scholarly journals Current status of plant parasitic nematodes and their management of major spice crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Pervez
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematode

Major spices crops such as black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) production in India is sustained losses due to several reasons. Among them, one of the major constraints are nematode infesting diseases, which causes significant yield losses and affecting their productivity. The major nematode pests infesting these crops include burrowing nematode Radopholus similis; root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on black pepper. Whereas, lesion nematode, Pratylenchus sp., M. incognita and R. similis infesting cardamom and turmeric crops. Black pepper is susceptible to a number of diseases of which slow decline caused by R. similis and M. incognita or Phytophthora capsici  either alone and in combination and root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. are the major ones.  Root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. is major constraints in the successful cultivation and production in cardamom. Turmeric is susceptible to a number of diseases such as brown rot disease is caused by Fusarium sp. and lesion nematode, Pratylenchus sp. and root knot disease caused by M. incognita. Adoption of integrated pest management schedules is important in these crops since excessive use of pesticides could lead to pesticide residues in the produce affecting human health and also causing other ecological hazards. 

scholarly journals Root parasitic nematodes in nursery plants imported to Finland in 1980

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Sirpa Kurppa
Keyword(s):  
Infected Plant ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
De Man ◽  
Ditylenchus Destructor

Injurious nematodes were found in 201 of the investigated 670 plant stocks of 42 imported consignments. Infections by quarantine nematodes appeared in 100 stocks of 26 consignments, 15 there of including 3 or more infected plant stocks each. Root knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp., appeared in 81 stocks, i.e. 12 % of the investigated material. The infections were found in 40 plant species, relatively often in barberry, Berberis sp., and in peony, Paeonia sp.. Among garden roses, 26 out of 167 stocks investigated were infected by root knot nematodes. Root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Chitwood & Oteifa, of P. convallariae Seinhorst was found in 28 plant stocks, i.e. 4 % of the investigated material. Several Pratylenchus-infected stocks were found among roses, raspberry and barberry. Potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, was found in one rose stock and related D. myceliophagus J. B. Goodey in 12 stocks of various plants. Several ectoparasitic species were found in very low numbers. Virus vectors, Trichodorus primitivus (de Man) Micoletzky and T. viruliferus Hooper, were detected in a total of four stocks, but too few for virus transmission tests. The transmissability ofthe detected nematodes was discussed, and the risks of introduction of nematode pests to the country was re-assessed.

scholarly journals A High-Throughput Molecular Pipeline Reveals the Diversity in Prevalence and Abundance of Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne Species in Coffee Plantations

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Bell ◽  
Howard J. Atkinson ◽  
Alan C. Andrade ◽  
Hoa X. Nguyen ◽  
I. Gede Swibawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
The Cost

Coffee yields are adversely affected by plant-parasitic nematodes and the pathogens are largely underreported because a simple and reliable identification method is not available. We describe a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to rapidly detect and quantify the major Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne nematode species that are capable of parasitizing coffee. The procedure was applied to soil samples obtained from a number of coffee farms in Brazil, Vietnam, and Indonesia to assess the prevalence of these species associated both with coffee (Coffea arabica and C. canephora) and its intercropped species Musa acuminata (banana) and Piper nigrum (black pepper). Pratylenchus coffeae and P. brachyurus were associated with coffee in all three countries but there were distinct profiles of Meloidogyne spp. Meloidogyne incognita, M. exigua, and M. paranaensis were identified in samples from Brazil and M. incognita and M. hapla were detected around the roots of coffee in Vietnam. No Meloidogyne spp. were detected in samples from Indonesia. There was a high abundance of Meloidogyne spp. in soil samples in which Pratylenchus spp. were low or not detected, suggesting that the success of one genus may deter another. Meloidogyne spp. in Vietnam and Pratylenchus spp. in Indonesia were more numerous around intercropped plants than in association with coffee. The data suggest a widespread but differential nematode problem associated with coffee production across the regions studied. The issue is compounded by the current choice of intercrops that support large nematode populations. Wider application of the approach would elucidate the true global scale of the nematode problem and the cost to coffee production. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

The role of plant-parasitic nematodes in reducing yield of sugarcane in fine-textured soils in Queensland, Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Blair ◽  
G. R. Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stalk Length ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Damage to sugarcane caused by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is well documented in infertile coarse-textured soils, but crop losses have never been assessed in the fine-textured soils on which more than 95% of Australia’s sugarcane is grown. The impact of nematodes in these more fertile soils was assessed by repeatedly applying nematicides (aldicarb and fenamiphos) to plant and ratoon crops in 16 fields, and measuring their effects on nematode populations, sugarcane growth and yield. In untreated plant crops, mid-season population densities of lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae), root-knot nematode (M. javanica), stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus annulatus), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera) and stubby-root nematode (Paratrichodorus minor) averaged 1065, 214, 535, 217 and 103 nematodes/200 mL soil, respectively. Lower mean nematode population densities were recorded in the first ratoon, particularly for root-knot nematode. Nematicides reduced populations of lesion nematode by 66–99% in both plant and ratoon crops, but control of root-knot nematode was inconsistent, particularly in ratoons. Nematicide treatment had a greater impact on shoot and stalk length than on shoot and stalk number. The entire community of pest nematodes appeared to be contributing to lost productivity, but stalk length and final yield responses correlated most consistently with the number of lesion nematodes controlled. Fine roots in nematicide-treated plots were healthier and more numerous than in untreated plots, and this was indicative of the reduced impact of lesion nematode. Yield responses averaged 15.3% in plant crops and 11.6% in ratoons, indicating that nematodes are subtle but significant pests of sugarcane in fine-textured soils. On the basis of these results, plant-parasitic nematodes are conservatively estimated to cost the Australian sugar industry about AU$82 million/annum.

scholarly journals Combined Application of Rhizosphere Bacteria with Endophytic Bacteria Suppresses Root Diseases and Increases Productivity of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Sy Dinh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Huyen Trang Trinh ◽  
Trung Dzung Tran ◽  
Tinh Van Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Van Chuyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacteria ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Central Highland

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is one of the most important crops and global demand continues to increase, giving it a high export value. However, black pepper cultivation has been seriously affected by a number of pathogenic diseases. Among them, “quick wilt” caused by Phytophthora sp., “slow decline” caused by Fusarium sp., and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne sp. have a serious negative effect on black pepper growth and productivity. There have been different chemical and biological methods applied to control these diseases, but their effectiveness has been limited. The aim of this research was to evaluate different combinations of rhizosphere bacteria and endophytic bacteria isolated from black pepper farms in the Central Highland of Vietnam for their ability to suppress pathogens and promote black pepper growth and yield. Formula 6, containing the strains Bacillus velezensis KN12, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DL1, Bacillus velezensis DS29, Bacillus subtilis BH15, Bacillus subtilis V1.21 and Bacillus cereus CS30 exhibited the largest effect against Phytophthora and Fusarium in the soil and in the roots of black pepper. These bio-products also increased chlorophyll a and b contents, which led to a 1.5-fold increase of the photosynthetic intensity than the control formula and a 4.5% increase in the peppercorn yield (3.45 vs. 3.30 tons per hectare for the control). Our results suggest that the application of rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria is a promising method for disease control and growth-promotion of black pepper.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of PR-1 Genes From Piper Nigrum Reveals Critical Role in Defense Response During Phytophthora Capsici Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Kattupalli ◽  
Asha Sriniva ◽  
Soniya E V
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Background: Black pepper is a prominent spice which is an indispensable ingredient in culinary and traditional medicine. Phytophthora capsici, the causative agent of foot rot disease causes drastic constraint in black pepper cultivation and productivity. To counterattack various biotic and abiotic stresses plants employ a broad array of mechanisms one such includes the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Several studies have reported the role of PR-1 proteins in triggering the plant defenses during plant-oomycete interaction.Results: Through the genome-wide survey, eleven PR-1 genes that belongs to a CAP superfamily protein with Caveolin-Binding Motif (CBM) and CAP-derived peptide (CAPE) were identified from P. nigrum. Despite the critical functional domains, PnPR1 homologs differ in their signal peptide motifs, and core amino acid sequence composition in the functional protein domains. The GO, biological function analysis reveals their role in defense responses and response to biotic stimulus whereas the KEGG functional annotation predicted their function in the plant-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, transcriptome-assisted FPKM analysis revealed PnPR-1 genes mapped to P. nigrum - P. capsici interaction pathway. The differentially expressed pathogen-responsive PR-1 gene was validated through qRT-PCR. Subsequent analysis revealed the structural details, phylogenetic relationships, conserved sequence motifs and critical cis-regulatory elements of PnPR-1 genes.Conclusion: This is the first genome-wide study that identified the role of PR-1 genes during P. nigrum - P. capsici interactions. The detailed in silico experimental analysis revealed the vital role of PnPR-1 genes in regulating the first layer of defense towards P. capsici infection in Panniyur-1 plants.

Pathogenic variability in Phytophthora capsici from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) as revealed by transcriptome analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-503
Author(s):  
Anandaraj Muthuswamy ◽  
Vinitha Kakkattil Balakrishnan ◽  
Umadevi Palaniyandi ◽  
Monica V. Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

Virulence of Phytophthora isolates from Piper nigrum L. and their sensitivity to metalaxyl-mancozeb

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.B. Vinitha, M. Anandaraj and R. Suseela Bhai
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Highly Virulent

<p>Foot rot disease caused by <em>Phytophthora capsici</em> in black pepper is the most destructive disease. A total of 82 isolates from the National Repository of <em>Phytophthora</em> at ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research were evaluated for their sensitivity to metalaxylmancozeb and also tested for their virulence. Of the 82 isolates studied, 19 (23.2%) were highly sensitive to metalaxyl-mancozeb and six (7.3%) were comparatively insensitive (EC<sub>90</sub> value &gt;40 ppm; range 41.3 to 68.5 ppm). The isolates also varied in the degree of virulence, viz., 34 (41.5%) were highly virulent, 39 (47.6%) moderately virulent, 4 (3.7%) mildly virulent, and 5 (6.1%) non-virulent. There was neither any significant correlation between sensitivity to metalaxyl-mancozeb and virulence nor with the geographical location<strong>. </strong></p>

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