The Romanian Peace Movements as Ecumenical Initiatives Reflected in Református Szemle

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Olga Lukács
Keyword(s):  
Church History ◽  
The State ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Peace Movements ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Conference Presentations ◽  
Muslim Communities

"The Bucharest Conference convened by Iustinian, the Patriarch of the Romani-an Orthodox Church, on 23 June 1949 marked the starting point of meetings be-tween the leaders of the Christian and non-Christian faiths in the country, and, ac-cording to the higher orders, these conferences took place annually during the communist period that followed, also being known as “peace conferences”. At the first conference, representatives of seven Christian denominations and those of the Jewish and Muslim communities signed a statement expressing their appreciation of religious freedom built on popular democracy and affirmed the equality of the vari-ous churches. In this “local ecumenism” that was prescribed by the state, the interconfessional conferences of the Orthodox and Protestant theology professors, which started in 1964 and alternately took place in Bucharest, Cluj, and Sibiu, proved to be very important. The topics of discussions at these conferences were theological issues; there was a forced search for aspects linking the two churches, and the guidelines prescribed for the churches by the state apparatus were also introduced. This study analyses the nature of the conference topics, namely the political im-plications by which “they wanted or had to please the state”. The conference presentations are even more significant as they served as a basis for the annual train-ing of priests and ministers, and the studies were published in the scientific journals of the churches as well. Keywords: communist regime, communist dictatorship, church history, peace conferences, interconfessional dialogue."

scholarly journals The concept of "religious cult": scientific and legal aspects

2006 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Olena V. Katunina
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Religious Cult ◽  
Set Up

During the Second World War, two new government bodies were established in the Soviet Union to deal with religious communities: on September 14, 1943, the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church was formed, and on May 19, 1944, the Council for Religious Cults. Their formation was linked to the liberalization of Stalin's policy on the church, which supported the state in its fight against fascism. The creation of two independent structures was also due to the fact that the communist regime paid special attention to cooperation with the leadership of the Orthodox Church, whose leaders not only raised funds for the needs of the front, but also were leaders of Stalin's political line, both within the state and in the its borders. In order to coordinate these activities more effectively, a Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church was set up, headed by intelligence officers. In recent years, a large number of ground works have been published, which analyze the issues of interaction between the Orthodox Church and the state during the years of Soviet power. N.Hordienko, Yu.Katunin, M.Korzun, V.Paschenko, D.Pospelovsky, V.Tsipin and many other Ukrainian and foreign authors dealt with these issues.

PROBLEMS OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH HISTORY IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF POLISH RESEARCHERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-98
Author(s):  
Oksana Babenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Church History ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

The review examines the works of Polish researches in which the problems of the history of the Russian Orthodox Church are analyzed. The relationship along the lines of «church-state» and «church-intelligentsia» is presented. The conclusions of Polish historians boil down to the fact that the church and the state in Russia interacted in order to turn Orthodoxy into the state religion.

scholarly journals Paavo Kontkanen and his Role in Normalization of Relations between the Russian and Finnish Orthodox Churches

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107-1123
Author(s):  
Siluan Nikitin, episcopus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Church History ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Church

The interrelations of the Russian and Finnish Orthodox Churches in the 20th century are dramatic and poorly studied by Russian historians. This article, on the basis of materials from the State Archives of the Russian Federation and studies into church history translated from Finnish, attempts to evaluate the role of Dr. Paavo Kontkanen, an active member of the Finnish Archdiocese, in the relations between these two Churches. He exemplified a change in the attitude of the National Orthodox Church of Finland towards the Russian Church, historically kyriarchal, in the second half of the previous century. Dr. Paavo Kontkanen, being for a long time a member of the collegiate administrative body of the Finnish Archdiocese, the Church Administrative Council, with permission from Archbishop Herman (Aav) started negotiations with the leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church on a private level. Having archieved understanding with the chairman of the Department of External Church Relations, Metropolitan Nicholas (Yarushevich), Kontkanen considered the possibility of reunification of the Finnish Church and the Russian Church only for a short period, before receiving the status of Autocephalous Local Church from Moscow. Kontkanen’s actions enable to regard him as a conductor of Finland’s ecclesiastical interests aimed at rapprochement with the Soviet Union. It can be proved by Kontkanen’s close contacts with the President of Finland, Urho Kaleva Kekkonen, and his ability to defend interests of the “pro-Russian” part of the clergy and the Finnish Orthodox Church in the face of the state and the Church Council.

scholarly journals The entire lifetime of Yugoslavia in two state forms

2014 ◽  
pp. 9-39
Author(s):  
Marko Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Competitive Model ◽  
Kingdom Of Yugoslavia

According to the generally accepted viewpoint, the Yugoslav state, for seven decades of its lifetime (1918-1991), has gone through around seven forms of government (centralization, dictatorship, deconcentration/decentralization, three or four forms of communist federation, monarchy and republic). This paper, however, shows that the entire life of the Yugoslav state passed in only two forms - the form of regional state (1921-1939) and the form of real union (1946-1991). By the Vidovdan (1921) and September Constitution (1931), the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was organized as a regional state. During its lifetime as a competitive model, there was a project of a real union, shaped in the Constitution draft of ?the Croatian Community? (1921). It was preceded by the concepts of a real union from the ?Geneva Agreement? and ?Zagreb Instructions? (Naputci). It was followed by the constitutional programme of the Montenegrin federalists and the Croatian demands for the return to ?the starting point? (1918), which meant that ?historical individualities? had to decide on the transfer of some affairs to the state center. With the communist regime (1945), a real union was established and, changing a few forms (?Soviets?, ?producers?, ?self-managers?, ?delegates?), it lasted until the dissolution of the state in 1991. With the Constitution of 1974, the Yugoslav state was completely established as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but instead of two it has six members with communist monarch.

scholarly journals MODUS OPERANDI KORUPSI DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN APARATUR NEGARA DALAM HADIS-HADIS NABI DAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
H. Rajab
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Times ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The Modus Operandi of Corruption and its Relation to the State Apparatus in the Prophet's Hadiths and Legislation in IndonesiaThis paper aims to explain the modes of corruption and their relation to the state apparatus in the Prophet's traditions and legislation in Indonesia. So far, when many people talk about corruption, their memory is only of the laws that govern it, as if only the laws and regulations regulate corruption. In fact, long before the legislation was made, the Prophet, through his hadiths, have provided clues about corruption. This research is qualitative descriptive using a literature study that relies on library sources in the form of classic books, books, scientific journals, and other literature sources that are considered relevant. This study finds similarities between the Prophet's hadiths and Indonesian legislation in linking corruption (al-gulūl) to the state apparatus ('āmil) and that the modes of corruption are budget fraud, abuse of authority, embezzlement, and gratification and bribe. The mode then increases and develops with the times. Hopefully, through this writing, there will be awareness again that involvement in corruption is not only a violation of laws but also a violation of religious teachings and its legal consequences not only in the world but also in the hereafter.

Pengembangan Karir dan Iklim Organisasi terhadap Komitmen Karyawan (Studi Kasus pada Bank Daerah Syariah)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Fotuho Waruwu ◽  
Dematria Pringgabayu
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
The State ◽  
Development System ◽  
Work System ◽  
State Apparatus

Human Resources (HR) is a very important part in PT Bank Daerah Syariah, so that it is expected that there is an ideal and sufficient working period to optimize employee careers and increase employee commitment to the company, considering the products produced by the company are products used to facilitate the state apparatus work system and service to the wider community.This study aims to determine the effect of variable Career Development and Organizational Climate on the commitment of Employees in PT Bank Daerah Syariah. The method used in this study is a research mix method, which is a step of research by combining two forms of approach in research that is quantitative and qualitative. The population in this study were all employees in the Bank Daerah Syariah (BDS) as many as 53 employeesThe results showed that the career development variable (X1) and also the Organizational Climate (X2) had a positive and significant effect on the variable Employee Commitment (Y). The conclusion of the research shows that to increase the commitment of employees in PT Bank Daerah Syariah, the company needs to improve the existing career development system and maintain the organizational climate so that it remains conducive for all employees. 

The Constitutional Principle of Accountability: A Study of Contemporary South African Case Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuks Okpaluba
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Law ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Many

‘Accountability’ is one of the democratic values entrenched in the Constitution of South Africa, 1996. It is a value recognised throughout the Constitution and imposed upon the law-making organs of state, the Executive, the Judiciary and all public functionaries. This constitutional imperative is given pride of place among the other founding values: equality before the law, the rule of law and the supremacy of the Constitution. This study therefore sets out to investigate how the courts have grappled with the interpretation and application of the principle of accountability, the starting point being the relationship between accountability and judicial review. Therefore, in the exercise of its judicial review power, a court may enquire whether the failure of a public functionary to comply with a constitutional duty of accountability renders the decision made illegal, irrational or unreasonable. One of the many facets of the principle of accountability upon which this article dwells is to ascertain how the courts have deployed that expression in making the state and its agencies liable for the delictual wrongs committed against an individual in vindication of a breach of the individual’s constitutional right in the course of performing a public duty. Here, accountability and breach of public duty; the liability of the state for detaining illegal immigrants contrary to the prescripts of the law; the vicarious liability of the state for the criminal acts of the police and other law-enforcement officers (as in police rape cases and misuse of official firearms by police officers), and the liability of the state for delictual conduct in the context of public procurement are discussed. Having carefully analysed the available case law, this article concludes that no public functionary can brush aside the duty of accountability wherever it is imposed without being in breach of a vital constitutional mandate. Further, it is the constitutional duty of the courts, when called upon, to declare such act or conduct an infringement of the Constitution.

ANALISIS PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA (Studi pada Dinas Penanaman Modal Pelayanan Terpadu dan Perindustrian Kabupaten Padang Pariaman)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendriko Putra Jayanda
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Linearity Test ◽  
Investment Service ◽  
Integrated Service

The purpose of this study is to test partially and simultaneously the influence of motivation and work environment on the performance of state civil apparatus in the Office of Integrated Service Investment and Industry of Padang Pariaman Regency, data collected by spreading the questionnaire directly. Test of research instrument used is test of validity and reliability test. The classical assumption test used is normality test, linearity test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test. As for hypothesis test used t test and test f. The analytical method used to test the effect of motivation and work environment on the performance of civil state apparatus is multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS. The result of the research shows that there is a significant influence between the working environment on the performance of civil apparatus of the State. Simultaneously or jointly motivation and work environment significantly influence the performance of civil apparatus of the State. Based on the research, it can be concluded that motivation has a significant effect on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus on the Integrated Service and Investment Service Department (DPMPTP) of Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. The work environment has a significant effect on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus on the Integrated Service and Industrial Service Investment Service (DPMPTP) of Padang Kabupaten Pariaman. Morality and work environment have a significant effect on the performance of State Civil Apparatus at the Department of Investment of Integrated Services and Industry (DPMPTP) of Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.

Chernivtsi National University during the Romanian period in Bukovina’s history (1918-1940)

2017 ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Liubov Melnychuk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The State ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
National University ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

The author investigates and analyzes the state Chernivtsi National University during the Romanian period in Bukovina’s history. During that period in the field of education was held a radical change in the direction of intensive Romanization. In period of rigid occupation regime in the province, the government of Romania laid its hopes on the University. The Chernivtsi National University had become a hotbed of Romanization ideas, to ongoing training for church and state apparatus, to educate students in the spirit of devotion Romania. Keywords: Chernivtsi National University, Romania, Romanization, higher education, Bukovina

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