scholarly journals Allelopathic properties of selected lawn cultivars of Poa pratensis and their utilization in garden compositions

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
HALINA LIPIŃSKA ◽  
TERESA WYŁUPEK ◽  
MAŁGORZATA SOSNOWSKA ◽  
AGNIESZKA KĘPKOWICZ ◽  
WOJCIECH LIPIŃSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Overwinter Survival ◽  
The Impact

The study objective was to assess the impact of the vegetative shoots of the lawn cultivars of Poa pratensis (one of the most valuable lawn grasses), cut and left on the lawn surface, on the species composition and overwinter survival of a lawn. The investigation was conducted in a field experiment. Each cultivar was sown in monoculture, on microplots covering 1 m2 each. In the control objects, the cut biomass was removed immediately after the cutting. The investigation showed that ‘Bila’ had the strongest negative impact on the share of sown lawn grass cultivars (sensitivity to the biomass of the same cultivar remaining after cutting). The smallest share of other, unsown grass species in objects where the cut biomass remained was observed in lawns with ‘Nandu’ and, in the case of dicotyledons – with ‘Bila’. The biomass left on the lawn surface after cutting did not have a significant influence on the overwinter survival of the plants. The negative impact of P. pratensis biomass, both on the sown cultivars and other groups of plants, can indicate its allelopathic properties. Therefore, the grass of this species should not be left on the lawn after cutting. The aboveground biomass cut and left on the lawn surface was shown to have a clearly varied influence on the soil pH: in the case of the ‘Ani’ and ‘Bila’ cultivars, the influence was unequivocally negative. In addition, the biomass of these cultivars did not result in significantly increased levels of assimilable forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the soil.

scholarly journals The influence of invasive Fallopia taxa on resident plant species in two river valleys (southern Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Chmura ◽  
Barbara Tokarska-Guzik ◽  
Teresa Nowak ◽  
Gabriela Woźniak ◽  
Katarzyna Bzdęga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
Fallopia Japonica ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
The Impact

Riparian zones in two rivers in southern Poland were studied in terms of species composition and soil parameters in patches dominated by three knotweed taxa (<em>Fallopia japonica</em>, <em>F. sachalinensis</em> and the hybrid <em>F.</em> ×<em>bohemica</em>). The main purpose was to detect any differences in species diversity, environmental conditions and in the impact of the three <em>Fallopia</em> spp. on resident species. Fieldwork was conducted in spring and summer in 30 invaded plots (in total 90 subplots). It was demonstrated that vegetation dominated by particular knotweed taxa differed in response to soil pH and ammonium, nitrate, and magnesium content. <em>Fallopia</em> spp. (living plants and necromass) had a stronger negative impact on the cover and species diversity of the resident species in summer in comparison with spring. Vegetation patches differed significantly in species composition in relation to the knotweed taxa present. These differences may be the consequence of the differentiated biotopic requirements of <em>Fallopia</em> taxa and the coexisting plants, or to the different impact of the knotweed taxa on the resident species.

scholarly journals The effect of decomposing biomass of the grasses Festuca arundinacea, F. ovina, and F. rubra on the species composition and quality of lawns

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Lipińska ◽  
Wanda Harkot ◽  
Zbigniew Czarnecki ◽  
Rafał Kornas ◽  
Ewa Stamirowska-Krzaczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Impact

<p>The aim of the study was to assess the impact of cut vegetative shoots of chosen lawn grass cultivars of <em>Festuca</em> being left on the lawn sward surface on the species composition, sodding and appearance, and over-wintering of the lawn. The influence of decomposing biomass was studied in a field experiment between 2008 and 2014. Each cultivar was sown as a monoculture on microplots with an area of 1 m<sup>2</sup>. The control consisted of sites from which the cut sward had been removed immediately after cutting.</p><p>The results obtained may indicate an allelopathic effect of the cut sward of the cultivars left on the lawn surfaces. The following had the most negative effects on the species composition of the lawn sward (from greater to lesser negative impact): <em>F. ovina</em> ‘Espro’, <em>F. rubra</em> ‘Areta’, <em>F. arundinacea</em> ‘Asterix’, and <em>F. ovina</em> ‘Pintor’. With the exception of ‘Espro’, these cultivars also limited the presence of dicotyledonous plants in the lawn sward. The cover of dicotyledonous plants and other unsown grasses was also recorded on the sites with <em>F. rubra</em> ‘Olivia’ and ‘Nimba’. The greatest negative influence on the sodding of the lawn swards was demonstrated by the latter <em>F. rubra</em> cultivar, whereas <em>F. ovina</em> ‘Espro’ had the greatest negative influence on the appearance. However, no differences were found in assessments of over-wintering of the cultivars at the study sites. However, taking into account the scale of these impacts on the characteristics evaluated, the cultivars of <em>Festuca</em> species tested can be recommended for extensive use, where a cut sward can be left on the surface of the lawn. Some caution in this respect is recommended when it comes to <em>F. ovina</em> ‘Espro’ and <em>F. rubra</em> ‘Areta’ and ‘Nimba’.</p>

scholarly journals An influence of abiotic factors on the germinability of Agrostis species and Poa species

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Knot
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Agrostis Capillaris ◽  
Poa Supina ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this contribution is to interpret the impact of some abiotic factors on the germinability. Primarily was observed the stress that they cause on germinability and also on the energy of other perennial grass caryopsis' germinability. Withal there were considered differences in germinability of some perennial grass species, variances of strains and the influence of today`s seeds dressing technologies, which are used to improve the germination. The light factor has the biggest influence of all factors on germination of Agrostis stolonifera (Penn G-2, Providence), Poa supina (Supranova) and Poa pratensis (Julius, Julius PreGerm). All these species had germination evidential higher in the light, than in the dark. With species Poa pratensis (Coctail, Coctail Headstart) and Poa annua were not observed any essential variations between the dark and the light variants. Only with Poa annua there were reached noticeably lower values with variant in the light, where was used polyethyleneglycol, than in the dark. The analysis of variance demonstrated, that the biggest influence had the factor of stratification together with the light factor with Agrostis capilaris (Bardot) and Agrostis stolonifera Providence. With Poa annua there was established the biggest influence of the light factor together with the factor of the used medium. The factor of stratification noticeably affected only the germination of Agrostis capillaris Bardot. The germination of Agrostis stolonifera Providence, Poa pratensis Cocktail, Cocktail Headstart, Julius and Poa annua was not noticeably affected by stratification. The reaction on the factor of stratification was with Agrostis capillaris Bardot in the dark adverse and in the light minimal. Poa pratensis Julius PreGerm germination was negative in the dark as well as in the light. With Poa supina Supranova it was not the most important factor, but still affected the germination significiantly. The nitrogen nutrition, as the next factor, had positive affect with all variants. This could be explained with existence of the „gap detection“ mechanism. Especially variants in the dark and with used stratification had affected theirs germination positively, when combinated with H2O and potassium nitrate. The addition of potassium nitrate positively affected also the energy of germination.With the lack of water factor was affected amount of germinated caryopsis and their energy of germination. Especially with higher water tonus was energy of germination and germination itself decreased. The only exceptions were these variants in the dark with the stratification factor. With these conditions was achieved the same or even higher quality of germination of variants, where PEG was added than was achieved with H2O variants.

scholarly journals Effect of Species Composition on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Accumulation in Urban Forest Soils of Krakow

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Lasota ◽  
Stanisław Łyszczarz ◽  
Piotr Kempf ◽  
Marta Kempf ◽  
Ewa Błońska
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most hazardous organic pollutants due to their toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic properties, wide distribution, recalcitrance and stability in the environment. The study objective is to determine the impact of the species composition of tree stands on PAH accumulation in urban forest soils of Krakow. The study compared the impact of deciduous and coniferous species on similar soils on PAH biodegradation. Basic physicochemical properties, activity of enzymes involved in the nutrient cycle and PAH content were measured in soil samples. Our study shows lower accumulation of PAHs in soils with deciduous tree stands, which are characterized by higher pH and higher biochemical activity expressed by enzymatic activity. There is statistically significant difference in the enzymatic activity in the soils of deciduous tree stands, which results in differences in PAH accumulation. Among the studied deciduous species, soils with Norway maple and locust were characterized by highest enzymatic activity. At the same time, soils under these species were characterized by the lowest PAH accumulation. Among the coniferous species, highest PAH accumulation was observed under pine and spruce, where low enzymatic activity was observed at the same time.

scholarly journals Study of effectiveness of lactic acid at varroatosis in the apiaries of Tyumen Region, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
T.F. Domatskaya ◽  
A.N. Domatsky ◽  
A.N. Domatsky
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bee Colonies

The study objective is to study the effectiveness of lactic acid in varroatosis and its impact on the development of bee colonies under conditions of the South of Tyumen region. The acaricidal effectiveness of lactic acid was studied in October 2019 using one method in two experiments in 30 broodless bee colonies kept in two apiaries, where bee colonies were divided into 2 groups (experimental - 10 colonies and control groups of 5 colonies each). For treatment of bee colonies from the experimental group, frames with bees were removed from the hives in turn, which were sprayed with a 15.0% aqueous solution of lactic acid in the volume of 5 ml on each side of the honeycomb. Bee colonies were treated twice with an interval of 5 days. The bees in the control group were not treated. Dead mites were registered on a daily basis in all groups within 5 days after each treatment, for these reasons laminated cardboard sheets were placed on the bottom of the hives, which then were taken out and the number of fallen ectoparasites was recorded. Studies on the impact of lactic acid on the development of bee colonies were conducted in 20 brood bee colonies in the period from May to July 2020. It has been found that the effectiveness of treatment of experimental bee colonies with the drug was 90.0 ± 2.1% (apiary No 1) and 7.8 ± 1.9% (apiary No 2). At the same time, the maximum death of mites in colonies was observed during the first day after treatment. In the control groups, the number of mites decreased by 10.9 ± 0.8% and 11.6 ± 1.0%, respectively. It has been established that the treatment of bees with an aqueous solution of lactic acid in the above concentration, dose and multiplicity did not have a negative impact on the development of bee colonies, their strength and food supply, and no deaths of bees and queens were detected during the observation period.

Phytophagous arthropods and silvertop levels associated with post-harvest residue treatments in three turfgrass species grown for seed

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Soroka ◽  
B. D. Gossen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
The Impact

Silvertop, which is characterized by whitish, completely sterile seed heads produced on green tillers, is a common symptom in many perennial grasses. A 3-yr study of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra subsp. rubra) grown for seed production was conducted at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, to investigate the cause(s) of silvertop, the impact of residue management strategies on silvertop incidence, and the impact of silvertop on seed yield. Three residue management practices were applied in the fall of the first harvest year and again the next fall, as follows: (i) burned after harvest; (ii) clipped to 1–2 cm in height and the residue removed; or (iii) mowed to 20 cm and the residue retained. Arthropods in each plot were collected weekly from May until July by sweep sampling, counted, and identified to family level or lower, and the incidence of seed heads with and without silvertop were assessed. The majority of arthropods were thrips, leafhoppers, plant bugs, mites, or grass-dwelling flies. Grass species and residue treatment strongly affected the number of reproductive tillers and levels of silvertop. Levels of silvertop were lowest in creeping bentgrass in all 3 yr of the study, while they were similar for Kentucky bluegrass and creeping red fescue. Mown plots had fewer reproductive tillers, fewer heathy seed heads, and higher levels of silvertop than burned or clipped plots. However, arthropod species composition was generally similar across grass species and residue treatments. This indicates that a specific arthropod taxon may not be a critical factor in silvertop expression. The relationship between the number and composition of arthropods found and incidence of silvertop is discussed. Key words: Festuca rubra subsp. rubra, Poa pratensis, Agrostis palustris, seed production, arthropods, silvertop

Sward complexity and grass species composition affect the performance of grass-white clover pasture mixtures

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
M. S. McElroy ◽  
S. A. E. Fillmore ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
J. L. Duyinsveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
Clover Pasture

Papadopoulos, Y. A., McElroy, M. S., Fillmore, S. A. E., McRae, K. B., Duyinsveld, J. L. and Fredeen, A. H. 2012. Sward complexity and grass species composition affects the performance of grass-white clover pasture mixtures. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1199–1205. The productivity of managed permanent pastures is closely associated with the species composition of seeded mixtures. Ecological theory suggests that increasing plant species' diversity will result in higher productivity, resilience, and resistance to invasive species. To better understand the relationship between sward species composition and pasture productivity, mixtures of four common pasture grass species, timothy (Phleum pratense L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.), were seeded in 2004 in binary (two-grass), tertiary (three-grass), and quaternary (four-grass) combinations with white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Plots were rotationally grazed for 5 yr, with yield determined in the first post-establishment year (2005) and in 3 subsequent production years (2007, 2008, and 2009). Mean dry matter yield (DMY) increased appreciably from post-establishment (3801 kg ha−1) to the production years (6613 kg ha−1). Contrasts revealed significantly higher DMY production in quaternary mixtures versus less complex plots in production years. Repeated measure analysis found significant quadratic trends in DMY for plots containing bluegrass and timothy, showing different patterns of growth between the respective mixtures. Principal component analysis (PCA) of averaged yields over the production years revealed a strong association between seeded grass growth and DMY. This relationship between DMY and seeded grass growth was strongest in swards containing a combination of timothy and bluegrass. In general, the growth of unseeded grasses and forbs increased in mixtures with large proportions of timothy and reed canarygrass. In spite of the fact that mixtures containing timothy and bluegrass were shown to produce high DMY, it appears the aggressiveness of bluegrass suppressed the yield potential of timothy. White clover yields and unseeded grasses/forbs were both significantly lower in mixtures containing bluegrass. Also, the PCA revealed a favourable compatibility between meadow fescue and white clover growth, while bluegrass appears to suppress meadow fescue growth. Results show that species complexity increases sward productivity over the long term, and that the presence of two grass species, in particular (timothy and bluegrass), has considerable influence on DMY.

scholarly journals The decomposition of economic outcomes as a result of changes in Brazil’s male age-education structure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
White Population ◽  
Cohort Size ◽  
Racial Differentials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

In Brazil, the age and education compositions of the male labor force is changing with great regional variation. Based on Demographic Census microdata, results indicate that cohort size has a negative impact on earnings, but this effect is decreasing over time. In this study we consider the impact on earnings by age and education, as well as estimated income inequality reduction and racial differentials. Fertility decline and improvements regarding educational attainment had a significant influence on the decline of income inequality in the country. Moreover, the non-white population has been experiencing less success in relation to educational achievement, compared to the white population.

scholarly journals Severe vegetation degradation associated with different disturbance types in a poorly managed urban recreation destination in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagher Erfanian ◽  
Juha M. Alatalo ◽  
Hamid Ejtehadi
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Recreation

AbstractRecreational activities worldwide have major impacts on the environment. This study examined the impact of different kinds of recreational activities on plant communities in a highly visited park in Mashhad, Iran. Vegetation in the park was sampled along 41 random 10-m transects with different human disturbances (trails, dirt roads, campsites) and undisturbed communities. Life form spectrum, species composition, species and phylogenetic diversity were determined for all communities. Disturbance increased the frequency of therophytes, but decreased the frequency of chamaephytes and percentage vegetated area. Recreational-mediated disturbance had variable impact on species composition, but decreased species and phylogenetic diversity compared with undisturbed areas. Roads and campsites caused the greatest damage, while trails had the smallest negative impact on vegetation. This study showed that damage to (semi-)natural park vegetation differs with recreation activity. This finding can help prioritise management activities to minimise negative impacts of recreation activities on local vegetation. The current visitor load to the urban park studied here appears too high to be sustainable over time, so better monitoring and restrictions on visitor numbers may be needed to minimise the negative impacts on park vegetation. The camping impacts can be managed by creating clusters of designated campsites to spatially concentrate the impact area. Low-impact practices should be communicated to visitors.

scholarly journals Allelopatyczny wpływ skoszonej biomasy nadziemnej Lolium perenne na skład gatunkowy i walory estetyczne trawnika

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
HALINA LIPIŃSKA ◽  
MAGDALENA SYKUT ◽  
AGNIESZKA KĘPKOWICZ ◽  
WIESŁAW WAŃKOWICZ ◽  
ALICJA BIESKE-MATEJAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
General Aspect ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Overwinter Survival ◽  
Object A

The study objective was to assess the allelopathic impact of the cut aboveground vegetative shoots of the selected lawn cultivars of L. perenne on the decorative value and species composition of the sward, including the share of dicotyledons. The studies were conducted in field conditions. The following indicators of the allelopathic impact of L. perenne were chosen: the share of the sown cultivars and dicotyledons in the lawn sward, general aspect, sward density and overwinter survival in object A, where the cut biomass was left, and in control object B, from which the biomass was removed immediately after cutting. The biomass of ‘Nira’ and ‘Stadion’ cultivars, cut and left on the lawn surface, exhibited auto-allelopathic properties by reducing their own share in the sward. The share of dicotyledons in the sward was reduced to the largest extent in the treatment where the cut biomass of ‘Nira’ cultivar was left. Only the ‘Stadion’ cultivar had a significantly lower sward density and a poorer general aspect of the sward in objects where the cut biomass was left in comparison with the objects where the cut biomass was removed. All the cultivars under study had better overwinter survival results in the objects where the cut biomass was left on the lawn surface.

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