scholarly journals Polymer Materials. Structural Development of PEN/PET Blend Film during Drawing at High Temperature.

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1263-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syozo MURAKAMI ◽  
Elinor L. BEDIA ◽  
Shinzo KOHJIYA
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Blend Film

Development of the Next Generation Thermoplastic Hose Umbilical

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Rutherford ◽  
Alan Dobson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
The North ◽  
Functional Components

Thermoplastic Control Umbilicals, as shown in Figure 1, have been deployed subsea for decades globally. Typically, these have been installed in harsh dynamic environments such as the North Sea, very cold environments such as the North Atlantic and very warm environments such as the coastal waters of Middle East and Asia Pacific. The inherent fatigue and corrosion resistance of the functional components can offer significant operational advantages while umbilical make-up and manufacturing process can offer significant cost and schedule advantages. As the industry has moved into deeper warmer water regions since the late 1990’s, such as the Gulf of Mexico and West Africa, some of the limitations of conventional thermoplastic umbilicals, such as inherent collapse resistance or design working pressures became barriers for the adoption of the technology. In recent years there have been many new polymer materials developed that provide increased tenacity and temperature stability which subsequently have enabled an evolution in thermoplastic hose technology. This has facilitated the development of the next generation of high temperature, high pressure, collapse resistant hoses that can be deployed in deep water. This paper defines the testing carried out on the constituent parts of the composite hose primarily focusing on the liner and details typical modes of degradation associated with high temperature, pressure or tension. The new material technologies will be benchmarked against conventional materials traditionally used in less aggressive environments. This paper will detail the results of the development program aimed at optimising the hose design process and implementing the cutting edge materials in order to qualify a robust series of hose designs qualified to the stringent requirements of ISO 13628-5 [1]. The paper will also detail the development of the new termination coupling which has been developed in parallel with the next generation hose and which provides a reliable and robust method of coupling the hose to the subsea control system or joining two lengths of hose together. The paper will conclude with a case study comparing a typical deep water installation of a steel tube umbilical with an equivalent thermoplastic umbilical, highlighting the benefits of the new thermoplastic umbilical designs.

A Review of Polymer Materials for Solar Water Heating Systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghu Raman ◽  
Susan Mantell ◽  
Jane Davidson ◽  
Chunhui Wu ◽  
Gary Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water

This paper summarizes current research aimed at using polymer materials for glazing and heat exchanger components in solar water heating systems. Functional requirements, relevant polymer properties and an approach for selecting polymers are described for each of these components. Glazing must have high transmittance across the solar spectrum and withstand long term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. Candidate glazing materials were tested outdoors for one year in Golden, Phoenix and Miami, as well as exposed for over 300 days in an accelerated testing facility at a concentration ratio of two at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Measurements of hemispherical transmittance indicate that a 3.35 mm polycarbonate sheet with a thin film acrylic UV screen provides good transmittance without excessive degradation. The primary challenge to designing a polymer heat exchanger is selecting a polymer that is compatible with potable water and capable of withstanding the high pressure and temperature requirements of domestic hot water systems. Polymers certified for hot water applications by the National Sanitation Foundation or currently used in heat exchangers and exhibit good high temperature characteristics were compared on the basis of a merit value (thermal conductance per unit area per dollar) and manufacturer’s recommendations. High temperature nylon (HTN), polypropylene (PP) and cross linked polypropylene (PEX) are recommended for tube components. For structural components (i.e. headers), glass reinforced high temperature nylon (HTN), polyphthalamide (PPA), polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) and polypropylene (PP) are recommended. [S0199-6231(00)00902-3]

Dual Extrusion FDM Printer for Flexible and Rigid Polymers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett McGrady ◽  
Kevin Walsh
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Robotic Assembly ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Maximum Temperature Difference ◽  
Fused Deposition

Abstract Commercially available fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers have yet to bridge the gap between printing soft, flexible materials and printing hard, rigid materials. This work presents a custom printer solution, based on open-source hardware and software, which allows a user to print both flexible and rigid polymer materials. The materials printed include NinjaFlex, SemiFlex, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), Nylon, and Polycarbonate. In order to print rigid materials, a custom, high-temperature heated bed was designed to act as a print stage. Additionally, high temperature extruders were included in the design to accommodate the printing requirements of both flexible and rigid filaments. Across 25 equally spaced points on the print plate, the maximum temperature difference between any two points on the heated bed was found to be ∼9°C for a target temperature of 170°C. With a uniform temperature profile across the plate, functional prints were achieved in each material. The print quality varied, dependent on material; however, the standard deviation of layer thicknesses and size measurements of the parts were comparable to those produced on a Zortrax M200 printer. After calibration and further process development, the custom printer will be integrated into the NEXUS system — a multiscale additive manufacturing instrument with integrated 3D printing and robotic assembly (NSF Award #1828355).

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