scholarly journals Impact of selected waste applications on soil compaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACEK JULIAN PRANAGAL ◽  
DOROTA TOMASZEWSKA-KROJAŃSKA ◽  
HALINA SMAL ◽  
SŁAWOMIR LIGĘZA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Quality Classification ◽  
Haplic Podzol ◽  
Carboniferous Rock ◽  
Mineral Waste

In the years 2014–2017, a field experiment was carried out, in which two types of waste were applied to soil. One of them was mineral waste – carboniferous rock from a hard coal mine, and the other – organic waste – post-fermentation sludge from agricultural biogas-producing plant. The experiment was an example of an action, in which soil management was associated with their drainage effects on the soil. The waste was applied to the light soil of low utility value, included in the V bonitation class (in polish soil quality classification) and the 6th complex of agricultural suitability (weak rye). According to the WRB classification, it was Haplic Podzol (PZha) developed from the post-glacial sand. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in soil compaction caused by a single introduction of waste. During the four-year study (2014–2017), the durability of these changes was also observed. It was found that the best effects of reducing the soil compaction were obtained as a result of the combined application of two wastes: carboniferous rock and post-fermentation sludge. Introduction of waste into the soil was also permanent, as differences resulting from the soil management continued in the fourth year of the experiment.

scholarly journals Topographic Position, Land Use and Soil Management Effects on Soil Organic Carbon (Vineyard Region of Niš, Serbia)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1438
Author(s):  
Snežana Jakšić ◽  
Jordana Ninkov ◽  
Stanko Milić ◽  
Jovica Vasin ◽  
Milorad Živanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Topographic Position

Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) is the result of a combination of various factors related to both the natural environment and anthropogenic activities. The aim of this study was to examine (i) the state of SOC in topsoil and subsoil of vineyards compared to the nearest forest, (ii) the influence of soil management on SOC, (iii) the variation in SOC content with topographic position, (iv) the intensity of soil erosion in order to estimate the leaching of SOC from upper to lower topographic positions, and (v) the significance of SOC for the reduction of soil’s susceptibility to compaction. The study area was the vineyard region of Niš, which represents a medium-sized vineyard region in Serbia. About 32% of the total land area is affected, to some degree, by soil erosion. However, according to the mean annual soil loss rate, the total area is classified as having tolerable erosion risk. Land use was shown to be an important factor that controls SOC content. The vineyards contained less SOC than forest land. The SOC content was affected by topographic position. The interactive effect of topographic position and land use on SOC was significant. The SOC of forest land was significantly higher at the upper position than at the middle and lower positions. Spatial distribution of organic carbon in vineyards was not influenced by altitude, but occurred as a consequence of different soil management practices. The deep tillage at 60–80 cm, along with application of organic amendments, showed the potential to preserve SOC in the subsoil and prevent carbon loss from the surface layer. Penetrometric resistance values indicated optimum soil compaction in the surface layer of the soil, while low permeability was observed in deeper layers. Increases in SOC content reduce soil compaction and thus the risk of erosion and landslides. Knowledge of soil carbon distribution as a function of topographic position, land use and soil management is important for sustainable production and climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF WOOL FIBERS IN PRAMENKA FOR THE QUALITY CLASSIFICATION OF RAW WOOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadžida MLAĆO ◽  
Amela KATICA ◽  
Velija KATICA ◽  
Almira SOFTIĆ ◽  
Vedad ŠAKIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Quality Classification ◽  
Selection Of

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, as well as in most Balkan countries, wool is a major environmental problem. After sheep shearing, farmers usually leave the wool at the shear sites, providing poorly degradable organic waste. The purchase price of such untreated wool is as low as its quality. By this research, we have tried to draw attention, from another aspect, to the quality of wool fibers of certain parts of the body, which is ultimately very important in the textile industry and in the selection of wool for further processing. The cuticle is made from cornfied cells, flakes, located on the surface of wool fibers. One of the significant roles of the cuticle is the protective. Namely, the cuticle protects the wool fibers from various external factors, whether mechanical or physic-chemical (such as ammonia evaporation in poorly maintained facilities, etc.), which can damage the fleece and thus make it less quality. We have found some differences in the flakes position and shape in the wool fibers we investigated, depending on part of the body from which they were sampled. However, by microscopic analyses of samples taken from the root of the tail, we have found that the flakes were much smaller and finer in structure than the arrangement and appearance of the cornified flakes from the rump. In this study, we have compared the appearance and arrangement of flakes of cuticle, which is very important in assessing the quality of wool and its further use as a raw material.

scholarly journals Use of digital images for evaluating soil compaction in the culture of beans

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mariano Leite ◽  
Luciano Baião Vieira ◽  
Haroldo Carlos Fernandes ◽  
José Eustáquio Souza Carneiro ◽  
Elpídio Inácio Fernandes Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Vegetation Indexes ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Spectral Responses

Bean yield in Brazil is considered low, around 820 kg ha-1, reaching values above 3000 kg ha-1, there are several environmental factors which may limit the performance of this culture, especially those related to the soil. The present work aimed to evaluate soil compactions in bean culture of different soil management systems, by means of digital images. This study took place at the Federal University of Viçosa, randomized block design with six replications was used and four treatments, (direct planting, conventional preparation, minimum plantation using grade crusher-leveler and minimum plantation using scarificator), were evaluated. The spectral responses using the vegetation indexes (NDVI, RS, GNDVI, VARI, WDRVI and SAVI) were evaluated, calculated from digital numbers of the images and the values were estimated from the reflectance. For obtainning the images, a platform containing two digital cameras, one sensitive in the region of visible (RGB) and another sensitive to the region of proximal infrared were used, this platform was attached to a helium-inflatable balloon. The vegetation indexes obtained from the values of digital numbers of images were only able to defer treatments 70 days after plantation. However, indexes obtained from the reflectance, deferred treatments at 34 and 70 days after planting.

scholarly journals APLIKASI KOMPOS TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN PUPUK NPKMg TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH ULTISOL DAN KADAR HARA DAUN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ahmad Syukri ◽  
Nelvia Nelvia ◽  
Adiwirman Adiwirman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Treatment Application

Low productivity of oil palm in Ultisol need to resolve by utilizing appropriate input and efficient soil management. Utilization of  organic waste materials such as oil palm empty bunches (OPEB) is one of way for that. This research was conducted in Kuantan Singingi, Riau from September 2017 to February 2018. The aim of this research is to having dose of OPEB compost and NPKMg fertilizer that can optimize the value of soil chemical characters and nutrient content in leaves. The study determined the effect of composite oil palm empty bunches with cow manure (2:1(w/w)) and NPKMg (13:6:27:4) fertilizer. The study used a completely randomized design consisting of 6 levels :{(2,25 kg NPKMg), (10 kg OPEB compost + 1,75 kg NPKMg), (20 kg OPEBcompost + 1,5 kg NPKMg), (30 kg OPEBcompost+ 1,25 kg NPKMg), (40 kg OPEBcompost + 1,00 kg NPKMg), (50 kg OPEB compost) per tree}, each treatment was repeated 3 times. Parameters measured include soil chemical characters and nutrient content in leaves. The results of study showed, aplication 50 kg per tree TKKS compost was able to increase soil pH. Aplications (2.25 kg NPKMg, 50 kg TKKS compost, 20 kg compost TKKS + 1.50 kg NPKMg and 30 kg compost TKKS + 1.25 kg NPKMg) per tree can increase base saturation. Each treatment application for fertilization has been tested, given the same effect in all soil chemical characters tested beside pH and KB, and same effect in all leaf nutrient contents tested beside Zn.Key words : Palm Oil, Compost, OilPalmEmptyBunches, NPKMg

scholarly journals INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK-FOREST SYSTEM FOR SHEEPS AND GOATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Diogo Kreitlow Zaltron ◽  
Indiamara Marasca ◽  
Gilmar Oliveira Santos ◽  
Raisa Gomes Diniz ◽  
Stella Vanucci Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
Grazing Area ◽  
Degraded Pasture ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Tree Development

The Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration (ILPF) is a soil management that, if conducted with the recommended technical and agronomic principles, allows the maximization of productivity leveraged by sustainability. The chemical, physical and biological attributes of the soil should be evaluated, based on soil and water management and conservation needs, as well as the requirements of the most demanding components of the ILPF. The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance to soil penetration in a pasture area and another with a conventional system. For this, the PenetroLOG Falker model was used. The experiment was conducted in one of the pastures belonging to UniRV on goat grazing. In this area, degraded pasture systems were implemented with crop-livestock-forest integration (ILPF). The leucena was aligned with 3 meters between plants, 20 meters between rows. Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), a plant native to Central America, is a perennial, palatable legume with great utility in the feeding of pigs, cattle and goats, and resistance to drought. Soil compaction by trampling of goats in a grazing area with a conventional area in the ILPF showed levels of similar compaction, being detrimental to pasture and tree development.

scholarly journals Scarification in no-tillage: soil physics and plant development

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Marco Segalla Prazeres ◽  
Fabrício Tondello Barbosa ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Tercio Vaisnava Fehlauer
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
One Year

No-tillage is conservationist soil management for agricultural production and it is based on soil cover by crop residues and restricted mobilization to the sowing line. However, its structure can be affected by the excessive compaction resulting from the traffic of machines. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil physical properties and crop performance in no-tillage with and without scarification, combined with different successions of plant species, in a Humic Cambisol. For this, the species of black oat, wheat and forage turnip were cultivated in winter, and later, corn and beans in summer. Soil samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the experimental period, while evaluations of plant yield were carried out in the final stage of development. Soil scarification reduces relative density (RD) and soil resistance to penetration (RP) after preparation of soil, with effect restricted to the surface layer. Such effects persist for one year, however RD and RP increase over time, regardless of soil management. RP is more sensitive for evaluation of soil compaction and correlates positively with RD, with exponential adjustment. The aerial biomass of black oat, wheat and forage turnip was not affected by soil scarification, and crop yield of beans and corn showed to be more related to the previous cultivation than the scarification in no-tillage.

scholarly journals Soil management, seed treatment and soil compaction on the sowing furrows affect grain yields of upland rice genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1112-1117
Author(s):  
Veneraldo Pinheiro ◽  
◽  
Luís Fernando Stone ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Rice Genotypes

scholarly journals Soil compaction in vineyards of different ages in Pannonian Croatia. Part I. Influence of machinery traffic and soil management on compaction of individual horizons

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor BOGUNOVIC ◽  
Ivica KISIC ◽  
Edi MALETIC ◽  
Aleksandra PERCIN ◽  
Stefan MATO�IC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Different Ages
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