scholarly journals Anthropological Picture of the Corded Ware Population of the Subcarpathian Region in the Light of Data Obtained from the Sites at Święte, Jarosław District

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
Anita Szczepanek
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Body Height ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Twenty Corded Ware graves containing twenty five interments were identified at sites 11, 15 and 20 at Święte, Radymno Commune, Jarosław District. In most of the graves (16), there was only one interment, although there were also three graves with two internments and one grave with three interments. The age and sex structure of buried individuals shows the roughly equal number of females, males, and children at the age of Infans I and II, with the category Maturus (individuals aged 40 to 50) having the highest mortality rate. So far, Rzeszów Foothills and the Lower San River Valley yielded 40 Corded Ware graves containing 51 interments in total. Single burials were predominant. Alike at Święte sites, the highest proportion of burials is recorded for individuals at the age of Maturus irrespective of sex; overall, for the entire region, male graves, however, outnumber female graves. In most cases skeletons are poorly preserved, but scarce anthropometric data are the indication of dolichomorphic crania in both males and females, which phenomenon is already noted for the Małopolska Upland and present Ukraine. The intravital body height for adults varies from 161.3 to 175 cm for males and from 156.7 to 163.1 cm for females.

scholarly journals Demographic situation in Saratov oblast

POPULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Oleg Rybakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Young People ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Saratov Oblast ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article summarizes the results of the reproduction and migration development of Saratov oblast n in the 20th — early 21st centuries. The origin of demographic waves in the age and sex structure of the population of the region over a century is substantiated. It is shown what demographic and social consequences led to such development of the region, in which depopulation has not stopped since 1992. There are identified the features of the current migration situation in Saratov oblast. The circle of close migration partners of the region and changes in its migration ties over 50 years is revealed. The character of the exchange of population with other regions of Russia is examined. The main factors of the negative demographic situation in the region are considered. The primary factor is the low level of socio-economic development, wages and incomes of the population. As a consequence, together with high proportion of the urban population and poor ecology this results in a low birth rate and a higher mortality rate than the national average. The latter factor is associated not only with the more "old" (than in the Russian Federation as a whole) age and sex structure of the population of the region. The unfavorable socio-economic situation in the region also generates an increased mortality rate for separate classes and causes of death. Indirectly, this is evidenced by a significantly higher (than in the Russian Federation as a whole) mortality of the population of Saratov oblast from diseases of the digestive system and from alcohol poisoning. In addition, the outflow of young people to economically more developed regions of the country and the decline in fertility leads to a decrease in the proportion of women in the most active childbearing age, which causes an even greater decline in the birth rate. And decrease in the share of young people as a whole leads to an increase in the pension burden on the able-bodied population and to a further decrease in the incomes of the entire population of the region. A general conclusion is made that it is necessary to more actively and effectively pursue a policy of equalizing the socio-economic and demographic development of the regions of Russia. It is necessary to create zones of advanced development not only in the Far East or in the Arctic. It is necessary to develop the economy and the social sphere in all underdeveloped regions of Russia at a faster pace.

scholarly journals Mortality in Escherichia coli bloodstream infections: a multinational population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa C. MacKinnon ◽  
Scott A. McEwen ◽  
David L. Pearl ◽  
Outi Lyytikäinen ◽  
Gunnar Jacobsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Day Case ◽  
Fatality Risk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Case Fatality Risk ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Escherichia coli is the most common cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) and mortality is an important aspect of burden of disease. Using a multinational population-based cohort of E. coli BSIs, our objectives were to evaluate 30-day case fatality risk and mortality rate, and determine factors associated with each. Methods During 2014–2018, we identified 30-day deaths from all incident E. coli BSIs from surveillance nationally in Finland, and regionally in Sweden (Skaraborg) and Canada (Calgary, Sherbrooke, western interior). We used a multivariable logistic regression model to estimate factors associated with 30-day case fatality risk. The explanatory variables considered for inclusion were year (2014–2018), region (five areas), age (< 70-years-old, ≥70-years-old), sex (female, male), third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistance (susceptible, resistant), and location of onset (community-onset, hospital-onset). The European Union 28-country 2018 population was used to directly age and sex standardize mortality rates. We used a multivariable Poisson model to estimate factors associated with mortality rate, and year, region, age and sex were considered for inclusion. Results From 38.7 million person-years of surveillance, we identified 2961 30-day deaths in 30,923 incident E. coli BSIs. The overall 30-day case fatality risk was 9.6% (2961/30923). Calgary, Skaraborg, and western interior had significantly increased odds of 30-day mortality compared to Finland. Hospital-onset and 3GC-resistant E. coli BSIs had significantly increased odds of mortality compared to community-onset and 3GC-susceptible. The significant association between age and odds of mortality varied with sex, and contrasts were used to interpret this interaction relationship. The overall standardized 30-day mortality rate was 8.5 deaths/100,000 person-years. Sherbrooke had a significantly lower 30-day mortality rate compared to Finland. Patients that were either ≥70-years-old or male both experienced significantly higher mortality rates than those < 70-years-old or female. Conclusions In our study populations, region, age, and sex were significantly associated with both 30-day case fatality risk and mortality rate. Additionally, 3GC resistance and location of onset were significantly associated with 30-day case fatality risk. Escherichia coli BSIs caused a considerable burden of disease from 30-day mortality. When analyzing population-based mortality data, it is important to explore mortality through two lenses, mortality rate and case fatality risk.

Age-Dependent Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Using Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Jahanbin ◽  
Shirin Dokht Shirazi ◽  
Elaheh Kamyabnezhad ◽  
Neda Eslami ◽  
Seyed Hosein Hoseini Zarch
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Growth Center ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ossification Process ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: The spheno‐occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is an important growth center which plays an important role in cranial base development and can define the final relation of SOS with the upper and lower jaws. The morphology and fusion degree of SOS varies in different ages among different populations. Objectives: Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the age and sex dependence of ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in the Iranian population using CBCT. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed on 517 CBCT images of 6- to 18-year-old patients in Mashhad, Iran. Patients with obvious pathology or fractures were excluded from the study. The SOS ossification was classified into four stages from 0 to 3. Two independent observers scored the images. The ossification stage of the SOS was classified according to the age and sex of the patients. Kruskal-Wallis and Kendall’s tau-b used for statistical analysis. Results: In this study, 517 samples of 260 females (50.3%) and 257 males (49.7%) with a mean age of 12.03 ± 3.74 years were examined. A significant difference did not exist between males and females regarding their stage of SOS ossification, although males were younger at the SOS transitional stages of 0 to 1, and 1 to 2 compared to females. Also, the SOS starts the ossification process at the age of 11 in females and 10.8 in males. Conclusions: The present study showed in the mean age of 16.81 ± 1.12 years, most subjects were in developmental stage 3. Due to the fact that in developmental stage 3 SOS closes, there were no passive maxillary growth after this time. In none of the SOS stages, females and males differed significantly in mean age (P > 0.05). The age of the onset of SOS closure in females was 11 years and in males it was about 10.8 years.

scholarly journals Laboratory-based surveillance of COVID-19 in the Greater Helsinki area, Finland, February-June 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Jarva ◽  
M Lappalainen ◽  
O Luomala ◽  
P Jokela ◽  
AE Jääskeläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Registry Data ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Laboratory Capacity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractLaboratory registry data (80,791 specimens, 70,517 individuals) was used to characterise age- and sex-specific SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR sampling frequency and positivity rate, and laboratory capacity building in Greater Helsinki, Finland during February-June 2020. While the number of positive cases was similar in males and females, the positivity rate was significantly higher in males. The highest incidence/100,000 was observed in those aged ≥80 years. The proportion of young adults in positive cases increased in late May 2020.

Age and Sex Structure of the Study Population

2017 ◽  
pp. 111-150
Author(s):  
Kim Hill ◽  
A. Magdalena Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Sex Structure ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals Mortality, causes of death and influence of medication use in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus vs matched controls

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Irene E M Bultink ◽  
Frank de Vries ◽  
Ronald F van Vollenhoven ◽  
Arief Lalmohamed
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Objectives We wanted to estimate the magnitude of the risk from all-cause, cause-specific and sex-specific mortality in patients with SLE and relative risks compared with matched controls and to evaluate the influence of exposure to medication on risk of mortality in SLE. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Hospital Episode Statistics and national death certificates (from 1987 to 2012). Each SLE patient (n = 4343) was matched with up to six controls (n = 21 780) by age and sex. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate overall and cause-specific mortality rate ratios. Results Patients with SLE had a 1.8-fold increased mortality rate for all-cause mortality compared with age- and sex-matched subjects [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.57, 2.08]. The HR was highest in patients aged 18–39 years (adjusted HR = 4.87, 95% CI: 1.93, 12.3). Mortality rates were not significantly different between male and female patients. Cumulative glucocorticoid use raised the mortality rate, whereas the HR was reduced by 45% with cumulative low-dose HCQ use. Patients with SLE had increased cause-specific mortality rates for cardiovascular disease, infections, non-infectious respiratory disease and for death attributable to accidents or suicide, whereas the mortality rate for cancer was reduced in comparison to controls. Conclusion British patients with SLE had a 1.8-fold increased mortality rate compared with the general population. Glucocorticoid use and being diagnosed at a younger age were associated with an increased risk of mortality. HCQ use significantly reduced the mortality rate, but this association was found only in the lowest cumulative dosage exposure group.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Integrity of Adult Human Mandibular Angle

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. s-0038-1676771
Author(s):  
Somsak Sittitavornwong ◽  
David Ashley ◽  
Douglas Denson ◽  
David Cruz Walma ◽  
Sarah Potter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Mandibular Body ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this study was to analyze the integrity of the adult human mandibular angle. The left hemimandibles of 24 human cadavers were selected and divided into three groups based upon remaining dental status. The height of the left mandibular body was measured. Hemimandibles were mounted in acrylic bone cement at the mandibular condyle. The left mounted hemimandibles were secured into an Instron 5565 mechanical unit and the occlusal plane was sequentially loaded until fracture of the mandibular bone occurred. Minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviations for compressive force as well as displacement of the occlusal plane were derived and compared for descriptive statistics. The correlations between the gender, mandibular body height, and maximal load were examined. The mean mandibular heights among males and females were 22.44 mm and 17.53 mm, respectively. Results portrayed a significant correlation between gender and mandibular height. The mean maximal loads among males and females were 1,174.17 and 828.14 N, respectively. Results portrayed a statistically significant difference between males and females regarding maximum load as well as the height of the mandible ( p=0.0103 and p=0.0067, respectively). No statistically significant association between maximum load and dental status (presence/absence of molar teeth) was found ( p > 0.05). The maximal load of human mandibular angle was found to be higher than that of the heavily investigated polyurethane synthetic mandible replica. The average height of the mandibular body in males was found to be greater than that of females. Mandibular body height showed a direct correlation to maximal load of the hemimandibular angle. In maxillofacial research, biomechanical evaluations of mandibular angle fractures and plating techniques with human cadaveric bone should be considered alongside or in place of conventional synthetic polyurethane mandibles.

scholarly journals Is the long-term decline in cardiovascular-disease mortality in high-income countries over? Evidence from national vital statistics

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1815-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D Lopez ◽  
Tim Adair
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
High Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background The substantial decline in cardiovascular-disease (CVD) mortality in high-income countries has underpinned their increasing longevity over the past half-century. However, recent evidence suggests this long-term decline may have stagnated, and even reversed in younger populations. We assess recent CVD-mortality trends in high-income populations and discuss the findings in relation to trends in risk factors. Methods We used vital statistics since 2000 for 23 high-income countries published in the World Health Organization Mortality Database. Age-standardized CVD death rates by sex for all ages, and at ages 35–74 years, were calculated and smoothed using LOWESS regression. Findings were contrasted with the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. Results The rate of decline in CVD mortality has slowed considerably in most countries in recent years for both males and females, particularly at ages 35–74 years. Based on the latest year of data, the decline in the CVD-mortality rate at ages 35–74 years was &lt;2% (about half the annual average since 2000) for at least one sex in more than half the countries. In North America (US males and females, Canada females), the CVD-mortality rate even increased in the most recent year. The GBD Study estimates, after correcting for misdiagnoses, suggest an even more alarming reversal, with CVD death rates rising in seven countries for at least one sex in 2017. The rate of decline and initial level of CVD mortality appear largely unrelated. Conclusions A significant slowdown in CVD-mortality decline is now apparent across high-income countries with diverse epidemiological environments. High and increasing obesity levels, limited potential future gains from further reducing already low smoking prevalence, especially in English-speaking countries, and persistent inequalities in mortality risk pose significant challenges for public policy to promote better cardiovascular health.

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