Musical Creativity and Suicide

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Preti ◽  
Francesca De Biasi ◽  
Paola Miotto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Visual Artists ◽  
Health Selection ◽  
Artistic Creativity ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Musical Creativity

The different abilities involved in artistic creativity may be mirrored by differences among mental disorders prevalent in each artistic profession, taking poets, painters, and composers as examples. Using suicide rates as a proxy for the prevalence of mental disorders in groups of artists, we investigated the percentage of deaths by suicide in a sample of 4,564 eminent artists who died in the 19th and 20th centuries. Of the sample, 2,259 were primarily involved in activities of a linguistic nature, e.g., poets and writers; 834 were primarily visual artists, such as painters and sculptors; and 1,471 were musicians (composers and instrumentalists). There were 63 suicides in the sample (1.3% of total deaths). Musicians as a group had lower suicide rates than literary and visual artists. Beyond socioeconomic reasons, which might favour interpretations based on effects of health selection, the lower rate of suicides among musicians may reflect some protective effect arising from music.

scholarly journals The Impact of Debt Burden on the Number of Suicides in the Russian Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-117
Author(s):  
Svetlana Doroshenko ◽  
◽  
Olga Sanaeva ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

Population size is one of the most important parameters of national social and economic systems. This parameter is controlled by a variety of factors (components) that form ambiguous and complex feedback circuits. The most important issue is the study of the behavioral reactions of the population, which form certain parameters of the dynamics of the population. The authors consider only one behavioral reaction that seems to them to be important – the propensity for suicide, which ultimately leads to the formation of the suicide dynamics and which entails serious socio-economic and demographic losses. We put an emphasis on assessing the impact of financial parameters, namely households’ debt burden, on the suicide rates in the Russian regions. An econometric assessment of the influence of individual debt on the number of suicides among other socio-economic factors (unemployment rate, logarithm of GRP per capita, divorce rate, number of patients with mental disorders, average actual working week, number of alcoholics) was carried out for the regions among rural, urban populations and total. We use panel data for 80 Russian regions covering the period from 2005 to 2018. We apply the generalized method of moments (GMM) using Stata 14 statistical package. The empirical analysis demonstrates negative impact of the amount of individual debt on the number of suicides in the regions of Russia, which contradicts the results of similar studies conducted for developed economies. At the same time, some results obtained earlier in domestic and foreign studies have been confirmed, including an existence of a parabolic (U-shaped) dependence between the length of working hours and the suicide rates in the regions of the Russian Federation. In addition, there is a direct connection between an increase in the committed suicides and an increase in divorce rates and the number of patients with mental disorders. Moreover, we find out that the rise in unemployment rate and alcohol consumption leads to an increase in the number of committed suicides. This effect is especially perceptible among the people living in rural areas

Leung Ping-kwan

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rey Chow
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Cultural Criticism ◽  
Visual Artists ◽  
Artistic Creativity ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Recurrent Theme

In a writing career that spanned nearly half a century, Leung Ping-kwan produced tens of volumes of poems, essays, short stories, novels, and newspaper columns, as well as literary, film, and cultural criticism. His versatility was evident in the experiments he undertook in different genres and in the moves he made between artistic creativity and scholarly study. Leung also collaborated with photographers, visual artists, musicians, choreographers, translators, and academics in various multimedia projects, proving with his own work the rich possibilities of partnership that lie between academic pursuits and society at large. A recurrent theme of Leung’s writings is the literary and artistic mode he refers to asshuqing, a term usually (but less than ideally) translated as “lyrical” or “lyricism.” This chapter offers observations about the connotations and implications of this, Leung’s beloved, mode, especially as it is imbricated with his approaches to space.

Aspetti psicosociali delle condotte suicidarie in Italia. Un'analisi trasversale e multivariata su dati aggregati

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Paolo Crepet ◽  
Rocco Micciolo
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The People

SummaryObjective - To analyse suicide trends in Italy and to correlate suicide rates with psychosocial indicators. Design - Cross-sectional analysis of aggregate data at national level (1960-1990). Setting - Italy. Main outcome measures - Mortality rates (deaths for suicide, mental disorders and homicide), hospital admission rates (for schizophrenia, neurosis and affective psychosis), unemployment rates, alcohol consumption. Principal components of the correlation matrix calculated on the psychosocial indicators. Results - The study indicates that a slight increate in suicide rates has been recorded among males (+10,7%) but not among females. The regions with the highest suicide rate are the Northern ones (up to twice the national average). The age groups with the highest suicide risk are those over 70 years. In females and males over 65 between 1974 and 1989 the suicide rate rose by 70% and 77% respectively. Between 1978 and 1989, the suicide rate among the people in search of a first job rose by 25%, among the employed it rose by 35%, while among the people in search of a new job it rose by 594%. Correlation between admission and suicide rates shows negative figure both for affective psychosis and neurosis, wherelse the correlation with schizophrenia is positive. The correlation with death both by mental disorders and homicide is positive. The correlation with death both by mental disorders and homicide is positive. The correlation between suicide and alcohol consumption is negative, while that with unemployment is positive. Principal components analysis showed a first component, wich explained more then 60% of the general variation, highly correlated with suicide rates.

scholarly journals Issues of prevention of suicidal behavior in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
V K Shamrey ◽  
K V Dnov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Russian Federation

The issues of prevention of suicidal incidents in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are considered. The analysis of suicide prevalence among military personnel of various categories and their prevailing causes for the period from 2013 to 2017 is indicated. Indicates a change in the percentage ratio of various categories of military personnel who committed suicide, with a steady increase in the proportion of privates and sergeants serving in military service under the contract (from 24,6% in 2011 to 57,4% in 2017). It was established that among the servicemen under the contract family and everyday reasons for suicide prevailed, while conscripts were military professional. A comparison was also made of the long-term (2007-2017) dynamics of suicide rates and the incidence of mental disorders among military personnel, and certain patterns were identified. Thus, in the group of officers and ensigns, a significant correlation was noted between the long-term dynamics of suicide rates with neurotic (r=0,74) and addictive disorders (r=0,86), as well as general mental morbidity (r=0,83), and for conscripts, with personality disorders (r=0,79) and organic mental disorders (r=0,71). A comparison of the long-term dynamics of the overall incidence of mental disorders and the suicide rate among conscripts also showed a positive correlation (r=0,69). Analyzed the system of prevention of suicidal incidents in military personnel, which currently exists and proposed measures for its improvement, including the areas of activity of officials for the prevention of suicidal incidents in the military. It also indicates the need to shift the focus from specific prevention (direct detection and prevention of suicidal actions in military personnel with mental disorders) to non-specific (prevention of general mental distress and suicidal tendencies in mentally healthy people).

scholarly journals Youth Suicide

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Beautrais
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Developed World

Youth suicide rates have increased markedly in New Zealand during the last three decades and are now among the highest in the developed world. Major risk factors for suicidal behaviour include: psychiatric illness (notably, depressive disorders, substance abuse disorders and antisocial behaviours) previous suicide attempts and comorbid diagnoses of more than one mental disorder; exposure to adverse childhood and family experiences; social disadvantage; borderline and antisocial personality disorders; genetic and biologic factors. The best hope for substantial reduction in youth suicide rates may lie in reducing the number of young people with mental disorders. There is substantial scope for schools to participate in inter-sectoral efforts to promote and improve youth mental health in order to reduce vulnerability to mental disorders associated with suicidal behaviour.

Jumping the Gun: Firearms and the Mental Health of Australians

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dudley ◽  
Chris Cantor ◽  
Greg de Moore
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
Gun Ownership ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Firearm Suicide ◽  
Method Substitution

Objectives: The aims of this study were to (i) survey mental health-related correlates of firearms ownership and availability in Australia, and (ii) assess possible causal relationships between civilian gun deaths, gun availability and mental disorders. Method: Available data regarding firearms ownership, injuries and deaths were reviewed as well as studies of (i) gun ownership, suicide and homicide, and (ii) gun control laws and suicide. Results: Findings indicated that 85% of firearm deaths are triggered by distress, as opposed to crime. Most firearm homicides are intrafamilial or involve familiar persons. Firearm suicide rates, athough tapering off in recent years, continue to rise among certain groups. It was also found that: (1) Beyond reasonable doubt, a causal relationship exists between gun ownership and firearm suicides and homicides. The role of method substitution is controversial, but is probably less important among the young. (2) Outside the United States, legislation may be useful in reducing firearm and possibly overall suicide rates. (3) If firearm owners are representative of the community, then 15–20% suffer from a psychiatric disorder at any time. While a modest increase in risk of firearms misuse exists for this group, especially those with a history of substance abuse or violence, concern also arises regarding those with mental disorders who access firearms because owners have not secured them. No uniform definition or way of verifying self-reports exists for gun licence applicants regarding these issues. Conclusions: Further regulation of firearm safety and availability is warranted. Public health measures include improved surveillance regarding firearm events, advocacy for appropriate firearm legislation, and better education and communication about firearms.

scholarly journals A perspective in epidemiology of suicide in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiko Yamamura ◽  
Hiroshi Kinoshita ◽  
Minori Nishiguchi ◽  
Shigeru Hishida
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Economic Trends

Background/Aim. According to the information about deaths from any causes, provided by the vital statistics based on the WHO Member Countries mortality and morbidity, suicide rate in Japan has been ranking high among the causes of death. The number of suicides goes on increasing every year in Japan. In fact, suicide rates per 100 000 population have already reached the sixth place among the leading causes of death. The aim of this study was to perform epidemiological surveys of suicide rates, obtained from the official vital statistics provided by the WHO on mortality and morbidity during several past decades in Japan. Methods. Completed suicide data were collected via the vital statistics by the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry (MHLW), Japan and the attempted suicide data were extracted from the Annual Report of the Ambulance and Rescue Activities by the Fire Prevention and Control Office (FPCO) in Kobe City. The data were examined on the basis of social factors including economic trends, gender differences, modus operandi of suicide, age group, and physical and mental disorders in suicidal behavior and compared to international data. Results. Male suicide rates have gradually increased with the four temporal steep risings during the 20th century, while those of females have generally reached the stabilization with no fluctuations. Suicides are not always under the influence of economic trends in Japan. Suicide rate was the highest in the Akita and Iwate prefectures, known for the low population density. Suicide rate increases with aging, reaching a peak in the age of 80 and over. The trends of completed suicide rates are elevating by males about twice the suicide rate of females which keeps on stable. On the other hand, female attempted suicide rates greatly increase from two to five times more than those in males which are generally close to the constant. The majority of suicides are caused by their physical and/or mental disorders including typical depressive states. Suffocations/hangings are the most common methods used to commit suicide by both sexes. Utilities and interactions among these several components were considered, as well as a perspective of suicidal behavior. Conclusion. In order to prevent suicide and avoid the worst tragedy for a family, it is an essential requirement to collect and analyze any information concerning suicide victims.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

Protective effect of chitooligosaccharides on hydrogen peroxide-induced PC-12 cells death by inhibition of oxidative damage

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S27-S27
Author(s):  
Xueling Dai ◽  
Ping Chang ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Changjun Lin ◽  
Hanchang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Pc 12 Cells ◽  
Cells Death
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