The Measurement with Respect to Statical Characteristics, of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics (FRP) by the Light Transmission Method

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (204) ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taichi FUJII ◽  
Kiyoshi MIZUKAWA ◽  
Masaru ZAKO
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Reinforced Plastics

scholarly journals Preferential flow systems amended with biogeochemical components: imaging of a two-dimensional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2487-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley R. Pales ◽  
Biting Li ◽  
Heather M. Clifford ◽  
Shyla Kupis ◽  
Nimisha Edayilam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Unstable Flow ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Soil Component ◽  
Finger Width ◽  
Plant Exudates ◽  
Soil Components

Abstract. The vadose zone is a highly interactive heterogeneous system through which water enters the subsurface system by infiltration. This paper details the effects of simulated plant exudate and soil component solutions upon unstable flow patterns in a porous medium (ASTM silica sand; US Silica, Ottawa, IL, USA) through the use of two-dimensional tank light transmission method (LTM). The contact angle (θ) and surface tension (γ) of two simulated plant exudate solutions (i.e., oxalate and citrate) and two soil component solutions (i.e., tannic acid and Suwannee River natural organic matter, SRNOM) were analyzed to determine the liquid–gas and liquid–solid interface characteristics of each. To determine if the unstable flow formations were dependent on the type and concentration of the simulated plant exudates and soil components, the analysis of the effects of the simulated plant exudate and soil component solutions were compared to a control solution (Hoagland nutrient solution with 0.01 M NaCl). Fingering flow patterns, vertical and horizontal water saturation profiles, water saturation at the fingertips, finger dimensions and velocity, and number of fingers were obtained using the light transmission method. Significant differences in the interface properties indicated a decrease between the control and the plant exudate and soil component solutions tested; specifically, the control (θ= 64.5∘ and γ= 75.75 mN m−1) samples exhibited a higher contact angle and surface tension than the low concentration of citrate (θ= 52.6∘ and γ= 70.8 mN m−1). Wetting front instability and fingering flow phenomena were reported in all infiltration experiments. The results showed that the plant exudates and soil components influenced the soil infiltration as differences in finger geometries, velocities, and water saturation profiles were detected when compared to the control. Among the tested solutions and concentrations of soil components, the largest finger width (10.19 cm) was generated by the lowest tannic acid solution concentration (0.1 mg L−1), and the lowest finger width (6.00 cm) was induced by the highest SRNOM concentration (10 mg L−1). Similarly, for the plant exudate solutions, the largest finger width (8.36 cm) was generated by the lowest oxalate solution concentration (0.1 mg L−1), and the lowest finger width (6.63 cm) was induced by the lowest citrate concentration (0.1 mg L−1). The control solution produced fingers with average width of 8.30 cm. Additionally, the wettability of the medium for the citrate, oxalate, and SRNOM solutions increased with an increase in concentration. Our research demonstrates that the plant exudates and soil components which are biochemical compounds produced and released in soil are capable of influencing the process of infiltration in soils. The results of this research also indicate that soil wettability, expressed as (cos θ)1∕2, should be included in the scaling of the finger dimension, i.e., finger width, when using the Miller and Miller (1956) scaling theory for the scaling of flow in porous media.

Mechanical and optical properties of silk fabric/glass fiber mat composites: an artistic application of composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 932-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqiu Yang ◽  
Defang Zhao ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Yuying Dong ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Silk Fabric ◽  
Glass Composites ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
The Impact

Currently, hybrid glass fiber-reinforced plastics (GFRPs) have attracted increasing attention as gradually common used materials. Glass/silk fiber hybrid reinforced plastic (GSFRP), a new kind of material, is designed aiming to create a kind of opaque effect of specific use. Three types of silk/glass composites with five layers of glass mats and a single layer of woven silk fabric lamina with small, medium and large crepe are fabricated by using the hand lay-up method to compare with pure GFRP. Optical properties, including the light transmission property and luminance distribution, were examined with regard to the specimens of GSFRP. Results indicate that light was diffused more efficiently by GSFRP than pure GFRP laminates. Moreover, the greater the crepe degree of silk fabric is, the more efficiently light is diffused and the rise of luminance suppressed. Furthermore, mechanical properties, including the flexural as well as the impact property, were examined through three-point bending and Izod tests, respectively. There is little negative influence on the flexural strength of GSFRP when silk inserted in layer 3 and, as the crepe degree of silk fabric increases, a slightly inferior effect on the impact test presented. From the scanning electron microscopy observation, it is found that the existence of silk fabric inserted in layer 3 could prevent further propagation of the crack and alleviate the delamination of the specimens during the bending process, improving resistance to delamination and bending.

Monitoring of blood sedimentation by a multiplexed light transmission method

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 044301
Author(s):  
Cesar Cab-Cauich ◽  
Juan J. Alvarado-Gil ◽  
Olga L. Leaños-Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Blood Sedimentation
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