns in Kassala. The results showed that the treatment of expansive soil by combination of pozzolana and quick lime reduced soil swelling coupled with significant increase on soil strength. While the use of pozzolana only has marginal effective. It could be concluded that stabilization of expansive soil by pozzolana-lime admixture is successful.  

scholarly journals Stabilization of Expansive Soil Using Biomedical Waste Incinerator Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asefachew Belete Tseganeh ◽  
Henok Fikre Geberegziabher ◽  
Ayele Tesema Chala
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Biomedical Waste ◽  
Incinerator Ash ◽  
Optimum Content ◽  
Free Swell

Expansive soils undergo high volume change due to cyclic swelling and shrinkage behavior during the wet and dry seasons. Thus, such problematic soils should be completely avoided or properly treated when encountered as subgrade materials. In the present study, the biomedical waste incinerator ash and lime combination was proposed to stabilize expansive soil. Particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, free-swell, compaction, unconfined compression strength, and California bearing ratio tests were conducted on the natural soil and blended with 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, and 11% biomedical waste incinerator ash (BWIA). The optimum content of BWIA was determined based on the free-swell test results. To further investigate the relative effectiveness of the stabilizer, 2% and 3% lime were also added to the optimum soil-BWIA mixture and UCS and CBR tests were also conducted. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests for representative stabilized samples were also conducted to examine the changes in microfabrics and structural arrangements due to bonding. The addition of BWIA has a promising effect on the index properties and strength of the expansive soil. The strength of the expansive soil significantly increased when it was blended with the optimum content of BWIA amended by 2% and 3% lime.

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