scholarly journals Macroeconomic stability and the level of competitiveness in EU member states: a comparative dynamic approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-688
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Roszko-Wójtowicz ◽  
Maria M. Grzelak
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Competitiveness Index ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Diagnostic Variables

Research background: The choice of the issue of international competitive-ness of economies as the research problem addressed in this paper has been mainly dictated by the changes observed in the nature of the development of EU economies and the need to assess the competitiveness of the Polish economy. It is time to evaluate and learn from the largest enlargement in the history of the EU which took place in May 2004. An assessment of changes in the state of EU economies, including the Polish economy, is in the centre of research interest of many scientists. National competitiveness is the subject of a great deal of research and economic studies. Integration and globalisation processes in the world economy are the main reasons for the popularity of this topic. The efficient use of sources and factors determining the competitiveness of economies, sectors and enterprises is associated with prosperity over the long term. One of the methods based on the observation of selected basic indicators of economic competitiveness is the method of analysis called the macroeconomic stabilisation pentagon. The method illustrates the extent to which the government achieves five macroeconomic objectives. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to meet all these objectives at the same time. The difficulty of meeting all these goals concurrently is due to the fact that they are more or less competitive rather than complementary. The proposed assessment of competitiveness based on the developed model of macroeconomic stabilisation pentagon is a unique approach in terms of discussion of country?s competitiveness. This approach significantly distinguishes the current study in comparison with standard international reports on competitiveness such as the Global Competitiveness Index or the EU Regional Competitiveness Index. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to assess the competitiveness of EU economies in the years 2005?2018, based on a selected set of diagnostic variables referring to the concept of macroeconomic stabilisation pentagon. The paper also formulates a detailed list of four research hypotheses. Methods: In order to characterise the competitiveness of the European Union economies, including the EU?15 and EU?13 groups, as well as the Visegrad group, six diagnostic variables affecting the economic situation of individual EU countries were analysed. The variables for analysis were chosen so as to reliably describe the competitive position of a given country, at the same time referring in a substantive sense to the concept of macroeconomic stabilisation pentagon. The linear ordering of objects was made using the reference Hellwig method. The selected method enabled the development of competitiveness rankings of EU Member States in the years 2005, 2009, and 2018. Findings & Value added: The comparative analysis of the main macroeconomic indicators conducted in the paper forms the basis for assessing the cur-rent state of the EU economy in relation to other countries. In the paper, the authors depart from the standard elaboration of ?magic pentagon.? Instead, they apply the variables used in the macroeconomic stabilisation pentagon analysis to develop competitiveness rankings of EU Member States. The con-ducted empirical study has confirmed that the 15th anniversary of EU member-ship had a decidedly positive impact on the level of economic development of the EU?13 countries.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Carousel Value-Added Tax Fraud in The European Carbon Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Berrittella ◽  
Filippo Alessandro Cimino
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe literature on the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) is by now very rich. Much is known about the efficiency, the effectiveness, and the environmental and distributional impacts of the EU ETS. Less, however, is known about the carousel value-added-tax (VAT) fraud phenomena in the European carbon market. This article evaluates the welfare effects of carousel VAT fraud in the EU ETS using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis. According to our findings, if VAT fraud occurs in the EU ETS, the effects on welfare for the EU Member States are negative, with welfare loss significantly higher than the VAT fraud value. This article also discusses the reverse charge mechanism that EU Member States could adopt to reduce the VAT fraud phenomena in the European carbon market.

Comparative assessment of structural indicators of Ukraine industry and the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(13)) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Structural Indicators ◽  
The Eu

A comparative analysis of the structural advantages of the industry of Ukraine and the EU member states in terms of the share of industry in: output of the economy, gross value added of the economy, exports of airborne vehicles, as well as the efficiency indicator (the share of airborne emissions in the industry). The place of Ukraine among EU member states is determined on the set of relative and absolute indicators of functioning of the industrial sector of the economy. A detailed comparative estimation of the structure of the airborne assets of the industry of Ukraine and Poland was conducted.

scholarly journals The Support of Agricultural Land Through the “Central European Initiative on Agricultural Land Protection”

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Lucia Palšová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe protection of the qualitative aspects of agricultural land is in the interests of both Slovakia and the European Union. Several policy documents have emerged in the European Union over the last few years, however, they have not been legally binding, as the EU Member States refuse all binding legal acts in this area. Therefore, solving the problem of agricultural land protection is left to the exclusive competence of the EU Member States. On the other hand, problems related to agricultural land cross the borders of states and that is why the Department of Law, Faculty of European Studies and Regional Development, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra submitted an international research project under the Erasmus + program, Key Action 3: Jean Monnet entitled “Central European Initiative on Agricultural Land Protection”. The aim is to strengthen the dialogue between key stakeholders in the protection of agricultural land in Central Europe what will have a positive impact on the achievement of the EU agri-environmental and food policy objectives.

scholarly journals Ukraine and the European Union Industry: Comparative Statistical Analysis of Structural Advantages

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
S. О. Ishchuk ◽  
L. Yo. Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Comparative Statistical Analysis ◽  
The Eu

The signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union (EU) raised the need to increase the competitiveness of domestic industry producers to the level of the EU member states. The choice of ways to improve the domestic industrial sector should be based on the results of relevant analytical assessments. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative statistical analysis of key structural indicators of the industry in Ukraine and EU member states by type of industrial activity. In order to achieve this goal, a methodological approach has been developed that allows for system evaluation of industry pattern and its internal and external efficiency. Using these tools, a comparative analysis of structural advantages of the industry in Ukraine and the EU member states is conducted by share of industry in output, gross value added and exports, and by efficiency measured by share of gross value added in industry output. Similar calculations are made for all types of industrial activities. The results of the analysis show that Ukraine, in spite of heavy industrial potential and significant natural and human resources, in the period of analysis (2012-2015) had only 19th position among the EU member states by industrial output and the 20th position by value added in industry The pattern of the Ukrainian industry is typical for countries with economy based on primary commodities. The key problem faced by the Ukrainian industry is its low efficiency: the 28th position by share of value added in output. The above confirms that the cost structure of industrial products is dominated by material and energy components. This signals the need for further restructuring of the industrial sector in Ukraine. Optimization of the domestic industry structure has to cover all industrial sectors and subsectors. A key optimization criterion has to be the socioeconomic efficiency enhancement, which can be achieved through increasing and restructuring the gross value added, with particular emphasis on the share of gross operating profit, mixed income.

scholarly journals A Summary Assessment of Innovativeness of The New Member States of The European Union

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Edyta Dworak ◽  
Maria Magdalena Grzelak
Keyword(s):  
Linear Ordering ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Summary Index ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
And Training ◽  
New Eu Member States

This paper attempts to assess the level of innovativeness of the economies of the ‘new’ EU member states1 in the years 2008–2015, with particular attention paid to the position of the Polish economy. This assessment was carried out on the basis of a summary index constructed with the use of statistical methods of linear ordering. The paper also presents conclusions from the analysis of the evolution of selected factors characterizing the innovativeness of the new EU member states. In the conducted analysis, statistical data from Eurostat were used to de­scribe the innovativeness of economies with respect to two areas: (a) science and technology; and (b) education and training. The developed ranking of innovativeness of the new EU Member States, built on the basis of a summary index, makes it possible to state that the countries with the highest level of innovativeness among 13 analyzed countries were Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Malta. Poland’s above‑average value of the summary index for these countries occupied sixth position in the ranking, which indicates a relatively low level of innovativeness of the Polish economy.

Political aspects of security of the European Union Member States

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kusztykiewicz-Fedurek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Political Security ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Eu

Political security is very often considered through the prism of individual states. In the scholar literature in-depth analyses of this kind of security are rarely encountered in the context of international entities that these countries integrate. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to key aspects of political security in the European Union (EU) Member States. The EU as a supranational organisation, gathering Member States first, ensures the stability of the EU as a whole, and secondly, it ensures that Member States respect common values and principles. Additionally, the EU institutions focus on ensuring the proper functioning of the Eurozone (also called officially “euro area” in EU regulations). Actions that may have a negative impact on the level of the EU’s political security include the boycott of establishing new institutions conducive to the peaceful coexistence and development of states. These threats seem to have a significant impact on the situation in the EU in the face of the proposed (and not accepted by Member States not belonging to the Eurogroup) Eurozone reforms concerning, inter alia, appointment of the Minister of Economy and Finance and the creation of a new institution - the European Monetary Fund.

scholarly journals Inequalities in the European Union—A Partial Order Analysis of the Main Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6278
Author(s):  
Lars Carlsen ◽  
Rainer Bruggemann
Keyword(s):  
Indicator System ◽  
Partial Ordering ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Educational Aspect ◽  
The Eu

The inequality within the 27 European member states has been studied. Six indicators proclaimed by Eurostat to be the main indicators charactere the countries: (i) the relative median at-risk-of-poverty gap, (ii) the income distribution, (iii) the income share of the bottom 40% of the population, (iv) the purchasing power adjusted GDP per capita, (v) the adjusted gross disposable income of households per capita and (vi) the asylum applications by state of procedure. The resulting multi-indicator system was analyzed applying partial ordering methodology, i.e., including all indicators simultaneously without any pretreatment. The degree of inequality was studied for the years 2010, 2015 and 2019. The EU member states were partially ordered and ranked. For all three years Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Austria, and Finland are found to be highly ranked, i.e., having rather low inequality. Bulgaria and Romania are, on the other hand, for all three years ranked low, with the highest degree of inequality. Excluding the asylum indicator, the risk-poverty-gap and the adjusted gross disposable income were found as the most important indicators. If, however, the asylum application is included, this indicator turns out as the most important for the mutual ranking of the countries. A set of additional indicators was studied disclosing the educational aspect as of major importance to achieve equality. Special partial ordering tools were applied to study the role of the single indicators, e.g., in relation to elucidate the incomparability of some countries to all other countries within the union.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sustainable Energy Development Progress in EU Member States in the Context of Building Renovation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4209
Author(s):  
Rita Remeikienė ◽  
Ligita Gasparėnienė ◽  
Aleksandra Fedajev ◽  
Marek Szarucki ◽  
Marija Đekić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

The main goal of setting energy efficiency priorities is to find ways to reduce energy consumption without harming consumers and the environment. The renovation of buildings can be considered one of the main aspects of energy efficiency in the European Union (EU). In the EU, only 5% of the renovation projects have been able to yield energy-saving at the deep renovation level. No other study has thus far ranked the EU member states according to achieved results in terms of increased usage in renewable sources, a decrease in energy usage and import, and reduction in harmful gas emissions due to energy usage. The main purpose of this article is to perform a comparative analysis of EU economies according to selected indicators related to the usage of renewable resources, energy efficiency, and emissions of harmful gasses as a result of energy usage. The methodological contribution of our study is related to developing a complex and robust research method for investment efficiency assessment allowing the study of three groups of indicators related to the usage of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, and ecological aspects of energy. It was based on the PROMETHEE II method and allows testing it in other time periods, as well as modifying it for research purposes. The EU member states were categorized by such criteria as energy from renewables and biofuels, final energy consumption from renewables and biofuels, gross electricity generation from renewables and biofuels and import dependency, and usage of renewables and biofuels for heating and cooling. The results of energy per unit of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions per million inhabitants (ECO2), energy per capita, the share of CO2 emissions from public electricity, and heat production from total CO2 emissions revealed that Latvia, Sweden, Portugal, Croatia, Austria, Lithuania, Romania, Denmark, and Finland are the nine most advanced countries in the area under consideration. In the group of the most advanced countries, energy consumption from renewables and biofuels is higher than the EU average.

scholarly journals Review of the Construction Labour Demand and Shortages in the EU

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Belinda Brucker Juricic ◽  
Mario Galic ◽  
Sasa Marenjak
Keyword(s):  
Free Movement ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Member States ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Free Movement Of Workers ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

This paper reviews the recent literature on skill and labour shortages in the labour market with special emphasis on the construction sector in the European Union Member States, foreseeing the Construction 4.0 era. The free movement of people is one of the rights of all citizens of the EU which also includes the free movement of workers. Labour shortages in the EU are expected to increase in the future due to a declining population and an ageing workforce. In order to recognize and forecast labour shortages, EU Member states use a variety of instruments but they do not answer as to whether it is possible to use migrant labour to appease those shortages. There are several systems used to classify labour shortages in the EU Member states. Most of the countries classify labour shortages in relation to different sectors or occupation groups as well as by skill levels, but in some Member States, classification is made according to the type of employment. Instruments used to measure labour shortages significantly differ from country to country. Several criteria are used for creating lists of shortage occupations and most of the criteria include demand side and supply side criteria. A majority of the Member States are facing labour and skill shortages in various sectors and the construction sector is not an exception. As total employment in the construction sector decreased, so did the share of employed migrants. Labour shortages in the construction sector can be eased by the availability of a labour supply willing to accept unqualified and low-paying jobs. The construction sector seeks low-, medium-, and high-skilled individuals and is most likely the sector where most of the incoming migrants will be working, which has an impact on the development and implementation dynamic of Construction 4.0.

Practice of the member states of the European Union in the field of anti-corruption regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmytro S. Melnyk ◽  
Oleg A. Parfylo ◽  
Oleksii V. Butenko ◽  
Olena V. Tykhonova ◽  
Volodymyr O. Zarosylo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Member States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
The Eu

Purpose The experience of most European Union (EU) Member States has demonstrated effective anti-corruption practices, making the EU one of the leaders in this field, which can be used as an example to learn from in the field of anti-corruption. The purpose of this study is to analyze and identify the main features of anti-corruption legislation and strategies to prevent corruption at the national and supranational levels of the EU. Design/methodology/approach The following methods were used in the work: discourse and content analysis, method of system analysis, method of induction and deduction, historical-legal method, formal-legal method, comparative-legal method and others. Using the historical and legal method, the evolution of the formation of anti-corruption regulation at the supranational level was revealed. The comparative law method helped to compare the practices of the Member States of the EU in the field of anti-corruption regulation. The formal-legal method is used for generalization, classification and systematization of research results, as well as for the correct presentation of these results. Findings The main results, prospects for further research and the value of the material. The paper offers a critical review of key EU legal instruments on corruption, from the first initiatives taken in the mid-1990s to recent years. Originality/value In addition, the article analyzes the relevant anti-corruption legislation in the EU member states that are in the top 10 countries with the lowest level of corruption, namely: Denmark, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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