Influence of Structured Group Experience on Moral Judgments of Preschoolers

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Moran ◽  
Gayle O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Formal Program ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Experience ◽  
At Home

Moral judgment stories were read to preschoolers who were either in day care or nursery school ( n = 20) or at home, not attending any formal program ( n = 15). The group-care children focused more on intention in contexts involving injury to another person but tended to be more consequence-based in contexts involving personal property damage than the group at home. These data suggest the influence of the social environment on moral judgments.

Moral Judgments and History Teaching

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedda Black
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
History Teacher

Affective objectives, stressing the humanity aspect of history, are often written into history syllabuses. Yet these objectives are very soon eroded because of the relative lack of knowledge of the psychological equivalent of affective objectives. It is suggested in this paper that Piaget's theory of the development of moral judgment from a stage of heteronomy or morality of obedience to one of autonomy, of reciprocity towards other humans who are now viewed as selves equal to oneself, may provide the much needed psychological basis. By providing adolescents with the opportunity to interact with a much extended social environment of humans past and distant, the history teacher is able to promote maturity of moral judgment as an important aspect of social development. Some normative data relating to this transition in adolescents are briefly presented and some of the conditions that stimulate the shift towards a more advanced stage of development are discussed, with particular reference to Turiel's research.

Diskursus Pendidikan Karakter di Perguruan Tinggi dalam Pandemi Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fatimah Zuhra ◽  
Usfur Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
At Home

This study examines the importance of character education in students of Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially those who are currently undergoing the online learning process. The character of education is really needed not only in school or college but also at home and in the social environment itself. Furthermore, students in colleges are no longer monitored by their parents during the learning process so that character or manners while studying are no longer something that must be observed and considered important in distance learning. This study is a literature study sourced from library materials using a qualitative approach. Thus, the research activity is the exploration of a number of data both primary and secondary with some concrete steps such as reading and studying primary data in the form of research books, theses or dissertations related to character education and its relationship with Pandemic Covid-19. Character education for students is needed because so far students are only preoccupied with lecture materials in the classroom, but pay less attention to the meaning and value behind the process itself. The situation becomes more difficult when classroom learning turns into distance learning and students cannot be fully monitored by lecturers and less participation from parents who pay less attention to character education at home.

scholarly journals People Systematically Update Moral Judgments of Blame

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Elliott Monroe ◽  
Bertram F. Malle
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Normal Process ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Human History ◽  
Systematic Processing ◽  
The Social

Six experiments examine people's updating of blame judgments and test predictions developed from a socially-regulated blame perspective. According to this perspective, blame emerged in human history as a socially costly tool for regulating other’s behavior. Because it is costly for both blamers and violators, blame is typically constrained by requirements for “warrant”— evidence that one’s moral judgment is justified. This requirement motivates people to systematically process available causal and mental information surrounding a violation. That is, people are relatively calibrated and even-handed in utilizing evidence that either amplifies or mitigates blame. Such systematic processing should be particularly visible when people update their moral judgments. Using a novel experimental paradigm, we test two sets of predictions derived from the socially-regulated blame perspective and compare them with predictions from a motivated-blame perspective. Studies 1-4 demonstrate (across student, internet, and community samples) that moral perceivers systematically grade updated blame judgments in response to the strength of new causal and mental information, without anchoring on initial evaluations. Further, these studies reveal that perceivers update blame judgments symmetrically in response to exacerbating and mitigating information, inconsistent with motivated-blame predictions. Study 5 shows that graded and symmetric blame updating is robust under cognitive load. Lastly, Study 6 demonstrates that biases can emerge once the social requirement for warrant is relaxed—as in the case of judging outgroup members. We conclude that social constraints on blame judgments render the normal process of blame well calibrated to causal and mental information, and biases may appear when such constraints are absent.

Moral Judgments in Parochial and Public School Second-Graders

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Moran ◽  
Marge S. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Parochial School ◽  
Group Cohesiveness ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Story Content

This study compared the moral judgments of 22 parochial school second-graders and 20 public school children of similar age and intelligence. The children were read 12 moral judgment stories of either positive consequence and negative intention or negative intention and positive consequence. Story content included either damage to personal property, damage to the property of others, or damage to persons. Analysis of variance conducted on ratings of story characters showed that public and parochial school children differed in their judgments as a function of story content. In general, parochial students made more intention-based judgments than did public school children. This tendency was especially evident in stories involving damage to persons with negative outcomes and with negative intent and positive consequence stories involving personal property damage and damage to the property of others. The data indicate that both environmental influences and the situational story context influence moral judgments. It is suggested that the group cohesiveness of the parochial school may account for the greater use of intention by these children.

scholarly journals Moral metaphorical effect of cleanliness on immoral workplace behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110342
Author(s):  
Gang Huangfu ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Cheng Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Workplace Behaviors

Cleanliness connotes cleanness, hygiene, and beauty. Physical cleanliness is also a metaphor for moral purity, as proposed in recent literature. However, cleanliness means not only physical cleanliness but also environmental cleanliness. The article proposes that environmental cleanliness and physical self-cleanliness may metaphorically influence immoral behaviors in the workplace, and their effects may be different. The current study conducted a 2 (environmental cleanliness: clean vs. dirty) × 3 (self-cleanliness: hands-cleansing vs. face-cleansing vs. non-cleansing) between-subjects field experiment with employees as participants in a Chinese enterprise. One-hundred-seventy-seven employees volunteered to participate in the experiment. It was found that a clean workplace, rather than physical self-cleansing, renders harsh moral judgment regarding immoral workplace behaviors. The participants were less willing to accept immoral workplace behaviors in a clean environment than in a dirty environment, while self-cleanliness (hands-cleansing or face-cleansing vs. non-cleansing) had no significant influence on employees’ moral judgments of immoral workplace behaviors. In addition, the significant effects of environmental cleanliness were found in all the ten dimensions of immoral workplace behaviors. The findings reveal the metaphorical association between environmental cleanliness and the concept of higher social moral norms, and confirm that environmental cleanliness is a key factor leading to moral metaphorical effects. This result provides unique insight to the social significance of environmental cleanliness, and has important implications to prevent immoral workplace behaviors. A theoretical framework is proposed to explain why environmental cleanliness is more likely to affect moral judgment involving organizational interests than self-cleanliness. Considering most previous research has been done with samples of college students, this study is especially valuable through a field experiment on actual employees.

Individual Journalistic Bias Leads to Public Propaganda

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-154
Author(s):  
Young Joon Lim ◽  
Jennifer Lemanski
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Media Content ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Intuitionist Model

The social intuitionist model (SIM) highlights the superiority of intuitive emotions over reasoning process in the link of moral judgment and reasoning, addressing the issues of private or individual intuitions of moral judgments on an interpersonal communication level. While the SIM can be applied to explain why journalists are biased and prone to producing intuitive news stories, the hierarchy of influences model (HIM) offers a theoretical framework that affects media content, which journalists and media organizations create in a social and cultural approach to propaganda. This chapter explores how the integration of SIM and HIM demonstrates the path to propagandistic news stories manufactured by intuitive journalists and their biased news outlets on the macro social structure level.

Do People Believe That They Are More Deontological Than Others?

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1308-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Hui Li ◽  
Li-Lin Rao
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Construal Level Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Protected Values

The question of how we decide that someone else has done something wrong is at the heart of moral psychology. Little work has been done to investigate whether people believe that others’ moral judgment differs from their own in moral dilemmas. We conducted four experiments using various measures and diverse samples to demonstrate the self–other discrepancy in moral judgment. We found that (a) people were more deontological when they made moral judgments themselves than when they judged a stranger (Studies 1-4) and (b) a protected values (PVs) account outperformed an emotion account and a construal-level theory account in explaining this self–other discrepancy (Studies 3 and 4). We argued that the self–other discrepancy in moral judgment may serve as a protective mechanism co-evolving alongside the social exchange mechanism and may contribute to better understanding the obstacles preventing people from cooperation.

scholarly journals The moral judgment of unconditional honesty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Levine ◽  
Sarah Jensen ◽  
Michael White
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Total N ◽  
Moral Goodness ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Error

Four main experiments (and six supplementary experiments, total N = 6970) document a preference for unconditional honesty: people believe it is more ethical for communicators to tell the truth without finding out the social consequences of doing so than to find out how their honesty affects others before communicating. However, people also believe that communicators should condition their decisions on the social consequences of truth-telling (and lie when truth-telling causes harm) when the consequences of truth-telling are known. We suggest that these seemingly inconsistent preferences are driven by the belief that moral actors should strive to avoid moral error more than they should strive to optimize moral goodness. This research deepens our understanding of people’s preferences for moral principles, sheds light on how information acquisition influences moral judgments, and explains how people can genuinely believe that honesty is the best policy, while also recognizing that lying is often ethical.

scholarly journals GENDER VIOLENCE AS A POSSIBLE OBJECT OF SOCIALIZATION FOR BOTH SEXES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Hermína Mareková
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Adult World ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
At Home

There are countless theories and models of socialization. All of these theories agree on one thing: it is a process, during which people pass on and absorb social values and norms, including the norms that apply to gender. Socialization is not a one-way process, in which our children acquire information from our “adult” world. It is rather a two-way process. Children socialize with each other in everyday interactions – both at home and away from home. In the theories of socialization at school, from the point of view of interaction, the focus is on the microsocial area, i.e the interaction between subjects. The basic concept of all interactions is therefore communication between the subjects. The individuals have a common set of symbols – speech – at their disposal and are confronted with the expectation of a stabilized behavior. The occurrence of violence in the child's family and in the social environment has significant socializing and educational effects, in a negative sense.

Reading and the Social Environment

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Louise Cherry Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
The Social
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