Patients’ Perception of Weight-Related Stigma in a Romanian Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion C. Puia ◽  
◽  
Mihaela Fadgyas Stanculete ◽  
Aida Puia ◽  
Andrei Hopulele-Petri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Related Stigma

HIV-Related Stigma and Concerns in Relation to Distress Among Malawi Women

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Khaylis ◽  
Tammy Shenkman ◽  
Sarah Wiener ◽  
Jill Arganbright ◽  
Cheryl Koopman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Related Stigma

Benefit Finding Is a Moderator of HIV-Related Stigma and Psychological Well-Being

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chatterton ◽  
Erin M. Fekete ◽  
Matthew D. Skinta ◽  
Stacey L. Williams ◽  
Nicole M. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Benefit Finding ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Related Stigma

Prescribing stigma in mental disorders: A comparative study of Portuguese psychiatrists and general practitioners

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110025
Author(s):  
Bárbara Almeida ◽  
Ana Samouco ◽  
Filipe Grilo ◽  
Sónia Pimenta ◽  
Ana Maria Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Speciality ◽  
Diagnostic Overshadowing ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Health Related

Background: Physicians, including psychiatrists and general practitioners (GPs), have been reported as essential sources of stigma towards people diagnosed with a mental disorder (PDMDs), which constitutes an important barrier to recovery and is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Therefore, psychiatrists and GPs are key populations where it is crucial to examine stigma, improve attitudes and reduce discrimination towards psychiatric patients. Aims: This study is the first to explore mental health-related stigma among Portuguese psychiatrists and GPs, examining the differences between these two specialities and assessing whether sociodemographic and professional variables are associated with stigma. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed between June 2018 and August 2019. A consecutive sample of 55 Psychiatrists and 67 GPs working in Porto (Portugal) filled a 25-item self-report questionnaire to assess their attitudes towards PDMDs in clinical practice. The instrument was designed by the authors, based on previous mental health-related stigma studies and validated scales. The questionnaire includes 12 stigma dimensions ( Autonomy, Coercion, Incompetence, Dangerousness, Permanence, Pity, Responsibility, Segregation, Labelling, Diagnostic Overshadowing, Shame and Parental Incompetence), and its total score was used to measure Overall Stigma (OS). Sample characteristics were examined using descriptive statistics, and the factors affecting stigma were assessed through regression analysis. Results: GPs exhibit significantly higher OS levels than psychiatrists, and present higher scores in the dimensions of dangerousness, parental incompetence, diagnostic overshadowing and responsibility. Besides medical speciality, several other sociodemographic variables were associated with sigma, including age, gender, having a friend with a mental disorder, professional category, agreement that Psychiatry diverges from core medicine and physician’s interest in mental health topics. Conclusions: Our data suggest that both psychiatrists and GPs hold some degree of stigmatizing attitudes towards PDMDs. Overall, these results bring new light to stigma research, and provide information to tailor anti-stigma interventions to Portuguese psychiatrists and GPs.

scholarly journals HIV-related stigma in the UK then and now: to what extent are we on track to eliminate stigma? A qualitative investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hedge ◽  
Karrish Devan ◽  
Jose Catalan ◽  
Anna Cheshire ◽  
Damien Ridge
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Engagement In Hiv Care

Abstract Background The introduction of effective antiretroviral treatment in the late 1990s led to the perception that HIV was a chronic but manageable condition. Nevertheless, stigma remains one of the major hurdles for people living with HIV (PLWH) to accessing healthcare and biomedical preventions. Thus, Fast Track Cities has set a target of zero HIV discrimination by 2030 as part of its strategy to end HIV transmission. Methods Fifty-three participants from the United Kingdom, including PLWH (n = 21, 40%), health and social care workers (n = 24, 45%), and charity workers and activists (n = 13, 25%), were recruited. Semi-structured interviews investigated stigma and discrimination, focusing on both before and after the widespread use of effective antiretroviral treatment in the late 1990s. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. Results Before effective antiretroviral treatment narratives were shaped by two main themes: 1) the media’s role in influencing public opinion and contributing to misunderstandings of HIV transmission; and 2) personal experiences of HIV-related stigma, which for PLWH included incidents of physical violence and aggression, as well as fears of their HIV status being publicised. Contemporary narratives on stigma experiences were organised around four themes: 1) discrimination in healthcare settings; 2) stigma amongst men who have sex with men (MSM); 3) stigma towards African and Afro-Caribbean PLWH; and 4) the limits of change in public HIV-related knowledge and attitudes. Contemporary narratives indicated a reduction in enacted stigma, but continued anticipation of discrimination and self-reported shame, particularly in MSM and African and Afro-Caribbean PLWH. Conclusion The nature of stigma against those with HIV has evolved. The intersection of PLWH and minority groups (e.g. MSM and African and Afro-Caribbean persons) may enhance anticipatory and internalised stigma, with some suggestion that this may contribute to reduced engagement in HIV care and prevention services. Our findings indicate the need for further research in this area, as well as proactive interventions with community groups to enhance knowledge of HIV.

scholarly journals Perceived Stigma as a Contextual Barrier to Early Uptake of HIV Testing, Treatment Initiation, and Disclosure; The Case of Patients Admitted with AIDS-Related Illness in a Rural Hospital in South Africa

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Sphiwe Madiba ◽  
Evelyn Ralebona ◽  
Mygirl Lowane
Keyword(s):  
Adult Patients ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Enacted Stigma ◽  
Delayed Disclosure ◽  
Selective Disclosure ◽  
Close Family

We explored the extent to which perceived HIV-related stigma influences the disclosure and concealment of HIV status to family among adult patients hospitalised for AIDS-related illness, and described reports of negative responses and enacted stigma following disclosure. We conducted interviews with a purposeful sample of 28 adult patients in a rural South African hospital. Data analysis was deductive and inductive and followed the thematic approach. We found evidence of delayed HIV diagnosis and initiation of treatment. There was delayed and selective disclosure as well as concealment of the HIV-positive status. The disclosure was delayed for months or even years. During that time, there was active concealment of the HIV status to avoid stigma from family, friends, and community. When disclosure occurred, there was selective disclosure to close family members who would keep the secret and respond favorably. Although the participants disclosed mostly to close family, some of their post-disclosure experiences included incidents of enacted stigma and discrimination. The fear of perceived stigma and self-stigma influenced the active concealment of their HIV status from others. Continuous concealment of one’s HIV status and delayed disclosure limit the opportunities for support and care. There is a need to take into consideration the interaction between HIV-related stigma and disclosure to develop disclosure-counselling strategies in primary health care settings.

Examining the Psychometrics of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Measure for Community HIV-Related Stigma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel B. Algarin ◽  
Gladys E. Ibañez ◽  
David W. Forrest ◽  
Monica Faraldo ◽  
Emma C. Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Surveillance ◽  
National Hiv Behavioral Surveillance ◽  
Related Stigma

scholarly journals The role of unintended pregnancy in internalized stigma among women living with HIV in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Chace Dwyer ◽  
Aparna Jain ◽  
Wilson Liambila ◽  
Charlotte E. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Kenya has successfully expanded HIV treatment, but HIV-related stigma and discrimination, and unintended pregnancy remain issues for many Kenyan women living with HIV. While HIV-related stigma can influence the health seeking behaviors of those living with HIV, less is known about how reproductive health outcomes influence internalized stigma among women living with HIV. Methods Baseline data only were used in this analysis and came from an implementation science study conducted in Kenya from 2015 to 2017. The analytic sample was limited to 1116 women who are living with HIV, between 18 to 44 years old, and have ever experienced a pregnancy. The outcome variable was constructed from 7 internalized stigma statements and agreement with at least 3 statements was categorized as medium/high levels of internalized stigma. Unintended pregnancy, categorized as unintended if the last pregnancy was mistimed or unwanted, was the key independent variable. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between unintended pregnancy and internalized stigma. Associations between internalized stigma and HIV-related discrimination and violence/abuse were also explored. Results About 48% agreed with at least one internalized stigma statement and 19% agreed with at least three. Over half of women reported that their last pregnancy was unintended (59%). Within the year preceding the survey, 52% reported experiencing discrimination and 41% reported experiencing violence or abuse due to their HIV status. Women whose last pregnancy was unintended were 1.6 times (95% CI 1.2–2.3) more likely to have medium/high levels of internalized stigma compared to those whose pregnancy was wanted at the time, adjusting for respondents’ characteristics, experiences of discrimination, and experiences of violence and abuse. Women who experienced HIV-related discrimination in the past 12 months were 1.8 times (95% CI 1.3–2.6) more likely to have medium/high levels of internalized stigma compared to those who experienced no discrimination. Conclusions Results suggest that unintended pregnancy is associated with internalized stigma. Integrated HIV and FP programs in Kenya should continue to address stigma and discrimination while increasing access to comprehensive voluntary family planning services for women living with HIV.

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