Should Hispanic Persons from Different Countries of Origin be Combined into One Sample for Analysis?

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles N. Weaver ◽  
Zaida L. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Work Attitudes ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
Subgroup Differences ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Do So

Hispanic respondents to 21 nationwide surveys were grouped on the basis of country of origin into Mexican Americans ( n = 402), Puerto Ricans ( n = 119), and Other Latin Americans ( n = 105). Analysis showed no significant over-all differences among subgroups. No significant subgroup differences in work attitudes were found for women and only one for men. Analysis of subgroup attitudes across age, education, occupation, family income, and personal income also gave no significant differences. These results provide tentative evidence that Hispanic respondents from different countries of origin may be aggregated into a single sample for analysis. There may be no more reason to analyze their responses separately by country of origin than there is to do so for persons of European or African origin.

Under pressure: when refugees feel pressured to leave their host countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Braithwaite ◽  
Faten Ghosn ◽  
Tuqa Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Refugee Population ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Do So

Abstract A significant portion of the global population of 270 million migrants are refugees who were forcibly displaced from and are unable to return to their country of origin for reasons ranging from personal safety to economic instability. Almost 30 million refugees are protected by an international refugee regime, which obliges host states to provide safehaven and protections against forced expulsion. Nonetheless, refugee experiences in host countries are highly varied, including with respect to how welcome they feel in their host states. This matters because refugees that feel pressured to leave may be more likely to look to move on to a third country or return home involuntarily and before conditions are safe to do so. We argue that whether or not refugees feel pressured to leave host countries is affected by the varied nature of their quotidian interactions with authorities and regular citizens. To test the validity of this argument we draw upon approximately 1,700 responses to a survey administered among the Syrian refugee population throughout Lebanon in June and July 2018. Our statistical analyses demonstrate that individuals who are registered with the UN and the Lebanese government both feel more pressure to leave the country, as do individuals who are subject to ill treatment at the hands of Lebanese residents or authorities. We also find some tentative evidence that individuals who are not well socially connected within Lebanese society—those that live in predominantly Syrian neighbourhoods in Lebanon—also feel more pressure to leave the country.

Latino Gay Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
The Other ◽  
Written Expression ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Gay Literature

Who are we when we read queer Latinx literature? It may be helpful in approaching this topic to think about what we mean by America along with what we mean by Latinx, or Latina/o, and Latin American. Some Latin Americans, for example, become irritated by US citizens referring to their own country as America when in fact that term refers to two enormous continents. Another issue to consider is what dynamic exists between Latino/a and Latin American as terms identifying groups of people. We should add Caribbean to this discussion, which also complicates matters since Puerto Ricans are US citizens with histories tied to the Caribbean. Mexican Americans (or Chican/aos) live in a country that borders the other “half” of their designation. Both these cases introduce vexed questions about immigration and belonging. Queer itself is not a word that escapes controversy. It can be used as a provocation, to challenge hate language by neutralizing it. But does that work? How do we know when it does? And when do we know when we have succeeded and can drop its usage entirely? And does queer automatically mean gay? In its usage as an umbrella terms what happens to the specificity of same-sex desire? And finally, literature is itself a contested term as there is no critical consensus on what exactly designates written expression as literature as opposed to simply writing. Therefore I would argue that any attempt to be comprehensive about Queer Latinx literature can only be provisional. But any such attempt that is based on critical rigor and empathy should be welcomed.

scholarly journals Unequal chances: ex ante fairness and individual control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Micheli ◽  
Nickolas Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Financial Outcomes ◽  
Individual Control ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Do So

AbstractUnequal financial outcomes often originate from unequal chances. Yet, compared to outcomes, little is known about how individuals perceive unequal distributions of chances. We investigate empirically the role of different sources of unequal chances in shaping inequality perceptions. Importantly, we do so from an ex ante perspective—i.e., before the chances are realized—which has rarely been explored. In an online survey, we asked uninvolved respondents to evaluate ex ante the fairness of unequal allocations of chances. We varied the source of inequality of chances, using a comprehensive range of factors which resemble several real world situations. Respondents also evaluated how much control individuals hold over the distribution of chances. Results show that different sources generate different ex ante perception of fairness. That is, unequal chances based on socioeconomic and biological factors, such as gender, family income and ethnicity, are evaluated to be unfair relative to the same chances based on effort, knowledge, and benevolence. Results also show that, for most individuals, there is a positive correlation between perceived control of a factor and fairness of unequal chances based on that factor. Luck appears to be an exception to this correlation, ranking as high in fairness as effort, knowledge, and benevolence, but similarly low in individual control as ethnicity, family income, and gender.

scholarly journals Toward ‘Cultures of Engagement’? An exploratory comparison of engagement patterns on Facebook news posts

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110092
Author(s):  
Raul Ferrer-Conill ◽  
Michael Karlsson ◽  
Mario Haim ◽  
Aske Kammer ◽  
Dag Elgesem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Information Production ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Do So

Information production, dissemination, and consumption are contingent upon cultural and financial dimensions. This study attempts to find cultures of engagement that reflect how audiences engage with news posts made by either commercial or state-owned news outlets on Facebook. To do so, we collected over a million news posts ( n = 1,173,159) produced by 482 news outlets in three Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) and analyzed over 69 million interactions across three metrics of engagement (i.e. comments, likes, and shares). More concretely, we investigate whether the patterns of engagement follow distinct patterns across national boundaries and type of outlet ownership. While we are skeptical of metrics of engagement as markers of specific cultures of engagement, our results show that there are clear differences in how readers engage with news posts depending on the country of origin and whether they are fully state-owned or private-owned outlets.

Overeducation and the Earnings of Black, Hispanic, and White Male Workers

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Verdugo ◽  
Naomi Turner Verdugo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
White Male ◽  
The United States ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Male Workers ◽  
White Minority

This study addresses two issues: (1) the impact of overeducation on the earnings of male workers in the United States, and (2) white-minority earnings differences among males. Given that educational attainment levels are increasing among workers, there is some suspicion that earnings returns to education are not as great as might be expected. This topic is examined by including an overeducation variable in an earnings function. Regarding the second issue addressed in this article, little is actually known about white-minority differences because the bulk of such research compares whites and blacks. By including selected Hispanic groups in this analysis (Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Other Hispanics) we are able to assess white-minority earnings differences to a greater degree. Using data from a 5% sample of the 1980 census to estimate an earnings function, we find that overeducated workers earn less than either undereducated or adequately educated workers. Second, we find that there are substantial earnings differences between whites and minorities, and, also, between the five minority groups examined.

Latina/o Immigration before 1965

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The City ◽  
The U.S

This essay examines the migration of Mexican immigrants, Mexican Americans, and Puerto Ricans to Chicago in the 1940s and 1950s, long before the more widely recognized post-1965 immigration to the U.S. from Latin America. It argues that this pre-1965 migration to the Midwest was significant and played a critical role in establishing communities that would receive later migrants. In fact, by 1970, the city of Chicago officially counted nearly a quarter of a million Hispanics or Latinos in that year’s census. The essay examines how these populations became racialized as “non-white” in employment, housing, and the local enforcement and perceptions surrounding immigration policy.

Remittance Behavior among Salvadoran and Filipino Immigrants in Los Angeles

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Menjívar ◽  
Julie DaVanzo ◽  
Lisa Greenwell ◽  
R. Burciaga Valdez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
English Classes ◽  
Remittance Behavior

This article analyzes the factors that influence remittance behavior (the decision to remit and the amount sent) in the host country of Filipino and Salvadoran immigrants, two groups with high rates of U.S.-bound migration and of remittances. Data for this study come from a multipurpose survey fielded in Los Angeles in 1991 and are analyzed using logistic regressions and OLS. Individual characteristics and financial ability to remit, motivation to migrate, personal investments in the United States, and family obligations in the home and in the host countries are hypothesized to affect remittance behavior. No differences by country of origin in the proportion who send remittances were found, but there were significant differences in the amount remitted. Some variables affect the two country-of-origin groups differently. The size of remittances sent by Salvadorans tends to be relatively insensitive to their characteristics compared with Filipinos. Filipinos’ remittances are more affected by age, family income, having taken English classes in the United States, and living alone than are the remittances of Salvadorans. For both groups, the most consistent factors affecting remittances are family income and the place of residence of close family members.

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