scholarly journals Overview of Epidemiological Investigations: Nurses’ Role

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Amala Seeli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Quantitative Skills ◽  
Nurses Role

Emerging infectious diseases continue to disrupt the health care system in each level and are becoming progressively complicated to detect and treat successfully. Epidemiological investigations are a challenging task for the Health workers. The main purpose of this investigation is to identify the disease in the early stage and reduce the number death due to the sudden outbreak of any communicable diseases in the community. The steps in outbreak investigation should be “quick and clean.” Investigating an outbreak requires a combination of diplomacy, logical thinking, problem-solving ability, quantitative skills, and judgment. These skills improve with practice and experience.

scholarly journals Lessons from the domestic Ebola response: Improving health care system resilience to high consequence infectious diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Meyer ◽  
Tara Kirk Sell ◽  
Monica Schoch-Spana ◽  
Matthew P. Shearer ◽  
Hannah Chandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
System Resilience ◽  
Improving Health Care ◽  
Care System

scholarly journals Reoperation costs in attempted breast-conserving surgery: a decision analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pataky ◽  
C.R. Baliski
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Breast Conserving Surgery ◽  
Reoperation Rate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care System

Background Breast-conserving surgery (bcs) is the preferred surgical approach for most patients with early-stage breast cancer. Frequently, concerns arise about the pathologic margin status, resulting in an average reoperation rate of 23% in Canada. No consensus has been reached about the ideal reoperation rate, although 10% has been suggested as a target. Upon undergoing reoperation, many patients choose mastectomy and breast reconstruction, which add to the morbidity and cost of patient care. We attempted to identify the cost of reoperation after bcs, and the effect that a reduction in the reoperation rate could have on the B.C. health care system.Methods A decision tree was constructed to estimate the average cost per patient undergoing initial bcs with two reoperation frequency scenarios: 23% and 10%. The model included the direct medical costs from the perspective of the B.C. health care system for the most common surgical treatment options, including breast reconstruction and postoperative radiation therapy.Results Costs ranged from a low of $8,225 per patient with definitive bcs [95% confidence interval (ci): $8,061 to $8,383] to a high of $26,026 for reoperation with mastectomy and delayed reconstruction (95% ci: $23,991 to $28,122). If the reoperation rate could be reduced to 10%, the average saving would be $1,055 per patient undergoing attempted bcs (95% ci: $959 to $1,156). If the lower rate were to be achieved in British Columbia, it would translate into a savings of $1.9 million annually.Summary The implementation of initiatives to reduce reoperation after bcs could result in significant savings to the health care system, while potentially improving the quality of patient care.

scholarly journals Telemanagement of Home-Isolated COVID-19 Patients Using Oxygen Therapy With Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation and Physical Therapy Techniques: Randomized Clinical Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Sedky Adly ◽  
Mahmoud Sedky Adly ◽  
Afnan Sedky Adly
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

BACKGROUND With the growing stress on hospitals caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for home-based solutions has become a necessity to support these overwhelmed hospitals. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to compare two nonpharmacological respiratory treatment methods for home-isolated COVID-19 patients using a newly developed telemanagement health care system. METHODS In this single-blinded randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with stage 1 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection were treated. Group A (n=30) received oxygen therapy with bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation, and Group B (n=30) received osteopathic manipulative respiratory and physical therapy techniques. Arterial blood gases of PaO<sub>2</sub> and PaCO<sub>2</sub>, pH, vital signs (ie, temperature, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure), and chest computed tomography scans were used for follow-up and for assessment of the course and duration of recovery. RESULTS Analysis of the results showed a significant difference between the two groups (<i>P</i>&lt;.05), with Group A showing shorter recovery periods than Group B (mean 14.9, SD 1.7 days, and mean 23.9, SD 2.3 days, respectively). Significant differences were also observed between baseline and final readings in all of the outcome measures in both groups (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). Regarding posttreatment satisfaction with our proposed telemanagement health care system, positive responses were given by most of the patients in both groups. CONCLUSIONS It was found that home-based oxygen therapy with BiPAP can be a more effective prophylactic treatment approach than osteopathic manipulative respiratory and physical therapy techniques, as it can impede exacerbation of early-stage COVID-19 pneumonia. Telemanagement health care systems are promising methods to help in the pandemic-related shortage of hospital beds, as they showed reasonable effectiveness and reliability in the monitoring and management of patients with early-stage COVID-19 pneumonia. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04368923; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04368923

scholarly journals Emerging infectious disease preparedness and response in healthcare: perspectives from COVID-19 and the role of College-Learnt Microbiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-321
Author(s):  
J. Tonui ◽  
W. Chepkutto ◽  
J. Rotich
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Emerging Infections

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in December 2019 in Wuhan City China where it is believed to have been transmitted to humans from an unknown animal species. The public health, social and economic impact of the pandemic world over is detrimental. Health care providers at the frontline in the fight against COVID-19 are at the greatest risk of infection and so far, many have been infected and some have already died from the disease. Thus, it is imperative that healthcare providers have adequate knowledge of infectious diseases and microbial pathogens to comprehend the scale of risk for better recognition and response. Microbiological concepts of infection prevention and control, hand hygiene and aseptic techniques are essential in slowing down the spread of the virus. COVID-19 has proven that infectious agents can emerge from any region in the world and can spread rapidly with ominous consequences to all humanity. This narrative review discusses the role of college-learnt microbiology in health care provider preparedness for emerging infectious diseases in light of the current pandemic. Keywords: Emerging; Infections; Preparedness; Response; Microbiology; COVID-19; Training

SOA Designed Health Care System for Taiwan Government

2012 ◽  
pp. 643-669
Author(s):  
Jun-Bin Shi ◽  
Shu-Fen Yang ◽  
Tsung-Jen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care System

SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) is gaining popularity in becoming the mainstream in corporate integrated applications in recent years. However, at the early stage of proposal for SOA, due to the lack of a completion in relevant standards and infrastructure, corporations still need to evaluate the effect and risks involved in investment for SOA. For this reason, the introduction for SOA among corporations becomes relatively conservative. In contrast to the conservation projected by corporations at the initial stage, the government agents took position in promoting SOA and developing e-Government, who were the forerunners first committed in the integration of SOA applications.

scholarly journals Cultural Leverage

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 243S-282S ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Fisher ◽  
Deborah L. Burnet ◽  
Elbert S. Huang ◽  
Marshall H. Chin ◽  
Kathleen A. Cagney
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Patient Navigators ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Racial Disparities In Health ◽  
Care System

The authors reviewed interventions using cultural leverage to narrow racial disparities in health care. Thirty-eight interventions of three types were identified: interventions that modified the health behaviors of individual patients of color, that increased the access of communities of color to the existing health care system, and that modified the health care system to better serve patients of color and their communities. Individual-level interventions typically tapped community members' expertise to shape programs. Access interventions largely involved screening programs, incorporating patient navigators and lay educators. Health care interventions focused on the roles of nurses, counselors, and community health workers to deliver culturally tailored health information. These interventions increased patients' knowledge for self-care, decreased barriers to access, and improved providers' cultural competence. The delivery of processes of care or intermediate health outcomes was significantly improved in 23 interventions. Interventions using cultural leverage show tremendous promise in reducing health disparities, but more research is needed to understand their health effects in combination with other interventions.

Motivational Factors Influencing Retention of Village Health Workers in Rural Communities of Bhutan

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-442
Author(s):  
Dolley Tshering ◽  
Phudit Tejativaddhana ◽  
Taweesak Siripornpibul ◽  
Mary Cruickshank ◽  
David Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Village Health Workers ◽  
Village Health ◽  
Care System

Village health workers (VHWs) are the first contact extending vital health services to unreached and underserved communities in Bhutan. VHWs truly embody the principles of primary health care and are effective catalysts in promoting community health. This study identifies and confirms factors motivating VHWs to remain in the health care system. This is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional survey design. Two-stage cluster sampling was used with VHWs from 12 districts representing 3 regions of Bhutan. Data were collected using pretested semistructured questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for data analysis. Findings reveal a 4-factor model of motivations among VHWs that includes social, personal, job related, and organizational factors. Among these, the social factor most significantly motivates VHWs to remain in the health care system. VHW motivation can be further fostered by providing a holistic combination of financial and nonfinancial incentives that recognize intrinsic needs and empower innate altruism.

Changes in Cuban Health Care: An Argument against Technological Pessimism

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Guttmacher ◽  
Ross Danielson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Care System

Since the popular revolution in 1959, alterations in the organization and delivery of health care in Cuba have paralleled the country's broader political, economic, and social changes. This paper discusses the evolution of the Cuban health care system during the past seventeen years within the wider context of societal development. The authors compare three “snapshots” of Cuba, the first in 1959, the second in 1970, and the last in 1976, and touch upon such issues as the organization of health care delivery, the recruitment and socialization of health workers, and aspects of the process of receiving health care. They point out that the Cuban experience should be of particular interest to the developing world. For though it is true that a larger portion of Cuban national resources has been directed to the health and social services than in other developing countries, nonetheless, it was largely through the reorganization and equalization of the prerevolutionary health care system that improvement in the health status of the population was achieved. It appears that Cuba could well serve as an example for those who are skeptical about the possibility of combining technical development with improvement in the humane quality of care.

Superbugs in the Anthropocene

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Angus
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Care System

The promise of a world without disease has been replaced by warnings of evermore virulent pathogens, created by the very drugs that were supposed to save us. Scarcely a day passes without more news of people contracting infections or infectious diseases that cannot be cured by the strongest medicines available. Antimicrobial Resistance is a global health crisis driven by two major factors: the spectacular ability of bacteria to adapt to threats, and a pharmaceutical industry and health care system that puts profit before people. In addition to devastating climate change, the Anthropocene may be defined by epidemics that medicine cannot cure.

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