scholarly journals Plant Regeneration Via Organogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis in Verbascum Sinuatum L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Karamian ◽  
Fatemeh Ghasemlou
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Buds ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Mature Embryos

Abstract The genus Verbascum L. belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and its members are used as medicinal herbs in traditional medicines worldwide. In this study we achieved plant regeneration in Verbascum sinuatum L. via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis by culture of mature embryos. Embryogenic and nonembryogenic calli were induced from mature embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) and a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (but not for 1.5 and 3 mg l−1 NAA). For multiplication of somatic embryoids and differentiation of shoot buds, yellow and friable embryonic calli were transferred to MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose, 0.5 mg l−1 charcoal and 0.1 or 1 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) or to MS medium containing 60 g l−1 sucrose, 50 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate (CH), 0.5 mg l−1 kinetin (Kin), 5 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l−1 charcoal. Shoot multiplication and plantlet regeneration were achieved by transferring shoot buds to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 BA or Kin.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in purple food yam (Dioscorea alata L.)

2008 ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Belarmino ◽  
Jocelyn Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Leaf Petiole

A study was conducted to establish a reliable procedure for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from callus cultures of purple food yam (Dioscorea alata L.). The procedure involved three steps; (1) culture of nodal stem segments from greenhousegrown plants to generate in vitro plantlets; (2) induction of callus from the leaf, petiole and nodal stem tissues; and (3) initiation of somatic embryo from callus. Results showed that the agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 30 gl-1 sugar, 0.1 gl-1 α-cysteine , 10 mgl-1 calcium pantothenic acid, 2.0 mgl-1 asparagine, 2.0 mgl-1 arginine, 80.0 mgl-1 adenine sulfate (AdSO4) and 0.1 mgl-1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) effectively broke dormancy of lateral buds of nodal stem cultures from both ‘VU-2’ and ‘Kinampay‘ varieties. Production of multiple adventitious shoots occurred after transfer of in vitro nodal pieces to the same medium added with 1.0 mgl-1 benzylamino purine (BAP) or, MSA medium. Callus was effectively induced from the vegetative tissues in MS medium added with 1.0 mgl-1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) or, with picloram. Among the three types of explants, the nodal stem was the most suitable which produced purplish nodular embryogenic callus. A higher percentage of nodal stem-derived calli produced globular embryos in MS medium containing 1.0 mgl-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mgl-1 BAP, or in 1.0 mgl-1 picloram and 0.5 mgl-1 BAP than, in the plant growth regulator-free medium (control). The maturation of embryos was facilitated by one-month culture in MS medium containing 0.1 mgl-1 ABA and 100 mgl-1 glutamine. This step improved the germination of somatic embryos in one-half strength PGR-free MS medium containing 100 mgl-1 glutamine (regeneration medium). All somatic embryoderived plantlets were morphologically normal and established well in soil.

Plant Regeneration from Cultured Medicago truncatula with Particular Reference to Abscisic Acid and Light Treatments

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Nolan ◽  
R. J. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Marked Inhibition ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
Auxin Concentration

Medicago truncatula (Jemalong 2HA) can be regenerated by somatic embryogenesis utilising 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). There is a requirement for both NAA and BAP for callus induction and embryo formation. There is no requirement for a drop in auxin concentration to induce embryos. Abscisic acid (ABA) when present with NAA and BAP during embryo formation at a concentration of 1 µM, increases the number of embryos per callus. The ABA treatment stimulates embryo numbers in both light and darkness. The conversion efficiency of embryo to plant is unchanged irrespective of the presence of ABA during embryo formation, indicating that ABA does not improve the regeneration of the embryos once formed. Importantly, the presence of light in the embryo formation period causes a marked inhibition of embryo conversion.

scholarly journals Effect of the combination of NAA, kinetin and sucrose on the induction of somatic embryogenesis in lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernando Criollo ◽  
Margarita Perea ◽  
Mariano Toribio ◽  
Johanna Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Plant Propagation ◽  
Cotyledonary Leaf

Lulo is a species of great importance to the fruticulture of Colombia, but has significant phytosanitary problems that require an aggressive breeding program oriented toward the production of genotypes with tolerance to phytopathogens. These programs need to establish highly efficient mass plant propagation protocols, such as somatic embryogenesis. This study focused on research on the somatic embryogenesis of lulo using kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid-NAA (Plant Growth Regulators, PGRs), and different sucrose concentrations in a MS medium. Two lulo varieties, Solanum quitoense var. septentrionale and S. quitoense var. quitoense, and two explant types (hypocotyl and cotyledon) were used, incubated in dark conditions at 25±2°C. The highest production percentage of the embryos was obtained when 50 mM of NAA were added to the medium with sucrose (50.0 and 263.1 mM) for the two explant types used. In lulo with spines, the highest percentage of embryonic structures (50%) was observed with cotyledonary leaf explants and 50 mM of NAA ; while in the spineless lulo, the embryonic structures were observed in the same type of explant with 50 mM of NAA + 263.1 mM of sucrose (32%).

EFFICIENT CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANT REGENERATION VIA SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM IMMATURE LEAF-DERIVED PROTOPLASTS OF GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perumal Venkatachalam ◽  
Narayanasamypillai Jayabalan
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
High Yields ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

High yields of protoplasts were obtained from immature leaves of aseptically grown plants of Arachis hypogaea using an enzyme solution containing cellulase 2.0% (w/v) and Macerozyme 1.0% (w/v) in 0.6 M mannitol. Isolated protoplasts were cultured in Kao's medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The protoplasts started to divide after 3–5 days of culture. Sustained divisions resulted in mass production of cell colonies and mini calli in 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, protoplast colonies were transferred to the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and BAP. Colonies proliferated into actively growing calli. Further attempts to regenerate plants from such calli were not successful. However, protoclones differentiated roots on the same medium. Alternative methods for plant regeneration from protoplast derived callus cultures were tried through somatic embryogenesis. Protoplast-derived calli treated with 2,4-D and BAP formed somatic embryos. Somatic embryogenesis began in the proembryo stage and proceeded from globular to dicotyledonary stage. Embryos were then transferred onto hormone-free MS medium for germination. Five to ten percent of these embryoids germinated and grew to plantlets. Regenerated plants were transferred to plastic cups and grown to maturity.

scholarly journals Micropropagation and Conservation of Fig (Ficus Carica L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1669-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Shatnawi ◽  
Rida A. Shibli ◽  
Wesam G. Shahrour ◽  
Tamara S. Al-Qudah ◽  
Abu-Zahra Taleb
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Height

An efficient protocol is outlined for rapid and mass micropropagation of Ficus carica L. (fig). Shoot tips (5 mm) were obtained from mother plants stock grown on half strength Murashige and Skoog (½ MS) medium with the addition of 30 g/L sucrose. For shoot multiplication Benzyl amino purine (BAP) and kinetin produced differences number of new shoot per plant and shoot height. BAP at 0.4 mg/L in combination with 0.2 mg/L indole-3-butyric-acid (IBA) produce maximum in vitro propagation rate, with 4.2 shoots per ex-plant. Root initiation was experimented on MS medium containing different concentrations of mg/L, IBA, IAA (Indole-3-acetic-acid) (IAA) or Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Highest number of root (4.3) was resulted when 1.5 mg/L IBA was used. After acclimatization in a mixture of (1 soil: 1 perlite: 1 peat) survival rate of 80% was achieved. For in vitro conservation of F. carica was experimented as microshoots were stored for 40 weeks on MS medium containing different sucrose concentration. Medium supplemented with 3% sucrose gave the highest regrowth (89%) at 24 ± 2 °C. Culture grew slowly when transferred to new fresh medium after the storage periods.

scholarly journals In vitro propagation of popular banana cultivar (Musa spp. Cv. Patakpura)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-648
Author(s):  
Bandita Deo ◽  
Bikram Keshari ◽  
Bikram Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Initial Culture ◽  
Banana Cultivar

The present experiment was conducted to optimize protocols for in vitro propagation of banana (Musa sp.) cv. ‘Patakpura’ (AAB), supplemented with different growth regulators. Shoot tips obtained from sword suckers were cultured aseptically on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins like 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Kinetin (KN) for multiplication of shootsand auxins such as indole acetic acid (IAA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for induction of roots. The best result from the initial culture was obtained from MS medium supplimented with 4 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IAA. The highest shoot fresh weight, shoot length and number of shoots per explant were recorded from MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IAA + 0.25 mg/l NAA. Therefore, the MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IAA + 0.25 mg/l NAA was found to be most effective and productive combination for shoot multiplication and proliferation of the culture in vitro. IAA at a concentration of 1 mg/l was found to be most suitable for rooting of the shoots. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(4): 641-648, December 2019

In vitro propagation of Camellia fascicularis: a plant species with extremely small populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Mengting Wang ◽  
Guiliang Zhang ◽  
Peiyao Xin ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Ms Medium

Camellia fascicularis is an endangered evergreen ornamental plant with pale yellow flowers. An efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration method is required for its large-scale propagation and germplasm conservation. In this study, one axillary bud per nodal stem was obtained from C. fascicularis cultured on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.1 mg L−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) combined with 1.0 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Axillary buds from the stem segments were transferred to modified woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 3.0 mg L−1 BA in combination with 0.3 mg L−1 IAA for multiplication, thereby resulting in a high shoot multiplication rate of 6.8. Multiple shoots were divided into nodal stems and shoot tips and were induced to root. The shoot tips were induced to root by culturing on one-half MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in combination with 0.3 mg L−1 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), which resulted in 76.0% rooting efficiency with 2.3 roots per shoot. The optimal hormone ratio for inducing rooting of nodal stems was 1.0 mg L−1 IBA in combination with 2.0 mg L−1 NAA, which resulted in 72.7% rooting efficiency with 1.7 roots per nodal stem. These two rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in a greenhouse.

Plant Regeneration in Sorbus. pohuashanenesis Hedl by Somatic Embryogenesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1462-1466
Author(s):  
Ling Yang ◽  
Yu Hua Li ◽  
Hai Long Shen
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Immature Zygotic Embryos

Somatic embryogenesis was obtained by using immature zygotic embryos of S. pohuashanesis as explants and emblings were obtained. For induction of somatic embryos, immature zygotic embryos which 30 days old after pollination were cultured on solid MS medium with 1.0 mg•L-1 NAA, 0.1 mg•L-1 6-BA, 500 mg•L-1casein hydrolysate (CH) and 40 g•L-1 sucrose . Inducted somatic embryos were cultured in solid MS medium containing 500 mg•L-1CH and 40 g•L-1 sucrose. After 30 days of culture, many normal cotyledonary embryos were produced. Plantlets were regenerated when somatic embryos were transferred to MS medium with 30 g•L-1 sucrose. The somatic embryos germinated at a germination frequency of approximately 80%, but rate of the plantlets that successfully acclimated and continued growing was 40% in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis in the leaf tissue of Hedyotis diffusa Willd.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Anh Thi Kim Nguyen ◽  
Tham Thi Thu Hoang ◽  
Hoang Ngo Phan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
Hedyotis Diffusa ◽  
Leaf Segments

Hedyotis diffusa is a valuable medicinal herb belong to the Rubiaceae family. It is widely used in the treatment of various types of cancer and other diseases related to leukemia. Besides, the plant usually contains triterpenoids (oleanolic acid, ursolic acid) and flavonoids which have a range of pharmacological activities of antiinflammatory, antibacterial, hypoglycemic, antifree radicals, reducing blood lipids and anticancer. Leaf segments of 3 weeks old H. diffusa were cultured on half strength Murashige and Skoog (½MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of indole acetic acid (IAA; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/L) or α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/L) and benzyladenine (BA) at a concentration of 1mg/L. In this study, the highest percentage of somatic embryogenesis was obtained using 0.1 mg/L IAA and 1 mg/L BA, and 0.2 mg/L IAA and 1 mg/L BA. The somatic embryos develop through a series of morphological stages: globular type, heart, torpedo and mature embryos. Besides, the highest number of shoots per explant was achieved in the same media. The middle and the distal end segments were found the most suitable for somatic embryogenesis. Morphological changes and the role of endogenous hormones in somatic embryo formation were analyzed. The position of the leaf segments of the same leaf, respiration rate, and endogenous hormone and somatic embryo formation were also discussed.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Viola canescens Wall. Ex. Roxb.: An Endangered Himalayan Herb

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Khajuria ◽  
Christophe Hano ◽  
Narendra Singh Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Root Axis ◽  
Somatic Embryo Induction

Viola canescens Wall. ex. Roxb. is an important but threatened medicinal herb found at 1500–2400 m above mean sea level in the Himalayas. Overexploitation and habitat preference have put the plant under serious threat. Thus, the present study was undertaken to develop an efficient protocol for in vitro propagation via somatic embryogenesis. The results revealed that plant can be regenerated successfully through somatic embryogenesis using leaf derived calli. Regular subculturing of calli on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)/indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)/kinetin (Kn) and varying combinations of 2,4-D+Kn induced somatic embryogenesis. The maximum average number of somatic embryos (SE) (19.15 ± 2.66) was induced on the medium with 0.15 + 0.05 mg L−1 of 2,4-D and Kn, respectively, and this medium was used as a control. To enhance somatic embryo induction, the control MS medium was supplemented with l-glutamine (200–400 mg L−1) and casein hydrolysate (1–4%). The maximum average number of SE (27.66 ± 2.67) and average mature SE (13.16 ± 3.48) were recorded on the medium having 2 % l-glutamine and 50 mg L−1 casein hydrolysate. The induced SE were asynchronous, so, to foster their maturation, the culture medium (free from growth regulators) was supplemented with abscisic acid (ABA) and silver nitrate (AgNO3). The maximum average number (35.96 ± 3.68) of mature SE was noticed on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1 ABA. Mature embryos had two well-developed cotyledons and an elongated hypocotyl root axis. The development of SE into plantlets was significant for embryos matured on the medium with AgNO3 and ABA, with 86.67% and 83.33% conversion on the medium with 0.20 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The plantlets thus produced acclimatized in a growth chamber before being transferred to the field, which showed 89.89% survival. The plants were morphologically similar to the mother plant with successful flowering.

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