scholarly journals The influence of temperature and photoinitiator concentration on photoinitiated polymerization of diacrylate monomer

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Macarie ◽  
Gheorghe Ilia
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Tertiary Amine ◽  
Thermal Polymerization ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Photoinitiated Polymerization ◽  
Maximum Conversion ◽  
Triethyl Amine ◽  
Higher Temperature

AbstractThe behavior of p-methoxybenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, previously synthesized, as a photoinitiator for the polymerization of diacrylate monomer, in the presence of 3% (w/w) tertiary amine (triethyl amine) as synergist additive, was studied. The influence of temperature in the range 30–90°C at 3% (w/w) photoinitiator concentration and the influence of the photoinitiator concentration in the range 0.5–3.5% (w/w) at 30°C was investigated by differential scanning photocalorimetry (photo-DSC). In all experiments the photopolymerization was performed at constant light intensity (3 mW cm−2). The maximum conversion was obtained at temperature of 90°C at 3% (w/w) photoinitiator concentration and 3% (w/w) triethyl amine. The optimal concentration of photoinitiator to obtain maximum conversion was 3% (w/w), at 30°C. No thermal polymerization occurred at higher temperature.

Conversion of sulfur-free black liquor into fuel gas by supercritical water gasification

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Huet ◽  
Anne Roubaud ◽  
Dominique Lachenal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Complete Conversion ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Free Black ◽  
Maximum Conversion ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Supercritical Water Gasification

Abstract Supercritical water gasification of weak sulfur-free black liquor (BL) was performed in a batch autoclave at temperatures between 430°C and 470°C, pressure between 24 and 27 MPa and residence time between 2 and 63 min. Results show that the gas produced was a mixture of mainly hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide. Maximum conversion was achieved at 470°C and 60 min. Energy recovery (ER, ratio between the energy in the gas and in the initial BL) was 46%. Thirty-four percent of the carbon and 53% of the hydrogen initially present in BL were converted into gases. Nearly 15% of initial organic carbon remains in the liquid phase and consists mainly of phenolic compounds, which are stable under those conditions. A higher temperature is needed to convert all the organic carbon. Thermodynamic equilibrium should be reached at 700°C leading to a complete conversion and a better efficiency. Sodium recovery is close to typical kraft recovery value and compatible with causticizing.

scholarly journals Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds darken rapidly and phenolic content falls when stored at higher temperature, moisture and light intensity

LWT ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1703-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Nasar-Abbas ◽  
K.H.M. Siddique ◽  
J.A. Plummer ◽  
P.F. White ◽  
D. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Higher Temperature

Sperm Transfer in Gypsy Moths: Effect of Constant or Cyclic Temperature and Constant Light or Darkness during the Pupal Stage

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. I. Proshold
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Sperm Transfer ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Cyclic Temperature ◽  
Full Complement

Sperm transfer and fertility of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), held as pupae under constant temperature and 24-h light, 24-h darkness, or a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h were compared with males held in cyclic temperature and 24-h light, 24-h darkness, or a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Constant temperature and constant light or darkness severely reduced its ability to transfer sperm. Males held under constant light were more severely affected than males held in darkness, but sperm transfer was not correlated with light intensity (between 80 and 3960 lux). Nearly all males held under constant light and most held under constant darkness were sterile or partially sterile. In either case, sterility was caused by poor sperm transfer. Females with a full complement of sperm were fertile regardless of holding condition of male pupae. The sterilizing effect of constant light or darkness was overridden by cyclic temperature of 28°C for 16 h and 22°C for 8 h. At a photoperiod of 16:8 h, pupae held in constant 28°C transferred less sperm than those held at 25°C. Pupae held at constant 30°C were sterile, but those held at 30°C for 16 h and 25°C for 8 h transferred similar quantities of sperm as males held at constant 28°C.

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