scholarly journals Inherent safety evaluation in process plants— a comparison of methodologies

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 756-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Abedi ◽  
Mohammad Shahriari
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Process Controls ◽  
Global Population

AbstractA global population increase and an improved standard of living are generally expected. To meet these demands, an increased production of chemicals will be necessary while protecting human health and the environment. However, most current methods of chemical production are unsustainable. New designs must result in plants that assure process and operator safety, the sustained health of workers and the community, and the protection of the environment. Traditional safety precautions and process controls minimize risk but cannot guarantee the prevention of accidents followed by serious consequences. Therefore, the general approach to environmental and safety problems must be changed from reactive to proactive. One way is to further develop the concept of inherent safety.In this paper some methods for inherent safety evaluations are reviewed. The aim of the study is to analyze the different tools available for inherent safety evaluation and identify the most important criteria in determining the inherent safety of a process plant. A model is proposed to show the interactions of different factors on the inherent safety level of a process and the model is illustrated by a case study.

scholarly journals Towards Semi-Automatic Generation of a Steady State Digital Twin of a Brownfield Process Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6959
Author(s):  
Seppo Sierla ◽  
Lotta Sorsamäki ◽  
Mohammad Azangoo ◽  
Antti Villberg ◽  
Eemeli Hytönen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Engineering Effort ◽  
Process Measurements

Researchers have proposed various models for assessing design alternatives for process plant retrofits. Due to the considerable engineering effort involved, no such models exist for the great majority of brownfield process plants, which have been in operation for years or decades. This article proposes a semi-automatic methodology for generating a digital twin of a brownfield plant. The methodology consists of: (1) extracting information from piping and instrumentation diagrams, (2) converting the information to a graph format, (3) applying graph algorithms to preprocess the graph, (4) generating a simulation model from the graph, (5) performing manual expert editing of the generated model, (6) configuring the calculations done by simulation model elements and (7) parameterizing the simulation model according to recent process measurements in order to obtain a digital twin. Since previous work exists for steps (1–2), this article focuses on defining the methodology for (3–5) and demonstrating it on a laboratory process. A discussion is provided for (6–7). The result of the case study was that only few manual edits needed to be made to the automatically generated simulation model. The paper is concluded with an assessment of open issues and topics of further research for this 7-step methodology.

scholarly journals Process Plant Upgradation Using Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) Criteria

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Dongqiao Bai ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Shouzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Market Survey ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Reliability And Availability ◽  
Expected Outcomes ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study is to propose a solution for process plant upgradation becoming extinct due to obsoleteness of spares. The study will help in reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) based upgradation of control system of process plants in developing countries. Available options for plant upgradation are compact control, modular, and semiautomatic. RAM based upgradation provides solution which is high in reliability and availability (usually all parts are replaced with upgraded and compatible technology) and is easy to maintain throughout the service life of process plant. Case study for stacker and reclaimer of cement plant upgradation is considered to both implement and evaluate the idea. Upgradation methodology is finalized by expert’s feedback regarding selection of hardware with respect to availability, market survey to validate the opinion, and economical availability viability of selected hardware. Pre- and postupgradation scenarios are analyzed to validate the implementation of study and conclude the expected outcomes. The process plant upgradation yielded a cost-effective solution to the problem with automation increasing by 17%, plant maintainability increasing by 80%, and downtime of plant decreasing by 17%. Among all available options, modular design Op1 is considered the best choice that can satisfy RAM criteria.

Resilience Calculation of Process Plants Under Seismic Loading: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bledar Kalemi ◽  
Antonio C. Caputo ◽  
Fabrizio Paolacci
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Event ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Seismic Region ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Operational Capacity

Abstract Earthquakes causes approximately 8% of total accidents in industrial facilities. Although there are several researches in literature pertaining to industrial resilience, none of them provides a modelling framework to quantify the seismic resilience of process plants. This paper presents a methodology for providing a quantitative measure of resilience and business economic losses for the process plants in case of a seismic event. The two main parameters which have utmost influence on the resilience of a process plant are operational capacity and recovery time, so they must be evaluated in proper way. Plant mapping and components vulnerability are the key modelling parameters of plant operational capacity. Exact recovery step functions are introduced based on General Reconstruction Activity Network (GRAN), considering interdependencies between plant components. In order to illustrate the discussed method, a nitric acid plant is set up as a case study. “PRIAMUS” software is used to generate the most probable damage scenarios, assuming the plant is located in seismic region of South Italy, Sicily. Ultimately, recovery curves are constructed for each damaged scenario, and business economic losses are calculated according to direct cost and business interruption. In short, this methodology provides a good estimation of the most critical components and economic losses of a process plant in case of a seismic event.

Safety Evaluation Model for Traffic Operation Environment of Freeway Tunnel

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 1588-1591
Author(s):  
Yan Yong Guo ◽  
Yao Wu ◽  
Yuan Jin ◽  
Jian Feng Qi
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Operation Environment ◽  
Traffic Operation

This study developed a safety evaluation model for traffic operation environment of freeway tunnel based on the grey entropy weight clustering. Firstly, a safety evaluation system was proposed including four aspects related road conditions, traffic operating conditions, environmental conditions and climate condition. Secondly, whitenization weight function was defined and weights of indexes were determined by entropy theory. Thirdly, the grey entropy clustering coefficient was calculated, and the safety level for traffic operation environment of freeway tunnels was evaluated. Finally, a case study of seven tunnels of XI-HAN freeway was conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.

scholarly journals Impact of Typhoons on Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: A Case Study of Typhoon Mangkhut

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Jiawen Li ◽  
Jingyu Bian ◽  
Yuxiang Ma ◽  
Yichen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Motion Response ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Coupling Motion

A typhoon is a restrictive factor in the development of floating wind power in China. However, the influences of multistage typhoon wind and waves on offshore wind turbines have not yet been studied. Based on Typhoon Mangkhut, in this study, the characteristics of the motion response and structural loads of an offshore wind turbine are investigated during the travel process. For this purpose, a framework is established and verified for investigating the typhoon-induced effects of offshore wind turbines, including a multistage typhoon wave field and a coupled dynamic model of offshore wind turbines. On this basis, the motion response and structural loads of different stages are calculated and analyzed systematically. The results show that the maximum response does not exactly correspond to the maximum wave or wind stage. Considering only the maximum wave height or wind speed may underestimate the motion response during the traveling process of the typhoon, which has problems in guiding the anti-typhoon design of offshore wind turbines. In addition, the coupling motion between the floating foundation and turbine should be considered in the safety evaluation of the floating offshore wind turbine under typhoon conditions.

scholarly journals Towards a Framework of Operational-Risk Assessment for a Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3879
Author(s):  
Cunlong Fan ◽  
Jakub Montewka ◽  
Di Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Surface Ship ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Operational Modes ◽  
Mass Case

Global research interest in the domain of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) is dramatically increasing. With new prototypes planned to be set to the seas where various operational modes (OMs) are claimed, the issue of the safety evaluation of an MASS, and criteria for selecting the appropriate OM for given conditions remain open questions. This paper proposes a four-step risk-informed framework to assess risk in a scenario for an MASS operating at one of three OMs: manual control (MC), remote control (RC), and autonomous control (AC). To this end, the concept of risk priority numbers (RPNs), adopted from failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), is utilized. The required parameters to defined RPNs are obtained in the course of analyzing a model MASS accident with expert knowledge. The applicability of the proposed framework is demonstrated via a model MASS case study. Results reveal that, in the same scenario, the risk of MASS varied across the analyzed OMs. On the basis of the aggregated results for each operational mode, suggestions for OM switching are put forward.

Research on Mine Gas Accident Multi-Factor Fuzzy Comprehensive Safety Evaluation

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1868-1872
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Xiao Hong Chen ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Weight Vector ◽  
Relationship Matrix ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Coal Mine Gas ◽  
Mine Gas ◽  
Safety Investment

Gas accident is one of the most common accidents in coal mine in china. This paper argues that the gas dangerousness is determined by many factors which are difficult to quantitative risk, and deems these factors are quantified and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, comprehensive evaluation, which are benefit evaluation and master the coal mine’s gas safety level, and determine the safety investment direction and improve the benefit of safety investment that will reduce the coal mine gas occurrence probability, so as to reduce and avoid the happening of coal mine gas accident. The basic steps: first, to analyze and master all kinds of gas accident reasons; Second, to determine the assemble of the gas risk factors evaluation, determine the evaluation grade assemble; Third, to proceed the single factor evaluation, determine fuzzy relationship matrix and the fuzzy weight vector of evaluation factor, and to choose the appropriate composition operator, vector analysis with the result of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; Finally, people will take corresponding measures to prevent according to the result of evaluation that shows safety weaknesses.

The Use of Photogrammetry in Piping Design

1983 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Bracewell ◽  
U R Klement
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Positional Data

Piping design for ‘revamp’ projects in the process industry requires the retrieval of large amounts of ‘as-built’ data from existing process plant installations. Positional data with a high degree of accuracy are required. Photogrammetry, the science of measurement from photographs, was identified in Imperial Chemical Industries plc (ICI) as a suitable tool for information retrieval. The mathematical formulation enabling the definition of three-dimensional positions from photographic information is described. The process of using ICI's photogrammetric system for the definition of complete objects such as structures and pipes is illustrated. The need for specialized photogrammetric software for design purposes is explained. A case study describing how the photogrammetric system has been applied is described and graphical outputs from this exercise are shown. It is concluded that this particular photogrammetric system has proved to be a cost effective and accurate tool for the retrieval of ‘as-built’ information.

A Practical Approach to Expedite a Pore to Process Simulation Model for a Rich Gas Condensate Reservoir – Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Mahmoud El-Menoufi ◽  
Eman Abed Ezz El-Regal ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Ali ◽  
Khaled Mohamed Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Compositional Approach ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Black Oil

Abstract Field development planning of gas condensate fields using numerical simulation has many aspects to consider that may lead to a significant impact on production optimization. An important aspect is to account for the effects of network constraints and process plant operating conditions through an integrated asset model. This model should honor proper representation of the fluid within the reservoir, through the wells and up to the network and facility. Obaiyed is one of the biggest onshore gas field in Egypt, it is a highly heterogeneous gas condensate field located in the western desert of Egypt with more than 100 wells. Three initial condensate gas ratios are existing based on early PVT samples and production testing. The initial CGRs as follows;160, 115 and 42 STB/MMSCF. With continuous pressure depletion, the produced hydrocarbon composition stream changes, causing a deviation between the design parameters and the operating parameters of the equipment within the process plant, resulting in a decrease in the recovery of liquid condensate. Therefore, the facility engineers demand a dynamic update of a detailed composition stream to optimize the system and achieve greater economic value. The best way to obtain this compositional stream is by using a fully compositional integrated asset model. Utilizing a fully compositional model in Obaiyed is challenging, computationally expensive, and impractical, especially during the history match of the reservoir numerical model. In this paper, a case study for Obaiyed field is presented in which we used an alternative integrated asset modeling approach comprising a modified black-oil (MBO) that results in significant timesaving in the full-field reservoir simulation model. We then used a proper de-lumping scheme to convert the modified black oil tables into as many components as required by the surface network and process plant facility. The results of proposed approach are compared with a fully compositional approach for validity check. The results clearly identified the system bottlenecks. The model can be used to propose the best tie-in location of future wells in addition to providing first-pass flow assurance indications throughout the field's life and under different network configurations. The model enabled the facility engineers to keep the conditions of the surface facility within the optimized operating envelope throughout the field's lifetime.

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