scholarly journals Adolescent Boys Workshops: Creating Awareness on Various Boys Issues in a Slum and Resettlement Colony in Delhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sayantan Banerjee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Training ◽  
Slum Community

Background: Adolescence is the period of growing-up, this phase is characterized by marked and rapid changes: physical, psychological, sexual, socio-economical. There are many workshops and training sessions held for adolescent girls, while the boys in this age group are overlooked. The present study focuses on a series of workshops that were held exclusively for adolescent boys in an urban resettlement colony in Delhi. Method: This retrospective study was conducted from 15th February 2020 to 15th May 2020, in a slum community of Delhi, for 131 adolescent boys, who had attended Adolescent Boys Workshops from February to August 2019. The study was aimed to find out the increase in the awareness and knowledge of adolescent boys who attended these workshops, on various adolescence related topics. Statistical analysis was done in order to obtain mean, median and mode of the test scores. The student T test was applied to find the statistically significant p value. A p-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Result: There was increase in the mean knowledge score from 5.3 to 7.0; t-5.36748, p-value < .00001 in pre and post-tests. 85.5% of the boys had access to mobile phones. It was found that 93 (70.9%) of the participants were underweight. Thirty four (25.9%) were anaemic. Conclusion: The present study has shown that workshops through effective module for adolescent boys are helpful in creating awareness amongst them. Therefore there is a need to address more and more adolescent boys with such kind of workshops.

scholarly journals Validity of the Diabetes, Hypertension and Hyperlipidaemia (DHL) Knowledge Instrument among Medical Students of Karachi

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Aleena Zehra Merchant ◽  
Muhammad Ahad Sher Khan ◽  
Arsalan Majeed Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Levels

BACKGROUND: While there have been a number of studies on DM, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, an instrument which assesses knowledge based on all three conditions has neither been established nor authorized in Pakistan. Hence, the focus of this study was to establish a pre- tested extensive questionnaire to evaluate medical students’ understanding of DM, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and their medications for use.METHODS: A pre-validated and pre-tested DHL instrument was employed on 250 students of Dow Medical and Sindh Medical College and on 45 physicians working in a leading teaching hospital of Karachi. The DHL knowledge instrument was then distributed a second time to the very same set of students, after a period of 2 months, at the end of the foundation module, once they had received some basic formal medical education including diabetes and CVS diseases.RESULTS: The overall internal consistency for the DHL instrument failed to comply with the set standard of more than or equal to 0.7 as our results yielded Cronbach’s α of 0.6. Overall the average difficulty factor of 28 questions is 0.41, which highlighted that the instrument was moderately tough. The mean scores for all domains were substantially lower in the students section in comparison to that of the professional section, which had remarkable impact on the overall mean(SD) knowledge score (40.58 ± 14.63 vs. 63.49 ± 06.67 ; p value = 0.00).CONCLUSION: The instrument can be used to recognize people who require educational programs and keep an account of the changes with the passage of time as it could help in differentiating the knowledge levels among its participants based on their educational status.

scholarly journals Socio Demographic Profile and Risperidone Response in New Versus Old Schizophrenia Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Mohan Belbase ◽  
Jyoti Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized with disorganized thinking, perception, expression of reality with significant social and occupational dysfunction. Two groups of drugs are in recent use namely first generation (typicals) and second generation (atypical) antipsychotics. Risperidone is a broad spectrum antipsychotic and has a role as a first-line agent for first break, mild to moderately ill patients and for severely ill treatment–refractory patients. Aims: This article tries to compare the risperidone response in newly diagnosed schizophrenia patients versus old patients already on some antipsychotics other than risperidone. Methods: This is an experimental intervention study of patients attending to psychiatry OPD and indoor in Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur. Total 40 patients (27 new and 13 old) were selected and sample was collected in one year from January 2018 till December 2018. Positive and negative syndrome scale questionnaire was used to record the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia on baseline (week 0). Patients were followed up on week 4 and week 8 and the same positive and negative syndrome scale questionnaire was applied to record the improvement. Risperidone was given in therapeutic dose (4-8mg) on the basis of symptoms and improvement. Results: The study subjects were divided into new N=27 (17 male and 10 female) and old N=13 (7 male and 6 female). Maximum number of schizophrenia cases were in age group 15-25 and 35-44 years comprising 30 % in each group. Mean total duration of illness in new group was 23.89 ± 29.51 months (median being 12.0 months) while in old group it was 123.69 ± 83.34 months (median being 96.0 months) with significant difference between two groups (p= <0.001).The mean risperidone dose in milligram on base line (week 0) was 4.15 ±  0.55 for old group while it was 4.04 ± 0.52 for new group. On week 4, the mean dose for old group was 5.08 ± 0.95 while for the new group it was 4.81 ± 1.08. On week 8, the dose for old group was 6.08 ± 1.32 while it was 5.15 ± 1.35 for new group. There was a significant difference in the drug dose on week 8 between old group and new group with p value of 0.047 (statistically significant).  Conclusion: Our study suggests that schizophrenia is found in most productive age group. Risperidone is  effective in both new and old schizophrenia patients however old patients need higher dose of risperidone than new patients.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of teacher training conducted at Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
G P Dhungana ◽  
R M Piryani ◽  
M L Chapagain ◽  
M Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teachers Training ◽  
Experimental Group

Teaching and learning are equally important for the teacher. For teaching to be effective, whereby participants learn better, training of teachers is imperative. Teacher’s training is one of the important aspects of faculty development at Chitwan Medical College (CMC) and this study was done to assess the effectiveness of the teachers’ training pre test, post test experimental group design. In pre test, only 5.6% of the participants had adequate knowledge whereas after teacher’s training, 27.7 % had adequate knowledge. The mean (±SD) knowledge score before and after the intervention was 26.7±5.6 and 33.6 ± 5.6 respectively. The percent change in knowledge after intervention was 25.8 was statistically significant p value <0.001 .Which suggesting that the teachers’ training was an effective intervention.

scholarly journals Study of Cervical Biopsy over a Decade at a Tertiary Level Hospital, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Suman Raj Tamrakar ◽  
S Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Cervical Biopsy ◽  
Precancerous Cervical Lesion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Hospital

Cervical carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy and almost curable cancer, if identified at an early stage. Cervical biopsy remains the ‘gold standard’ for the diagnosis of precancerous cervical lesion. The objective of this study was to review the histopathological findings of cervical biopsy including cervical polypectomy and hysterectomy specimens at Dhulikhel Hospital from January 2008 to December 2018. Out of 2098 cases, almost half of the cases (49.3%) were of Brahmin/Chhetri castes. There were significant differences in mean ages among hysterectomy cases (47.55±9.26), cervical biopsy cases (43.08±11.50) and polypectomy cases (33.59±12.47) (p value < 0.005). Out of 925 cervical specimens (cervical biopsy and polypectomy), colposcopy and hysteroscopy were performed in 18.2% and 12.7%, respectively. Out of 1173 hysterectomies, there were 110 cases (9.4%) of malignancies and cervical cancer was the most common (67, 60.9%). The mean age of cervical cancer patients was 52.87±11.94 years. Cervical cancer detected in age group of 40 – 59 years was significantly high (p value < 0.005). Incidence of cervical cancer was lowest in Brahmin/Chhetris (2.4%) compared to Newars (3.4%) and other Janajatis (12.8%) and the difference was statistically significant (p value < 0.005). The findings of this study is useful in updating the histopathological pattern of cervical biopsies.

scholarly journals The Usefulness of the QR Code in Orthotic Applications after Orthopedic Surgery

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Jaeho Cho ◽  
Gi-Won Seo ◽  
Jeong Seok Lee ◽  
Hyung Ki Cho ◽  
Eun Myeong Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Valuable Method ◽  
Code Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Satisfaction With Education ◽  
And Training

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of QR (quick response) codes in explaining the proper method for orthotic use after orthopedic surgery. A questionnaire survey was adopted to evaluate patient satisfaction with education and training in orthotic applications after orthopedic surgery. The study periods were 1 April to 30 April 2017, and 1 October to 31 October 2017. The oral training involving the conventional orthoses was conducted in April, and the videos with the orthosis on the QR code were captured in October. The QR code containing the data was distributed and the education was conducted. A total of 68 patients (QR-code group: 33) participated in the questionnaire survey. After the QR code application, the number of retraining cases increased from 62.9 to 93.9% (p-value < 0.01). The mean scores of the four items measuring the comprehension increased from 10.97 to 14.39. The satisfaction level rose from 7.14 to 9.30, and the performance increased from 7.14 to 9.52 (p-value < 0.01). The QR code is expected to be a valuable method for explaining the orthotic application after orthopedic surgery, and especially when repeated explanations are needed for elderly patients.

scholarly journals Comprehensive study of ovarian tumours in Kathmandu University Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Suman Raj Tamrakar ◽  
Ramesh Makaju ◽  
Abha Shrestha ◽  
Suresh Kayastha
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Teratoma ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Benign Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
The Mean

Background: Ovarian tumours account for 15% to 25% of all primary malignancy and the leading cause of death from gynaecolgical malignancies. There are limited publications related to ovarian tumours from Nepal. Ovarian related surgeries are the common surgeries in Kathmandu University Hospital. This study aims to provide basic information related to ovarian tumours from this geographical region of Nepal. Objectives: To review the nature of ovarian problems and certain socio-demographic information namely: caste, age, address and co-morbid condition of the patients presenting with ovarian problems. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of patients seeking surgical treatment of ovarian lesions in Kathmandu University Hospital from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2018. This study was undertaken by reviewing the inpatient, outpatients and OT records in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the records from Department of Pathology. All the files and computer records were reviewed and analyzed for nature of ovarian problems and certain demographic variables. Results: Out of the 860 cases, about 61% were non-neoplastic while benign ovarian tumours and malignant ovarian tumours were 35% and 3.7 % respectively. Almost one third of the cases were of Brahmin/Chhetri (37.3%) and 58.3% of the patients were from Kavre district. Mean age of the patients with ovarian problems was 34.89±11.15 years (range 12-72 years). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean age of patients with non-neoplastic ovarian lesions and neoplastic ovarian lesions (p value = 0.3371). There was statistically significant difference between the mean age of patients with benign ovarian tumours and malignant ovarian tumours (p value = 0.0001). And malignant ovarian tumours were significantly high among patients above 41 years in comparison to benign ovarian tumours of same age group (p value = 0.0008). Out of 32, ten malignant ovarian tumours occurred in relatively young age group. Of the 860 ovarian lesions, 438 and 422 ovarian lesions were removed through open technique and laparoscopic techniques respectively. Mature cystic teratoma (64.1%) was the commonest benign tumor and serous cyst adenocarcinoma (43.8%) was the commonest malignant tumour in this study. Conclusion: Ovarian tumours are one of the gynaecological diagnoses in Kathmandu University Hospital. If only ovarian neoplasms are considered, most of the ovarian tumours are benign and few are malignant. Minimal invasive surgeries are possible, except that for malignant ovarian tumours.

scholarly journals Comparing the effect of two educational interventions on mothers’ awareness, attitude, and self-efficacy regarding sexual health care of educable intellectually disabled adolescent girls: a cluster randomized control trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Goli ◽  
Mahnaz Noroozi ◽  
Mehrdad Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Intellectually Disabled ◽  
Sexual Health Care ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Training

Abstract Background Sexual problems of intellectually disabled adolescents are associated with their inability to understand sexuality. Given the important role of parents in forming the attitude of their adolescents towards sexuality, the present study aimed to compare the effect of two educational interventions on mothers’ awareness, attitude and self-efficacy regarding sexual health care of intellectually disabled adolescent girls. Materials and methods This cluster randomized control trial was conducted in six intellectually disabled adolescent education centers in Isfahan, Iran in 2018. The centers were randomly assigned to intervention groups (group training and training through booklet) and control group. Mothers of educable intellectually disabled adolescent girls (n = 81) were entered into the three groups using convenience sampling and their awareness, attitude and self-efficacy regarding sexual health care of adolescent girls were assessed using questionnaires before and after the educational intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results The mean score of mothers’ awareness, attitude and self-efficacy in each of the “group training”, “training through booklet group” and “control group” was significantly different after the intervention compared to before the intervention (p < 0.05). The mean score of mothers’ awareness and self-efficacy after the intervention in the “group training” was higher than the “control group” and “training through booklet group” (p < 0.001). The mean score of mothers’ awareness and self-efficacy after the intervention in the “training through booklet group” was higher than in “control group” (p = 0.005, p = 0.02). Also, after the intervention, the mean score of mothers’ attitude in the “group training” was higher than the “control group” and the “training through booklet group” (p < 0.001), but there was no significant statistical difference between the mean score of mothers’ attitude in “control group” and “training through booklet group” (p > 0.05). Conclusion Implementation of the group training intervention for mothers of intellectually disabled adolescent girls in comparison with training through booklet was associated with a greater increase in their awareness, attitude and self-efficacy regarding sexual health care of adolescent girls. Therefore, group training is suggested as a suitable way to educate mothers about sexual health care of intellectually disabled adolescent girls. Trial registration IRCT, IRCT20160224026756N5. Registered 22 June 2018, https://en.irct.ir/user/trial/31704/view.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Video YouTube tentang Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMK YPSEI Palangka Raya

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Erina Eka Hatini ◽  
Noordiati Noordiati
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Prevalence of anemia is about 29% (496 million) in women who are not pregnant, and about 38 % or 32.4 million pregnant women aged 15-49 years are anemic. (WHO, 2014 ) . About 23% of adolescent girls experience anemia due to iron deficiency and have low knowledge about anemia. This study aims to analyze the use of Video Youtube to increase the knowledge of young girls about Anemia. This study was using one design group comparison pretest-posttest design. About 96% of respondents are 14-16 years old, 4% of respondents are ≥17 years old. As many as 100% of young girls know information about anemia from health education by health workers. Around 64 % of young girls experience menstruation around the age of 10-13 years, 36 % at age 14-16 years. Analysis using the Wilcoxon test, the average score of girls knowledge was 52.00 before the intervention and after the intervention, the average knowledge score of the young girls was around 83.60. The analysis has obtained a p-value of 0.000 (p <0.05), which indicates the intervention counseling video increases young girls' knowledge about anemia significantly.

scholarly journals Needlestick Injuries among Dental Professionals in Dental Colleges of Rawalpindi, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Batool Zara ◽  
Eruj Shuja ◽  
Nasar Um Min Allah ◽  
Muddasar Pervez ◽  
Omer Siddiquie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Needlestick Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Injection Techniques ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dental Assistants ◽  
Dental Professionals

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of Needlestick Injuries (NSIs) among dental professionals in various dental hospitals of Rawalpindi. Study Design and Setting: It was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in four different dental colleges of Rawalpindi from January 2019 to March 2019. Methodology: By using convenient sampling technique, a total of 252 dental professionals were approached for the data collection through a structured, pretested, self-designed questionnaire. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. P-value <= 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Among 252 participants; 36 (14.3%) were dental assistants, 158 (62.7%) were dentists, 38 (15.1%) were postgraduate trainees (PGTs) and 20 (7.9%) were consultant dentists. The mean age ± SD of participants was 26.9 ± 5.41. There were 92 (36.5%) male and 160 (63.5%) female participants. Mean knowledge score was best for consultant dentists (85.83 ± 15.74) followed by PGTs (80.70 ± 14.71) and dentists (76.58 ± 15.39) whereas it is lower for dental assistants (65.28 ± 11.87), p = 0.002. Practice response has shown that 22 (16%) of the dental assistants have never been vaccinated for Hepatitis B whereas most of the dental assistants have never reported the incident of NSIs to the concerned authorities. Conclusion: NSIs continue to be a serious occupational hazard in the field of Dentistry. This study concluded that despite the mean knowledge score was highest among consultant dentists, the dental assistants and dentists have lower overall knowledge and practice indicates a need to continuing education on safe injection techniques along with the hands-on programme to prevent NSIs in hospitals.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding poly cystic ovarian disease among adolescent girls of Sursinghdhar, New Tehri, Uttarkhand, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5832
Author(s):  
Durga Joshi ◽  
Sonia Bisht ◽  
Shweta Panwar ◽  
Priyanka Negi ◽  
Aarti Dharwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
P Value ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Teaching Programme ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Ovarian Disease ◽  
Post Test

Background: An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) among adolescent girls.Methods: The research design adopted for the study was one group pre – test post – test design and approach was educative and evaluative approach. This study was undertaken in village of Sursinghdhar, New Tehri, Uttarakhand, India. The data were collected through the questionnaire method with sample size 60 adolescent girls.Results: Findings related to the assessment of pre-test knowledge regarding PCOD depicted that 48.4% of the respondents had average knowledge while 43.3% had poor knowledge. Only 8.3% had good knowledge regarding PCOD. The pretest mean and Sd was 10.1±4.0. Post-test knowledge regarding PCOD depicted that 81.7% of respondents had good knowledge whereas 16.7% and 1.6% reported average and poor knowledge. The post test mean and SD was 19.0±2.8. Effectiveness of PTP on knowledge regarding PCOD among adolescent girls was calculated by paired t- test; and value was 24.1 with p value of 0.001 (S) at ≤0.05 level of significance. It was highly significant. Chi square test revealed that there was significant association between pre-test knowledge score with age (p value 0.02) and previous knowledge socio-demographic variable p value 0.05 at ≤0.05 level of significanceConclusions: The overall findings of the study clearly shows that the pretest knowledge was very less related to PCOD and there is the statistically enhancement in post-test knowledge after PTP. It reveals that, if the adolescent girls are provided regular awareness programme on PCOD will definitely brief up their knowledge, which in turn to improve the total quality of one’s reproductive health.

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