The electromagnetic calculations of complex motion common magnetic circuit electromagnetic converter

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kamiński ◽  
Paweł Góralski
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Complex Motion ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Rotary Mechanism ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Electromagnetic Calculations

Abstract This document contains results of research on complex motion common magnetic circuit electromagnetic converter characteristic that allows making independent axial and rotary shaft motion. The converter in addition to linear-rotary mechanism consists of two drive rotors and one common magnetic circuit excitator. Such a solution allows to reduce volume of the machine and makes it easier to use. The paper cites design intent and possible structure of the device. Phenomenon of common magnetic circuit adverse effect on correct operation of device is discussed. The concept of using relative error as a way to evaluate the influence of that phenomenon in the torques is discussed. Waveforms of determined relative errors for all possible cases is presented. Furthermore the concept of average relative error is defined and its use as a quantitative method of assessing the degree of common circuit impact is indicated. Definition of relative error ripple factor is given, and its usage is shown. Winding inductance calculation based on free FEM application is shown and its influence on control strategy and power system

Application of pyrometer and standard sample to determine surface temperature of studied materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
V.Ya. Mendeleyev ◽  
V.A. Petrov ◽  
A.V. Yashin ◽  
A.I. Vangonen ◽  
O.K. Taganov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Normal Emissivity

Determining the surface temperature of materials with unknown emissivity is studied. A method for determining the surface temperature using a standard sample of average spectral normal emissivity in the wavelength range of 1,65–1,80 μm and an industrially produced Metis M322 pyrometer operating in the same wavelength range. The surface temperature of studied samples of the composite material and platinum was determined experimentally from the temperature of a standard sample located on the studied surfaces. The relative error in determining the surface temperature of the studied materials, introduced by the proposed method, was calculated taking into account the temperatures of the platinum and the composite material, determined from the temperature of the standard sample located on the studied surfaces, and from the temperature of the studied surfaces in the absence of the standard sample. The relative errors thus obtained did not exceed 1,7 % for the composite material and 0,5% for the platinum at surface temperatures of about 973 K. It was also found that: the inaccuracy of a priori data on the emissivity of the standard sample in the range (–0,01; 0,01) relative to the average emissivity increases the relative error in determining the temperature of the composite material by 0,68 %, and the installation of a standard sample on the studied materials leads to temperature changes on the periphery of the surface not exceeding 0,47 % for composite material and 0,05 % for platinum.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Control Model and Simulation for Nonlinear Supply Chain System with Lead Times

Complexity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songtao Zhang ◽  
Yanting Hou ◽  
Siqi Zhang ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Fuzzy Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Chain System ◽  
Model And Simulation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
System Variables

A new fuzzy robust control strategy for the nonlinear supply chain system in the presence of lead times is proposed. Based on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy control system, the fuzzy control model of the nonlinear supply chain system with lead times is constructed. Additionally, we design a fuzzy robust H∞ control strategy taking the definition of maximal overlapped-rules group into consideration to restrain the impacts such as those caused by lead times, switching actions among submodels, and customers’ stochastic demands. This control strategy can not only guarantee that the nonlinear supply chain system is robustly asymptotically stable but also realize soft switching among subsystems of the nonlinear supply chain to make the less fluctuation of the system variables by introducing the membership function of fuzzy system. The comparisons between the proposed fuzzy robust H∞ control strategy and the robust H∞ control strategy are finally illustrated through numerical simulations on a two-stage nonlinear supply chain with lead times.

Determination of Xanthates, Dithiocarbamates, and Some Fungicides by Titration with Electrogenerated Iodine in Anhydrous Acetonitrile

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-650
Author(s):  
Dale D Clyde
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Anhydrous Acetonitrile ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Cell Compartment ◽  
End Point ◽  
Relative Errors

Abstract Xanthates, dithiocarbamates, and the fungicides maneb and zineb were determined by titration with electrogenerated iodine in anhydrous acetonitrile. The electrolyte was potassium iodide. The generating electrode was a platinum spiral (2.5 cm diameter, 2 mm cross section). The enclosed cell compartment was continuously flushed with dry nitrogen, and sample solutions (0.20-0.40 mL) were introduced by syringe. With the aid of 2 platinum electrodes, the end point was indicated amperometrically. Ten minutes was required for each determination. The compounds were determined at ≥5 μequiv. with relative errors of 0.21-9%. Precision is 0.60-5.7%. Thiourea, sulfur, and urea did not interfere, but thioacetamide did. Solutions of maneb and zineb in dimethyl sulfoxide are stable enough that μequiv. amounts of each compound can be determined with a relative error of 7% or less.

scholarly journals Professional Development of Teachers in Colleges of Pakistan: A Comparative Case Study of Public and Private Colleges of Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Danial Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Summated Rating Scale ◽  
Professional Development Programs ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose:The aim of the researchers in this effort is to identify the challenges and barrier faced by teachers in colleges of Pakistan regarding their professional development. The study also discovers realistic implication and adaptation which can be used in order to have highly professionally developed teachers in colleges.Objective of the study:The current research is conducted to find the different professional development characteristic and different factors which are beneficial in professional development of college teachers as well as the factors which are the root cause of creating deficiencies in professional development programs of teachers, especially for college teachers.Methodology:In conducting the current research study the researchers had used the qualitative method and quantitative method. In quantitative method Likert scale or in other words summated rating scale is used; as it is easiest to construct and by the definition of this scale each statement on the scale have equal importance or weight.  Sample taken to conduct this research study is 120 teachers from both the sectors as 60 public and 60 private respectively. Besides the questionnaire, interview technique is also been used to carry out the mention research.Findings: The major findings of research has reveled that professional development programs at institutional level are not carried in its required intensity moreover these programs if executed properly then could increase teachers’ satisfaction, student learning and learning output. However such programs are aimless as these programs are run without any definite purpose. Moreover it is found that there are inadequate course contents and trainers are mostly untrained. Also seminars are not conducted due to insufficient allocated funds and if seminars are conducted these results to be unproductive. Employee in educational institutions are not provided some sort of scholarship programs

Toward a frame-semantic definition of sound-symbolic words: A collocational analysis of Japanese mimetics

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimi Akita,
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
General Frame ◽  
Semantic Point ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Semantic Definition

AbstractThis article presents empirical evidence of the high referential specificity of sound-symbolic words, based on a FrameNet-aided analysis of collocational data of Japanese mimetics. The definition of mimetics, particularly their semantic definition, has been crosslinguistically the most challenging problem in the literature, and different researchers have used different adjectives (most notably, “vivid,” since Doke 1935) to describe their semantic peculiarity. The present study approaches this longstanding issue from a frame-semantic point of view combined with a quantitative method. It was found that mimetic manner adverbials generally form a frame-semantically restricted range of verbal/nominal collocations than non-mimetic ones. Each mimetic can thus be considered to evoke a highly specific frame, which elaborates the general frame evoked by its typical host predicate and contains a highly limited set of frame elements, which correlate and constrain one another. This conclusion serves as a unified account of previously reported phenomena concerning mimetics, including the lack of hyponymy, the one-mimetic-per-clause restriction, and unparaphrasability. This study can be also viewed as a methodological proposal for the measurement of frame specificity, which supplements bottom-up linguistic tests.

A Quantitative Method for Differentiating Malignant and Benign Pulmonary Nodules

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3830-3834
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Sheng Dong Nie ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Yuan Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Nodule ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Lung Nodule ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Lung Nodule Detection ◽  
Objective Standard ◽  
Nodule Detection ◽  
Pulmonary Nodule Detection ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Important Basis

It is common sense that CAD has great significance in the lung nodule detection. But it is still controversial whether the CAD can also automatically differentiates between malignant and benign pulmonary nodules. The primary cause of this controversy is due to the subjective definition of 9 characteristics of nodules which are important basis of nodule identification. In other word, these characteristics are too dependent on the doctor scoring, and no objective standard of them has built which make these characteristics can be obtained by calculation.The main aim of this paper is to establish a quantitative method of the characteristics and refine these nine characteristics. This new method is used to find the objective replacement (a series features which can be measured through algorithms) of these subjective characteristics of the pulmonary nodule detection with Bayesian analysis.The experiment of our method proves that it is feasible to substitute the features of Pulmonary Nodule obtained by calculating for the characteristics of the nodule which only used to be gotten by the subjective judgment of doctors.

scholarly journals Forecast of regional water demand based on NSGAII-FORAGM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Chunye Liu ◽  
Li Tang
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Average Relative Error ◽  
Tertiary Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yulin City ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Regional Water

Abstract Regional water demand is an important basic data for regional engineering planning, design and management. Making full use of multi-source data and prior knowledge to quickly and economically obtain high-precision regional water demand is of great significance to the optimal allocation of regional water resources. In order to accurately predict the regional water demand, this study took Yulin City as a research area to predict the water demand of the city from 2017 to 2019. Aiming at the oscillating characteristics of the regional water demand sequence and the over-fitting problem of traditional prediction models, this study proposed the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II-fractional order reverse accumulative grey model (NSGAII-FORAGM). The regional water demand oscillation sequence was transformed into a monotonically decreasing non-negative sequence. Based on the transformation sequence, an optimization model was constructed according to the two objective functions of ‘maximum (or minimum) order’ and ‘best fit to historical data’, and the NSGAII method were adopted to solve the model. The three model structures of ‘fractional order’, ‘reverse accumulation’ and ‘obtaining order through multi-objective optimization model ‘ were tested based on the water use sequence of the three sectors (industry, tertiary industry and domestic) in Yulin City, and the performance of the method is compared with NSGAII-IORAGM, NSGAII-FOFAGM and SOGA-FORAGM. The results showed that the average relative error of the model established in this study for the simulation of industry, tertiary industry (The tertiary industry is a technical name for the service sector of the economy, which encompasses a wide range of businesses), and domestic was 15.54%, 11.20%, 9.98% respectively. The average relative error of the model established in this study for the prediction of industry, tertiary industry and domestic was 9.46%, 7.9%, 1.8% respectively. For the simulation of water demand sequences in three sections, the simulation average relative errors of the other three models were not absolutely dominant except for the SOGA-FORAGM model. The average relative predicted error by the model in this study was the smallest (The relative errors of the three sequence predictions for industry, tertiary industry and domestic were lower than the relative errors of the optimal results of the comparison model, which were 0.97%, 0.72% and 4.5%, respectively), indicating that the model had certain applicability for the water demand prediction of various sectors (industry, tertiary industry and domestic) in the region compared with other models, and can improve the accuracy of the prediction results.

scholarly journals Study of the seasonal variation in Aeolus wind product performance over China using ERA5 and radiosonde data

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 11489-11504
Author(s):  
Siying Chen ◽  
Rongzheng Cao ◽  
Yixuan Xie ◽  
Yinchao Zhang ◽  
Wangshu Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
L Band ◽  
Relative Errors

Abstract. Aeolus wind products became available to the public on 12 May 2020. In this study, Aeolus wind observations, L-band radiosonde (RS) data, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts fifth-generation atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) data were used to analyze the seasonality of Aeolus wind product performance over China. Based on the Rayleigh-clear and Mie-cloudy data, the data quality of the Aeolus effective detection data was verified, and the results showed that the Aeolus data were in good agreement with the L-band RS and ERA5 data. The Aeolus data relative errors in the four regions (Chifeng, Baoshan, Shapingba, and Qingyuan) in China were calculated based on different months (July to December 2019 and May to October 2020). The relative error in the Rayleigh-clear data in summer was significantly higher than that in winter, with the mean relative error parameter in July 174 % higher than that in December. The mean random error increased by 0.97 m s−1 in July compared with December, which also supported this conclusion. In addition, the distribution of the wind direction and high-altitude clouds in different months (July and December) was analyzed. The results showed that the distribution of the angle between the horizontal wind direction of the atmosphere and the horizontal line of sight had a greater proportion in the high error interval (70–110∘) in summer, and this proportion was 8.14 % higher in July than in December. The cloud top height in summer was approximately 3–5 km higher than that in winter, which might decrease the signal-to-noise ratio of Aeolus. Therefore, the wind product performance of Aeolus was affected by seasonal factors, which might be caused by seasonal changes in wind direction and cloud distribution.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNIQUE OF QUANTITATIVE DEFINITION OF TRIAZAVIRIN IN WATER SOLUTIONS WITH USE OF THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHOD

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Kinev ◽  
O. A. Melnikova ◽  
A. Yu. Petro ◽  
D. V. Zaboyarkina
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽  
Metrological Characteristics ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Quantitative Definition ◽  
Direct Spectrophotometry

Authors of article developed techniques of quantitative definition Triazavirin in water solutions with use of a method of a spectrophotometry. Three options of a method of a s spectrophotometry are used: direct spectrophotometry, spectrophotometry according to A.M. Firordt, a spectrophotometry with use of standard solution. For all techniques calculation of metrological characteristics is carried out. The developed techniques of quantitative definition were applicable for practical use in the pharmaceutical analysis. The relative error of quantitative definition Triazavirin in water solutions made 0.37%, 0.14% and 8.29% respectively for a direct spectrophotometry, a spectrophotometry with use of standard solution, a spectrophotometry according to A.M. Firordt.

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