scholarly journals Wpływ wybranych środków ochrony roślin na wzrost grzybów owadobójczych z rzędu owadomorkowców (Entomophthorales)

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
CEZARY TKACZUK ◽  
ANNA MAJCHROWSKA-SAFARYAN ◽  
KATARZYNA ŚLEDŹ
Keyword(s):  
Conidiobolus Coronatus ◽  
Zoophthora Radicans

Intensywne stosowanie pestycydów jest nadal najczęściej wybieraną metodą zwalczania agrofagów w uprawach rolniczych. Dotychczasowe wyniki badań wskazują, iż pestycydy mogą wywierać negatywny wpływ na rozwój, potencjał infekcyjny i przeżywalność grzybów entomopatogenicznych. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu wybranych środków ochrony roślin na wzrost grzybów owadobójczych z rzędu owadomorkowców (Entomophthorales). W warunkach laboratoryjnych zbadano wpływ fungicydów Amistar 250 SC i Miedzian 50 WP, insektycydów Karate Zeon 050 CS i Spintor 240 SC oraz herbicydów Roundup 360 SL i Leopard 05 EC, dodawanych do podłoża hodowlanego w różnych dawkach, na wzrost kolonii grzybów: Zoophthora radicans, Zoophthora ichneumonis i Conidiobolus coronatus. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, iż wzrost kolonii grzybów z rzędu Entomophthorales najsilniej hamowany był przez zastosowane fungicydy i herbicydy, natomiast insektycydy wykazywały stosunkowo najsłabsze toksyczne działanie w stosunku do badanych grzybów owadobójczych. Oba gatunki grzybów z rodzaju Zoophthora okazały się bardziej wrażliwe na toksyczne działanie pestycydów niż C. coronatus.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Gyropsylla spegazziniana (Lizer & Trelles) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) to Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill.

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Francisco Angeli Alves ◽  
Marina Andressa Formentini ◽  
André Luis Pereira Fanti ◽  
Maria Elena Schapovaloff ◽  
Ionete Lúcia Milani Barzotto
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Zoophthora Radicans ◽  
High Level

Gyropsylla spegazziniana is one of the most prominent pest insects of yerba mate culture in all production regions in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. Natural enemies have been recorded on G. spegazziniana nymphs and adults, including the Zoophthora radicans entomopathogenic fungus. Since there are no reports of Beauveria bassiana, the aim of this study was to register its pathogenicity with respect to this insect in a laboratory setting. Yerba mate branches were kept in glass flasks with water and we infested each leaf with 20 newly-emerged nymphs. We prepared three replicates per treatment. We sprayed conidia suspensions (1 × 109 conidia/mL) onto the branches, which we transferred to cages and kept in an acclimatized room (26 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% of relative humidity (R.H.) with a photophase of 14 hours). We evaluated insect mortality daily, and after five days we observed a high level of pathogenicity due to the presence of the fungus, that could be visually observed on the cadaver. The total mortality varied from 25 to 70% (respectively for Unioeste 4 and CG 716) and the confirmed mortality was 30% for Unioeste 52, revealing the fungus' potential. However, more studies are necessary in order to evaluate the strains of this fungus, as well as other species.

Serine proteases and metalloproteases associated with pathogenesis but not host specificity in the Entomophthoralean fungus Zoophthora radicans

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Xu ◽  
D Baldwin ◽  
C Kindrachuk ◽  
D D Hegedus
Keyword(s):  
Serine Protease ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Zoophthora Radicans

The protease activity of a Zoophthora radicans strain that was highly infective toward Pieris brassicae (cabbage butterfly) larvae was compared with that of isogenic strains that were adapted to Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) larvae through serial passage. All strains produced three distinct serine proteases ranging in size from 25 to 37 kDa; however, the original strain from P. brassicae also produced large amounts of an approximately 46 kDa metalloprotease. Subsequently, a cDNA encoding a 43 kDa (mature enzyme) zinc-dependent metalloprotease, ZrMEP1, was isolated from the original fungal strain and most likely corresponds to the 46 kDa protease observed with in-gel assays. ZrMEP1 possessed characteristics of both the fungalysin and thermolysin metalloprotease families found in some pulmonary and dermal pathogens. This is the first report of this type of metalloprotease from an entomo pathogenic fungus. A cDNA encoding a trypsin-like serine protease, ZrSP1, was also identified and was most similar to a serine protease from the plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae. In artificial media, ZrMEP1 and ZrSP1 were found to be differentially responsive to gelatin and catabolite repression in the fungal strains adapted to P. brassicae and P. xylostella, but their expression patterns within infected larvae were the same. It appears that while these proteases likely play a role in the infection process, they may not be major host specificity determinants.Key words: Zoophthora radicans, metalloprotease, serine protease, pathogenesis, entomopathogen, host specificity.

Coronatin-2 from the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus kills Galleria mellonella larvae and incapacitates hemocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Boguś ◽  
W. Wieloch ◽  
M. Ligęza-Żuber
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Sequence Coverage ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Conidiobolus Coronatus ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

AbstractCoronatin-2, a 14.5 kDa protein, was isolated from culture filtrates of the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Costantin) Batko (Entomophthoramycota: Entomophthorales). After LC–MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) analysis of the tryptic peptide digest of coronatin-2 and a mass spectra database search no orthologs of this protein could be found in fungi. The highest homology was observed to the partial translation elongation factor 1a from Sphaerosporium equinum (protein sequence coverage, 21%), with only one peptide sequence, suggesting that coronatin-2 is a novel fungal protein that has not yet been described. In contrast to coronatin-1, an insecticidal 36 kDa protein, which shows both elastolytic and chitinolytic activity, coronatin-2 showed no enzymatic activity. Addition of coronatin-2 into cultures of hemocytes taken from larvae of Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), resulted in progressive disintegration of nets formed by granulocytes and plasmatocytes due to rapid degranulation of granulocytes, extensive vacuolization of plasmatocytes accompanied by cytoplasm expulsion, and cell disintegration. Spherulocytes remained intact, while oenocytes rapidly disintegrated. Coronatin-2 produced 80% mortality when injected into G. mellonella at 5 µg larva−1. Further study is warranted to determine the relevance of the acute toxicity of coronatin-2 and its effects on hemocytes in vitro to virulence of C. coronatus against its hosts.

scholarly journals Amino Acids in Entomopathogenic Fungi Cultured In Vitro

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1899
Author(s):  
Lech Wojciech Szajdak ◽  
Stanisław Bałazy ◽  
Teresa Meysner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Conidiobolus Coronatus ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Isaria Farinosa ◽  
Lecanicillium Lecanii ◽  
Wide Range

The content of bounded amino acids in six entomopathogenic fungi was identified and determined. Analyzing the elements characterizing the pathogenicity of individual species of fungi based on infectivity criteria, ranges of infected hosts, and the ability to induce epizootics, these can be ranked in the following order: Isaria farinosa, Isaria tenuipes, Isaria fumosorose, Lecanicillium lecanii, Conidiobolus coronatus, Isaria coleopterorum. These fungi represent two types of Hyphomycetales-Paecilomyces Bainier and Verticillium Nees ex Fr. and one type of Entomophtorales-Conidiobolus Brefeld. Our study indicates that there are significant quantitative and qualitative differences of bounded amino acids in the entomopathogenic fungal strains contained in the mycelium between high and low pathogenicity strains. The richest composition of bounded amino acids has been shown in the mycelium of the Isaria farinosa strain, which is one of the most commonly presented pathogenic fungi in this group with a very wide range of infected hosts and is the most frequently recorded in nature as an important factor limiting the population of insects.

Competition between isolates of Zoophthora radicans co-infecting Plutella xylostella populations

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santo Morales-Vidal ◽  
Raquel Alatorre-Rosas ◽  
Suzanne J. Clark ◽  
Judith K. Pell ◽  
Ariel W. Guzmán-Franco
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Zoophthora Radicans

Infection à Conidiobolus coronatus révélée par une tumeur de la face

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-T. Bachelet ◽  
G. Buiret ◽  
M. Chevallier ◽  
J.-F. Bergerot ◽  
L. Ory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conidiobolus Coronatus
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