scholarly journals Root parasitic nematodes in nursery plants imported to Finland in 1980

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Sirpa Kurppa
Keyword(s):  
Infected Plant ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
De Man ◽  
Ditylenchus Destructor

Injurious nematodes were found in 201 of the investigated 670 plant stocks of 42 imported consignments. Infections by quarantine nematodes appeared in 100 stocks of 26 consignments, 15 there of including 3 or more infected plant stocks each. Root knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp., appeared in 81 stocks, i.e. 12 % of the investigated material. The infections were found in 40 plant species, relatively often in barberry, Berberis sp., and in peony, Paeonia sp.. Among garden roses, 26 out of 167 stocks investigated were infected by root knot nematodes. Root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Chitwood & Oteifa, of P. convallariae Seinhorst was found in 28 plant stocks, i.e. 4 % of the investigated material. Several Pratylenchus-infected stocks were found among roses, raspberry and barberry. Potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, was found in one rose stock and related D. myceliophagus J. B. Goodey in 12 stocks of various plants. Several ectoparasitic species were found in very low numbers. Virus vectors, Trichodorus primitivus (de Man) Micoletzky and T. viruliferus Hooper, were detected in a total of four stocks, but too few for virus transmission tests. The transmissability ofthe detected nematodes was discussed, and the risks of introduction of nematode pests to the country was re-assessed.

THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE, PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS (COBB, 1917) FILIP. & STEK., 1941, IN STRAWBERRY IN THE NIAGARA PENINSULA AND NORFOLK COUNTY IN ONTARIO

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. & Stek., 1941, and Paratylenchus projectus Jenkins, 1956, were the predominant plant parasitic nematodes associated with strawberry in the Niagara Peninsula and Norfolk County in Ontario from 1956 to 1960. However, P. penetrans was the only nematode whose occurrence could be correlated with a specific type of root lesion and with stunting. The lesions it caused on the roots were elliptical and amber to dark brown. All strawberry varieties examined were infected with P. penetrans. Under controlled conditions large numbers of P. penetrans were required to produce stunting. The amount of growth was inversely proportional to the density of the initial nematode population.

scholarly journals Current status of plant parasitic nematodes and their management of major spice crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Pervez
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematode

Major spices crops such as black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) production in India is sustained losses due to several reasons. Among them, one of the major constraints are nematode infesting diseases, which causes significant yield losses and affecting their productivity. The major nematode pests infesting these crops include burrowing nematode Radopholus similis; root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on black pepper. Whereas, lesion nematode, Pratylenchus sp., M. incognita and R. similis infesting cardamom and turmeric crops. Black pepper is susceptible to a number of diseases of which slow decline caused by R. similis and M. incognita or Phytophthora capsici  either alone and in combination and root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. are the major ones.  Root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. is major constraints in the successful cultivation and production in cardamom. Turmeric is susceptible to a number of diseases such as brown rot disease is caused by Fusarium sp. and lesion nematode, Pratylenchus sp. and root knot disease caused by M. incognita. Adoption of integrated pest management schedules is important in these crops since excessive use of pesticides could lead to pesticide residues in the produce affecting human health and also causing other ecological hazards. 

scholarly journals Additive effect of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans and the fungus Rhizoctonia solani on potato yield and damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-829
Author(s):  
Maria Viketoft ◽  
Adam Flöhr ◽  
Jan-Eric Englund ◽  
Jonas Kardell ◽  
Eva Edin
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
The One

Abstract The significance of nematodes for disease development caused by other soil-borne pathogens has been demonstrated in many crops throughout the world and specifically prevalent are interactions between plant-parasitic nematodes and species of plant pathogenic fungi. Here, the interaction between the fungus Rhizoctonia solani (AG2) and the migratory endoparasitic root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans was investigated on potato. The hypotheses were that the combination of R. solani and P. penetrans would result in more severe canker lesions, reduced quality of the tubers and lower tuber yield, and we also expected higher nematode levels to render more nematode damage. To test this, potato plants were grown in pots in two replicate experiments and the presence and/or abundance of the two pathogens were controlled. The first three hypotheses were rejected as (1) the tuber yield decreased when the fungus and nematode occurred together but not more than the sum of their separate effects, i.e. additive, (2) there was no effect of presence of nematodes on the incidence of stem canker, and (3) the quality of tubers was actually partly improved as the presence of the nematodes reduced the likelihood of elephant hide on the tubers in one of the experiments. As expected, there were more visible nematode damages with addition of more nematodes, but beyond that the different nematode levels rendered in most cases similar responses. To have knowledge about interactions between pathogens, as the one showed here, is essential for disease control through appropriate management methods.

scholarly journals A new esophageal gland transcriptome reveals signatures of large scale de novo effector birth in the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Vieira ◽  
Jonathan Shao ◽  
Paramasivan Vijayapalani ◽  
Thomas R. Maier ◽  
Clement Pellegrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Gene Gain ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Background The root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans is a migratory plant-parasitic nematode responsible for economically important losses in a wide number of crops. Despite the importance of P. penetrans, the molecular mechanisms employed by this nematode to promote virulence remain largely unknown. Results Here we generated a new and comprehensive esophageal glands-specific transcriptome library for P. penetrans. In-depth analysis of this transcriptome enabled a robust identification of a catalogue of 30 new candidate effector genes, which were experimentally validated in the esophageal glands by in situ hybridization. We further validated the expression of a multifaceted network of candidate effectors during the interaction with different plants. To advance our understanding of the “effectorome” of P. penetrans, we adopted a phylogenetic approach and compared the expanded effector repertoire of P. penetrans to the genome/transcriptome of other nematode species with similar or contrasting parasitism strategies. Our data allowed us to infer plausible evolutionary histories that shaped the effector repertoire of P. penetrans, as well as other close and distant plant-parasitic nematodes. Two remarkable trends were apparent: 1) large scale effector birth in the Pratylenchidae in general and P. penetrans in particular, and 2) large scale effector death in sedentary (endo) plant-parasitic nematodes. Conclusions Our study doubles the number of validated Pratylenchus penetrans effectors reported in the literature. The dramatic effector gene gain in P. penetrans could be related to the remarkable ability of this nematode to parasitize a large number of plants. Our data provide valuable insights into nematode parasitism and contribute towards basic understating of the adaptation of P. penetrans and other root lesion nematodes to specific host plants.

scholarly journals Analysis of Asian Rice (Oryza sativa) Genotypes Reveals a New Source of Resistance to the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica and the Root-Lesion Nematode Pratylenchus zeae

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 1572-1577
Author(s):  
Zobaida Lahari ◽  
Radisras Nkurunziza ◽  
Lander Bauters ◽  
Godelieve Gheysen
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The sedentary root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., and the migratory root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp., cause significant yield losses, particularly in aerobic and upland rice production systems. Recently, the Asian rice Oryza sativa accessions LD 24 and Khao Pahk Maw (KPM) were shown to be highly resistant to M. graminicola. In this study, we have analyzed the responses and broadness of resistance of these two rice genotypes to another root-knot nematode M. javanica and a root-lesion nematode P. zeae. The penetration as well as post-penetration development and reproduction of nematodes were compared including known susceptible and resistant genotypes. Our results indicate that the genotype KPM confers strong resistance to both M. javanica and P. zeae, while LD 24 was resistant to M. javanica and susceptible to P. zeae. Detailed observations revealed that similar numbers of M. javanica or P. zeae penetrated the resistant and susceptible hosts during early infection stages. However, the development and reproduction of both nematodes were arrested or reduced in resistant genotypes, implying that resistance occurs at the post-penetration stage.

Plant parasitic nematodes in white clover and soil from white clover pastures in Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. McLeish ◽  
G. N. Berg ◽  
J. M. Hinch ◽  
L. V. Nambiar ◽  
M. R. Norton
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary. Seventeen sites, including locations in all the major white clover growing regions of Australia, were surveyed for the presence of plant parasitic nematodes in autumn and spring 1993. Trifolium repens L. cvv. Haifa and Irrigation, plus 1 other cultivar, were sampled at each site and nematodes extracted from roots, stems and soil. Thirteen genera of plant parasitic nematodes were detected. The clover cyst nematode, Heterodera trifolii, and root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., were each recorded at over 75% of the sites. The most common genera of plant parasitic nematodes detected were Tylenchus, which was present at all sites, and Pratylenchus (root lesion nematode), which was present at all but 1 site. Other plant parasitic nematode genera found included Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus and Paratylenchus. The widespread presence of nematodes in white clover pastures, and the high populations at some sites, suggest that they may be economically important to the Australian dairy industry.

Effects of crop rotations on carrot yield and on the nematodes Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne hapla

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Kimpinski ◽  
Kevin Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Rotation Crops

Abstract Carrot yield (Daucus carota) and population levels of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans and the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla were measured in five rotation crops and in subsequent carrot crops at three field sites (1998-1999, 1999-2000, and 2000-2001). Total and marketable carrot yields averaged over the three sites did not differ in the crop sequences but there was a difference among sites. The total yields at sites 1, 2, and 3 were 77.86, 68.12, and 30.33 tonnes ha-1, respectively. Marketable yields were 59.04, 60.62, and 24.11 tonnes ha-1 at sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The lower yields were attributed primarily to less rainfall during July and August in 2001, and possibly to northern root-knot nematodes that were more prevalent at site 3. Mean levels of root-lesion nematodes in soil were highest (2690 nematodes kg-1) in carrot that followed timothy (Phleum pratense cv. Common), lowest (1100 nematodes kg-1) in carrots that followed marigold (Tagetes erecta cv. Crackerjack), and intermediate after barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Chapais), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum cv. Millet 101), and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Lemtal). Root-lesion nematode populations were also lower in marigold than in the other crops. Northern root-knot nematodes were not detected in rotation crops. The study indicated that carrot yields did not differ irrespective of the previous crop, but root-lesion nematode populations in soil at harvest were highest in carrots that followed timothy and lowest in carrots that followed marigolds. Population levels of root-knot nematodes in carrots did not differ among the crop sequences.

The role of plant-parasitic nematodes in reducing yield of sugarcane in fine-textured soils in Queensland, Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Blair ◽  
G. R. Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stalk Length ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Damage to sugarcane caused by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is well documented in infertile coarse-textured soils, but crop losses have never been assessed in the fine-textured soils on which more than 95% of Australia’s sugarcane is grown. The impact of nematodes in these more fertile soils was assessed by repeatedly applying nematicides (aldicarb and fenamiphos) to plant and ratoon crops in 16 fields, and measuring their effects on nematode populations, sugarcane growth and yield. In untreated plant crops, mid-season population densities of lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae), root-knot nematode (M. javanica), stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus annulatus), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera) and stubby-root nematode (Paratrichodorus minor) averaged 1065, 214, 535, 217 and 103 nematodes/200 mL soil, respectively. Lower mean nematode population densities were recorded in the first ratoon, particularly for root-knot nematode. Nematicides reduced populations of lesion nematode by 66–99% in both plant and ratoon crops, but control of root-knot nematode was inconsistent, particularly in ratoons. Nematicide treatment had a greater impact on shoot and stalk length than on shoot and stalk number. The entire community of pest nematodes appeared to be contributing to lost productivity, but stalk length and final yield responses correlated most consistently with the number of lesion nematodes controlled. Fine roots in nematicide-treated plots were healthier and more numerous than in untreated plots, and this was indicative of the reduced impact of lesion nematode. Yield responses averaged 15.3% in plant crops and 11.6% in ratoons, indicating that nematodes are subtle but significant pests of sugarcane in fine-textured soils. On the basis of these results, plant-parasitic nematodes are conservatively estimated to cost the Australian sugar industry about AU$82 million/annum.

EFFECTS OF SOIL MANAGEMENT ON NUMBERS OF THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS IN SOILS OF ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARDS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
C. F. MARKS ◽  
W. J. SAIDAK ◽  
P. W. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Lesion Nematode

The use of herbicides and cover crops in peach orchards influenced the numbers of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, in Fox sandy loam soils. Plots treated over the entire area with the herbicide combination of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) and linuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea) had the smallest number of P. penetrans in the soil. The soil management practice used by many Ontario growers, clean cultivation until 1 July followed by a weed cover, resulted in the largest numbers of nematodes in the soil. Creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) as a cover crop retarded the rate of increase of P. penetrans numbers in the soil but Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare cult sudanense Hitchc.) did not. Weed control practices that permitted a temporary re-establishment of weed covers, did not retard the increase of P. penetrans numbers. Use of paraquat plus linuron to limit weed growth in the tree rows coupled with a permanent cover of creeping red fescue between the rows appears to be an effective way of retarding increases of P. penetrans numbers in peach orchards. Soil management systems that incorporate these features may be of practical value to Ontario peach growers.

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