scholarly journals Screening for Bioflocculant-Producing Bacteria from the Marine Environment of Sodwana Bay, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Ugbenyen ◽  
John J. Simonis ◽  
Albertus K. Basson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Clay Suspension ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Flocculation Test ◽  
Flocculating Activity

AbstractFlocculants are chemicals that mediate flocculation process, by aggregating colloids from suspension to form floc. Chemical flocculants are hazardous to the environment, which inform the search for safer and eco-friendly alternatives from microorganisms. Bacterial strains were isolated from water and sediment samples collected from Sodwana Bay, South Africa, and physiological properties of the bacterial strains were observed. Flocculation test using kaolin clay suspension was done on all isolates and the ones that showed flocculating activity were identified molecularly using 16 rRNA gene sequence analysis. Forty marine bacteria isolates were gotten from sediments and water samples collected from Sodwana Bay. Most of the isolates exhibited a range of colony pigmentation (pink, creamy, yellow, and white). After purification of individual isolates, they were screened for their potential to produce bioflocculant. The result revealed that isolates marked SOD3, SOD10, SOD12, SOD26, SOD27, SOD28, SOD32, SOD33 and SOD34 produced bioflocculants as shown by the flocculating activities from their crude extract. All these isolates showed good flocculation of kaolin clay suspension above 60% (flocculating activity) except SOD12. These bioflocculant producing isolates were identified asPseudoalteromonas sp,Alcaligenes faecalis,Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus stratosphericus. The results showed Sodwana Bay, South Africa as a reservoir of bacteria with potential to produce flocculants. However, further studies on the optimisation of culture conditions for bioflocculant production, extraction, characterisation and application of isolates is on the way to underscore the biotechnological importance of these microbes as producers of substitutes to harmful chemical flocculants commonly used in water and wastewater treatment.

Screening of a Flocculant-Producing Strain and Optimal Conditions for Production of Bioflocculant

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 829-833
Author(s):  
Jia Hong Wang ◽  
Jun Fei Wei ◽  
Hong Rui Ma
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Clay Suspension ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dilution Plate ◽  
Flocculating Activity ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
High Possibility

A bioflocculant-producing strain M-3 with high flocculating activity was isolated from soil by conventional panel lineation and dilution-plate methods. It was preliminarily identified as Aspergillus based on its morphological and physiological characteristics of colony. The single factor experiments were conducted to optimize cultivating factors affecting flocculating activity, the optimal culture conditions were found to be as follows: glucose 10 g/L, glutamate 2 g/L, cultivating time 36 h, cultivating temperature 37 oC, shaking speed 120 r/min, initial pH 10. The strain could produce high effective flocculants with flocculating activity of 98.3% for kaolin clay suspension, which afforded high possibility of its practical use.

scholarly journals Compost bacteria as potential agents in biological plant control

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Activity Spectrum ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

The assumptions of integrated pest management put great emphasis on the development of non-chemical methods which increases the interest in biological methods and the search for microorganisms that would be an alternative to the most frequently used fungicides. The aim of the experiments was the isolation of the compost bacteria, in vitro determination of their fungistatic activity against some pathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium, Alternaria, Sclerotinia, Botrytis, Rhizoctonia and Pythium and identification of selected isolates. From the backyard compost, 44 bacterial strains were isolated and assessed for the fungistatic properties by the well diffusion method. The obtained results allowed for the selection of 12 isolates of compost bacteria, characterised by the broadest and the strongest fungistatic activity spectrum against tested fungi. Identification of bacterial isolates by: MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods showed their belonging to the species Bacillus subtilis, Alcaligenes faecalis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Serratia liquefaciens.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterisation of endocrine disruptor nonylphenol-using bacteria from South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 113 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lehlohonolo B. Qhanya ◽  
Ntsane T. Mthakathi ◽  
Charlotte E. Boucher ◽  
Samson S. Mashele ◽  
Chrispian W. Theron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mpumalanga Province ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Phylogenetic Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are synthetic chemicals that alter the function of endocrine systems in animals including humans. EDCs are considered priority pollutants and worldwide research is ongoing to develop bioremediation strategies to remove EDCs from the environment. An understanding of indigenous microorganisms is important to design efficient bioremediation strategies. However, much of the information available on EDCs has been generated from developed regions. Recent studies have revealed the presence of different EDCs in South African natural resources, but, to date, studies analysing the capabilities of microorganisms to utilise/degrade EDCs have not been reported from South Africa. Here, we report for the first time on the isolation and enrichment of six bacterial strains from six different soil samples collected from the Mpumalanga Province, which are capable of utilising EDC nonylphenol as a carbon source. Furthermore, we performed a preliminary characterisation of isolates concerning their phylogenetic identification and capabilities to degrade nonylphenol. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that four isolates belonged to Pseudomonas and the remaining two belonged to Enterobacteria and Stenotrophomonas. All six bacterial species showed degradation of nonylphenol in broth cultures, as HPLC analysis revealed 41–46% degradation of nonylphenol 12 h after addition. The results of this study represent the beginning of identification of microorganisms capable of degrading nonylphenol, and pave the way for further exploration of EDC-degrading microorganisms from South Africa.

Study on the Optimal Fermentation Time and Kinetics of Bioflocculant Produced by Bacterium F2

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2379-2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xing ◽  
Ji Xian Yang ◽  
Fang Ma ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
Ke Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Clay Suspension ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Flocculating Activity ◽  
Flocculating Rate ◽  
Kinetics Of

We isolated flocculants-producing bacteria F2 from soil. It shows high and stable flocculating activity for Kaolin clay suspension. In order to increase yield of flocculants, we need determine the optimal obtained time. We measured the changes of several parameters using shaking flask experiment, including flocculating- rate, the content of polysaccharide, protein and glucose. It’s showed that the optimal obtained time of bio-flocculants is 21 h. And we built the model about the production of bio-flocculants. Through the comparison of experimental data and the corresponding calculated values from the models, we found that the data joint well and the model can provide theoretical basis for Industrialization of bio-flocculants.

scholarly journals Isolation of Strains Belonging to the Cosmopolitan Polynucleobacter necessarius Cluster from Freshwater Habitats Located in Three Climatic Zones

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 5248-5254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin W. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT More than 40 bacterial strains belonging to the cosmopolitan Polynucleobacter necessarius cluster (Betaproteobacteria) were isolated from a broad spectrum of freshwater habitats located in three climatic zones. Sequences affiliated with the freshwater P. necessarius cluster are among the most frequently detected in studies on bacterial diversity in freshwater ecosystems. Despite this frequent detection with culture-independent techniques and the cosmopolitan occurrence of members affiliated with this cluster, no isolates have been reported thus far. The isolated strains have been obtained from lakes, ponds, and rivers in central Europe, the People's Republic of China, and East Africa by use of the filtration-acclimatization method. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates are 98.8 to 100% identical to reference sequences obtained by various authors by use of culture-independent methods. The isolates, aerobic heterotrophs, grew on a wide range of standard complex media and formed visible colonies on agar plates. Thus, the previous lack of isolates cannot be explained by a lack of appropriate media. Most of the isolates possess, under a wide range of culture conditions, very small cells (<0.1 μm3), even when grown in medium containing high concentrations of organic substances. Thus, these strains are obligate ultramicrobacteria. The obtained strains have a C-shaped cell morphology which is very similar to that of recently isolated ultramicrobacterial Luna cluster strains (Actinobacteria) and the SAR11 cluster strains (Alphaproteobacteria).

scholarly journals Aromatic Hydrocarbons Degradation and Plasmid Profile of Marine Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Petroleum Contaminated Marine Environments of Niger Delta Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Bright Obidinma Uba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Aims: To determine the aromatic hydrocarbons degradability and plasmid profile of the marine bacteria isolated from Rivers State contaminated marine environments of Niger Delta. Study Design: Nine treatments and the controls designs were set up in triplicates containing 100 mL of sterile modified mineral basal medium in 500 mL conical flasks supplemented with 1 mg /L of xylene, anthracene and pyrene each; nine marine hydrocarbon degraders and incubated at 24 ºC for 24 days study. The nine treatments and control set ups designated as ANT1, XYL2, PYR3, ANT4, PYR5, ANT6, XYL7, XYL8, PYR9 and CTRL (Without hydrocarbons) were used to determine the aromatic hydrocarbons degradability and plasmid profile of the marine bacteria.   Place and Duration of Study: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa between September, 2015 and March, 2018. Methodology: A laboratory scale study was carried on six composite samples of the sediment and water samples from the three studied areas using enrichment, screening, selection, morphological, biochemical, degradation and plasmid assays. Results: The findings revealed that the three sampling sites harbour a lot of efficient aromatic degrading bacterial strains belonging to the genera: Providencia, Alcaligenes, Brevundimonas, Myroides, Serratia, and Bacillus able to significantly (P = .05) tolerate and grow on the aromatic hydrocarbons. The bacterial strains especially Serratia marcescens XYL7 significantly (P = .05) removed 99.50 ± 0.05 % and 60.00 ± 0.02 % in weights of xylene and pyrene, respectively while Alcaligenes faecalis PYR5 significantly (P =.05) degraded 97.40 ± 0.01 % in weight of anthracene. The degradations of the respective hydrocarbons were found to be plasmid mediated with plasmid sizes between 200 bp - 1.2 kbp. Conclusion: Thus, the excellent degradative abilities of these bacterial strains especially Serratia marcescens XYL7 could be exploited for bioremediation purposes in Nigeria.

A polyphasic strategy incorporating genomic data for the taxonomic description of novel bacterial species

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_2) ◽  
pp. 384-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhamodharan Ramasamy ◽  
Ajay Kumar Mishra ◽  
Jean-Christophe Lagier ◽  
Roshan Padhmanabhan ◽  
Morgane Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Taxonomy ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

Currently, bacterial taxonomy relies on a polyphasic approach based on the combination of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. However, the current situation is paradoxical in that the genetic criteria that are used, including DNA–DNA hybridization, 16S rRNA gene sequence nucleotide similarity and phylogeny, and DNA G+C content, have significant limitations, but genome sequences that contain the whole genetic information of bacterial strains are not used for taxonomic purposes, despite the decreasing costs of sequencing and the increasing number of available genomes. Recently, we diversified bacterial culture conditions with the aim of isolating uncultivated bacteria. To classify the putative novel species that we cultivated, we used a polyphasic strategy that included phenotypic as well as genomic criteria (genome characteristics as well as genomic sequence similarity). Herein, we review the pros and cons of genome sequencing for taxonomy and propose that the incorporation of genome sequences in taxonomic studies has the advantage of using reliable and reproducible data. This strategy, which we name taxono-genomics, may contribute to the taxonomic classification of bacteria.

scholarly journals Wide Distribution of Closely Related, Antibiotic-Producing Arthrobacter Strains throughout the Arctic Ocean

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 2039-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Wietz ◽  
Maria Månsson ◽  
Jeff S. Bowman ◽  
Nikolaj Blom ◽  
Yin Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Central Arctic Ocean ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTWe isolated 16 antibiotic-producing bacterial strains throughout the central Arctic Ocean, including sevenArthrobacterspp. with almost identical 16S rRNA gene sequences. These strains were numerically rare, as revealed using 454 pyrosequencing libraries.Arthrobacterspp. produced arthrobacilins A to C under different culture conditions, but other, unidentified compounds likely contributed to their antibiotic activity.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of potential compost degrading bacteria from agro-waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Saldatul As Wani Mohd Khalif ◽  
Nurul Zahidah Nordin ◽  
Nadiawati Alias
Keyword(s):  
Skim Milk ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Industrial Waste Management ◽  
Global Economic Growth

Agricultural industry plays a significant role in the global economic growth. It is estimated more than 15% of total waste in Asia are contributed by agro waste. Bacteria is known as one of the useful organisms actively found to surround the waste industry. They are considered as chemical decomposers and act as driving agent of composting that changes the chemistry of organic waste to simple compounds. Thus, this study was conducted to isolate and identify potential compostdegrading bacteria from agriculture waste at several sampling areas in Besut district, Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 49 bacteria strains were isolated using Tryptic Soya Agar (TSA) from seven groups of raw agro wastes (paddy husk, paddy straw, paddy soil, rock melon waste, rock melon soil, corn waste, and corn soil). Primary screening for potential enzyme production was carried out using selective media containing different substrates (sucrose, xylan, starch, skim milk, and pectin). Only 13 bacterial strains were found positive for protease, nine bacteria strains positive for xylanase, and three bacteria strains were found positive for amylase. Identification of bacteria strains were performed using phenotypic, biochemical tests, and genotypic approaches by 16S rRNA gene sequence. Based on NCBI BLAST analysis, we have identified several bacteria strains: Bacillus cereus (strain B), Alcaligenes faecalis (strain C), Micrococcus sp. (strain D), Pseudomonas stutzeri (strain E), Enterobacter cloacae (strain G), and Serratia marcescens (strain J). Strain F and strain H were identified under distinct family of Enterobacteriaceae, while strain I was identified from Pseudomonadeles order which might represent a new type of proteobacteria strain. These potential waste degrading bacteria could be further analyzed and studies for their true potential in many areas including agriculture and industrial waste management as an approach to reduce waste accumulation in eco-friendly way.

scholarly journals Campylobacter insulaenigrae bacteremia with meningitis: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moe Kyotani ◽  
Tsuneaki Kenzaka ◽  
Hozuka Akita ◽  
Soichi Arakawa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Chronic Subdural Hematoma ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fisher Syndrome ◽  
First Case

Abstract Background The bacterium Campylobacter insulaenigrae was first isolated from marine mammals of Scotland in 2004. Only one case of C. insulaenigrae infection in humans has been previously reported. Case presentation An 89-year-old Japanese man without dementia was admitted to our hospital, because he presented with a fever of 38 °C and weakness in right leg since 5 days. He had organized chronic subdural hematoma (CSH), and no history of pre-infection. At the time of admission, he had paralysis of the extraocular muscle, ataxia, and low manual muscle test score of the right side. He was suspected to have Miller Fisher syndrome; however, these symptoms improved without any treatment. On day 22 in the hospital, the patient presented a fever of 38.8 °C, left cranial nerve disorder, and hemiplegia. On day 25, the patient presented with signs of meningeal irritation; cerebrospinal fluid examination indicated an increase in the number of apocytes and a low glucose level. A contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the patient’s head indicated a contrast enhancement effect in his right meninges. The blood culture showed presence of spirillums; 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that the spirillums in the blood culture were Campylobacter insulaenigrae (C. insulaenigrae). We started treatment with meropenem for bacteremia and meningitis. When the symptoms improved, meropenem was replaced with ampicillin, based on the result of the drug sensitivity test. The treatment continued for 4 weeks. Conclusions We report the first case of meningitis caused by C. insulaenigrae bacteremia in humans, and the second clinical report of C. insulaenigrae infection in humans. The bacterial strains isolated from humans and marine mammals had different genotypes. This suggests that different genotypes could be responsible for differences in the hosts. Further case studies are needed to establish the reasons behind the difference in the manifestations of C. insulaenigrae infections reported so far.

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