scholarly journals Wpływ nawadniania pól uprawnych ściekami wytwarzanymi podczas produkcji drożdży na skład flory segetalnej

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
TOMASZ R. SEKUTOWSKI ◽  
BARTŁOMIEJ KARAMON ◽  
JÓZEF ROLA ◽  
HENRYKA ROLA
Keyword(s):  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Bromus Hordeaceus ◽  
Poa Trivialis

W doświadczeniu przeprowadzonym na polach produkcyjnych należących do firmy Leasaffre Polska z siedzibą w Wołczynie (51˚4’N, 17˚57’E) oceniano wpływ nawadniania ściekami uzyskanymi z przemysłu spożywczego (po produkcji drożdży) na występowanie oraz skład gatunkowy chwastów w łanie mozgi trzcinowatej, pszenicy jarej, pszenicy ozimej oraz kukurydzy. Niezależnie od rośliny uprawnej oraz zastosowanej dawki polewowej ścieku główny składnik flory segetalnej nawadnianych plantacji stanowiły gatunki higrofilne, tj. Phragmites australis, Equisetum arvense, higro-, i nitrofilne, tj. Polygonum hydropiper, Symphytum officinale, Echinochloa crus-galli, Poa trivialis, Apera spica-venti, Matricaria maritima ssp. Indora, oraz nitrofilne, tj. Galium aparine, Solanum nigrum, Urtica dioica i Galinsoga parviflora. Natomiast na plantacjach, na których nie stosowano nawadniania ściekiem, najczęściej występowały gatunki siedlisk suchych lub okresowo wysychających, tj. Setaria viridis, Conyza canadensis, Bromus hordeaceus czy Plantago lanceolata. Ponadto dość liczną grupę stanowiły gatunki, które występowały zarówno na polach nawadnianych, jak i nienawadnianych, a które można określić mianem neutralnych, tj. Elymus repens, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Fallopia convolvulus, Geranium pusillum, Polygonum aviculare i Cirsium arvense.  

scholarly journals Možnosti zatiranja izbranih plevelnih vrst v Evropi z žuželkami

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Sergeja ADAMIČ ◽  
Stanislav TRDAN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Ophraella Communa ◽  
Tyta Luctuosa

Weed control by insects is increasingly important, as chemical weed control (the use of herbicides) has an important impact on the environment and, consequently, on all organisms living there. The use of insects to control weeds thus represents an alternative to herbicides. The article presents the suppression of some widespread and persistent weeds in Europe with their natural enemies - insects. The following combinations presented below are: broad-leaved dock (<em>Rumex obtusifolius</em> L.) – <em>Gastrophysa viridula</em> (De Geer, 1775), curly dock (<em>Rumex crispus</em> L.) – <em>Apion violaceum</em> (Kirby, 1808), common ragweed (<em>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</em> L.) – <em>Ophraella communa</em> (LeSage, 1986) and <em>Zygogramma suturalis</em> (Fabricius, 1775), creeping thistle (<em>Cirsium arvense</em> (L.) Scop.) – <em>Cassida rubiginosa</em> (Müller, 1776), cleavers (<em>Galium aparine</em> L.) – <em>Halidamia affinis</em> (Fallen, 1807) and <em>Sermylassa halensis</em> (Linnaeus, 1767), common knotgrass (<em>Polygonum aviculare</em> L.) and black-bindweed (<em>Fallopia convolvulus</em> L.) – <em>Gastrophysa polygoni</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) and as the last one field bindweed (<em>Convolvulus arvensis</em> L.) – <em>Galeruca rufa</em>  (Germar, 1824) and <em>Tyta luctuosa</em> (Denis in Schiffmuller, 1775).

scholarly journals Nuevos xenófitos de La Palma (Islas Canarias, España), con énfasis en las especies naturalizadas y (potencialmente) invasoras. Parte 2.

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 005
Author(s):  
R. Otto ◽  
F. Verloove
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Syzygium Jambos ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Malvastrum Coromandelianum

Varios meses de trabajos de campo en La Palma (Islas Canarias occidentales) han posibilitado el descubrimiento de nuevas plantas vasculares no nativas. Abutilon theophrasti, Agrostis xfouilladeana, Alternanthera brasiliana, Bupleurum salicifolium subsp. salicifolium, Callisia fragrans, Emilia coccinea, Hyparrhenia sinaica, Ipomoea purpurea, Jasminum polyanthum, Macfadyena unguis-cati, Malvastrum coromandelianum subsp. coromandelianum, Misopates calycinum, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Opuntia microdasys, Passiflora subpeltata, Plantago lanceolata, Polygonum aviculare subsp. rurivagum, Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides, Psidium littorale, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa micrantha, Rumex bucephalophorus subsp. gallicus, Sorghum bicolor subsp. verticilliflorum, Sphagneticola trilobata, Syzygium jambos, Thunbergia alata y Youngia japonica subsp. japonica son xenófitos naturalizados o (potencialmente) invasores, se citan por primera vez para las Islas Canarias o para La Palma. Se dan a conocer por primera vez 14 t·axones adicionales, probablemente casuales, de las Islas Canarias y 15 taxones de la isla de La Palma.

Polygonum alpinum All. Polygonum aviculare L. Polygonum carneum C. Koch Polygonum hydropiper L. Polygonaceae

2017 ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketevan Batsatsashvili ◽  
Naiba P. Mehdiyeva ◽  
George Fayvush ◽  
Zaal Kikvidze ◽  
Manana Khutsishvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare

Polygonum alpinum All. Polygonum aviculare L. Polygonum carneum C. Koch Polygonum hydropiper L. Polygonaceae

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ketevan Batsatsashvili ◽  
Naiba Mehdiyeva ◽  
George Fayvush ◽  
Zaal Kikvidze ◽  
Manana Khutsishvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare

Chemical weed control in young peach trees

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
K Koffmann ◽  
J Kaldor
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Peach Trees

The effects of five residual herbicides and two mixtures of herbicides on tree and weed growth were studied in two trials over two consecutive seasons in a young peach orchard at Bathurst, New South Wales. In the first trial, dichlobenil at 4.5 and 9.0 kg ha-1 increased tree growth and suppressed weeds, but the residual effects of the low rate were short; simazine (2.2 kg ha-1), trifluralin (2.2 kg ha-1) and simazine (1 1 kg ha-1) plus trifluralin (1.1 kg ha-1) also reduced weed incidence but did not improve tree growth. In the second trial, terbacil (2.2 kg ha-1) and mixtures of diuron (1.1 kg ha-1) and terbacil at 1.1 or 2.2 kg ha-1 effectively controlled weeds, giving faster tree growth. Terbacil (1.1 kg ha-1) and diuron (1.1 kg ha-1) suppressed broadleaf but not grass weeds. Terbacil (1.1 kg ha-1) improved tree growth only in the second season; diuron (1.1 kg ha-1) did not affect tree growth. None of the peach trees displayed toxic symptoms. The main weeds present in the trial site were: Amaranthus powellii, Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare, Lepidium hyssopifolum, Lactuca serriola, Rumex acetosella, Sonchus oleraceus, Plantago lanceolata, Cynodon dactylon, Bromus sp, and Eragrostis sp.

scholarly journals Plant communities of cereals with respect to the location of field in mountain region

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Ewa Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Pronounced Effect ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Centaurea Cyanus ◽  
Weed Infestation

Studies on weed infestation of cereals with respect to the location of the field under various mountain conditions (bottom ofthe valley, slopes with different exposure, local top area) were carried out in the central part of the Dunajec valley in the Beskidy Mountains. Plant communities on the slopes and top area contained more species than those in the bottom of the valley. Coverage of soil by weeds on the slopes was also higher. However, slope exposure had no pronounced effect on the differentiation of weed composition. Dominating species in all area where the studies were carried out were: <em>Stellaria media, Galium aparine, Centaurea cyanus, Apera spica-venti and Cirsium arvense</em>.

scholarly journals Evaluation of New Harvesting Methods to Reduce Weeds on Arable Fields and Collect a New Feedstock

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Glasner ◽  
Christopher Vieregge ◽  
Josef Robert ◽  
Johanna Fenselau ◽  
Zahra Bitarafan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Bromus Hordeaceus ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Combine Harvester

During harvesting, grain, straw, and chaff with weed seeds are separated. The chaff is returned to the fields, resulting in weed problems in the subsequent crops. We estimated the fraction of weed seeds a combine harvester could potentially harvest and used various methods to collect the chaff and treat it with heat to kill weed seeds or reduce weed seed germination. Chaff with weed seeds was placed on top of the straw and afterwards baled with the straw as a method to remove weed seeds from the field. We exposed chaff with weed seeds to exhaust gas with various temperatures and durations to study whether this heating method could be used to reduce the input of viable weed seeds to the soil during harvesting. By collecting the shed weed seeds during the growing season, we estimated that a combine harvester could potentially harvest 41%, 11%, and 100% of the seeds produced in the growing season by Bromus hordeaceus, Cirsium arvense, and Galium aparine, respectively. When the chaff was placed on top of the straw, 45% of the weed seeds stayed in the chaff fraction on top of the straw swath after one day, 35% got into the straw swath, and 20% past through the swath to the ground. Therefore, baling straw with chaff placed on the top only had a limited effect on reducing weed seed infestation. The study showed that thermal weed seed control during harvesting could potentially be applicable and incorporated in an integrated weed management approach.

scholarly journals The Effect of Botanical Extracts Obtained through Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction on White Head Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Capitata L.) Seedlings Grown under Controlled Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Godlewska ◽  
Anita Biesiada ◽  
Izabela Michalak ◽  
Paweł Pacyga
Keyword(s):  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Equisetum Arvense ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Botanical Extracts

This research presents the possibility of using innovative botanical extracts as biostimulants of plant growth to improve plant nutritional value, growth, and development. It is important to increase agricultural production but this process should be carried out in a sustainable way, without causing risks for both the environment and consumers. For this reason, we have focused on the use of 14 natural raw materials and ultrasound assisted extraction for the production of biostimulants. Results proved that higher plants can be used to obtain valuable products for the application in modern horticulture and agriculture. For instance, extract based on Urtica dioica L. showed the highest biostimulatory properties: in the group sprayed with 0.1% extract cabbage seedlings were longer by 31%, while with 1.0% extract of Polygonum aviculare L. roots were longer by 72% than in the control group treated with water. Extracts based on Equisetum arvense L. (0.5%) and Urtica dioica L. (leaf) (0.1%) increased the fresh weight of sprouts by 113% and 112%, respectively. The highest root weight was observed in groups treated with Equisetum arvense L. (0.5%), Polygonum aviculare L. (0.5%), and Urtica dioica L. (leaf) (2.5%)—heavier by 207%, 206%, and 205%, respectively. Most of biostimulants increased the content of pigments involved in photosynthesis (e.g. 156% more chlorophyll for 0.1% Hypericum perforatum L. extract), decreased the content of polyphenols (e.g. 47% less for 2.5% Trifolium pretense extract), and showed a varied impact on antioxidant activity. There is an increasing interest in botanical extracts due to their high content of biologically active compounds and wide variety of application possibilities.

Intervals of superphosphate application to downland permanent pasture

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. T. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Prunella Vulgaris ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ranunculus Bulbosus

1. Superphosphate, at two levels and three intervals of application, was applied to calcareous downland pasture grazed by sheep over a period of 3 years.2. At the high level, total dry-matter and crudeprotein yields were higher from a single initial application and from thrice-yearly applications than from annual applications.3. At the high level, mean herbage phosphate content and total phosphate yield were higher following a single initial application than when superphosphate was applied at shorter intervals.4. Superphosphate increased the cover of grasses and legumes and reduced the cover of herbs.5. Superphosphate affected the cover of individual species in the following manner:(a) Favourably: Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Arrhenatherum elatius, Poa trivialis, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens.(b) Unfavourably: Agrostis stolonifera, Leontodon spp., Prunella vulgaris, and other minor herbs.(c) No measurable effect: Poa pratensis, Plantago lanceolata, Ranunculus bulbosus and Crepis capillaris.

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