scholarly journals ICA and ICS-based rankings of EU countries according to quality of mirror data on intra-Community trade in goods in the years 2014–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Markowicz ◽  
Paweł Baran
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Eu

Research background: As a system of official EU statistics, Intrastat contains data collected by Member States aggregated by Eurostat on the Union’s level in the form of COMEXT database. Country-level data are based on declarations made by businesses dispatching or acquiring goods from other EU Member States. Since the same transaction is declared twice — as an ICS in one country and at the same time as an ICA in another country by the partner — the database contains mirror data. Analysis of mirror data lets us assess the quality of public statistics data on international trade. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to rank EU Member States according to quality of data on intra-Community trade in goods collected by Intrastat. Foreign trade stimulates economic development on one hand and is the development’s reflection on the other. Thus it is very important that official statistics in this area be of good quality. Analysis of mirror data from partner states in intra-Community trade in goods allows us to claim that not every Member State pro-vides data of satisfactory quality level. Methods: We used the authors’ methodology of assessing quality of mirror data. These include data asymmetry indices, both proposed by Eurostat and the authors’ own proposals. We have also examined the changes in the above mentioned rankings over time. Findings & Value added: The result of the survey is ordering of EU Member States according to the quality of data on intra-Community trade in goods. The rankings are presented for the period of 2014–2017, during which there were 28 Member States of the EU. Changes in distinct countries’ positions were shown as a result of changes in overall quality of statistical data collected in these countries. The research methodology can be used in the process of monitoring data quality of the Intrastat system.

Quality of data on intra-EU trade in goods

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Iwona Markowicz ◽  
Paweł Baran
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Made In

Official statistics on trade in goods between EU member states are collect-ed on country-level and then aggregated by Eurostat. Methodology of data collecting differs slightly between member states(e.g. various statistical thresholds and coverage), including differences in exchange rates as well as undeclared or late-declared transac-tions, errors in classification of goods and other mistakes. It often involves incomparability of mirror data (nominally concerning the same transactions recorded in statistics of both dispatcher and receiver countries). A huge part of these differences can be explained with the variable quality of data resources in the Eurostat database. In the study data quality on intra-EU trade in goods for 2017 was compared between Poland and neigh-bouring EU countries, i.e.:Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania,and other Baltic states–Latvia and Estonia. The additional aim was to indicate the directions hav-ing the greatestinfluence on the observed differences in mirror data. The results of the study indicate that the declarations made in Estonia affect the poor quality of data on trade in goods between the countries mentioned above to the greatest extent.

scholarly journals Quality of INTRASTAT DATA. Comparison Between the ‘Old’ and the ‘New’ EU Member States

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (341) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Markowicz ◽  
Paweł Baran
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
States Data ◽  
New Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

The Intrastat system is used for gathering statistical data on trade in goods between the EU Member States. Data from all the Member States are aggregated by Eurostat. Specifics of the data collection process are different in different countries and that is why mirror data (regarding by default the same transactions revealed in statistics of both the acquirer and supplier country) often do not match. The goal of the analysis conducted was to assess the quality of data on intra‑Community trade in goods between the ‘old’ fifteen and the ‘new’ EU Member States as well as to point out these directions that influenced the observed differences in mirror data the most. The paper is a follow‑up of previous research on the quality of foreign trade data.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Carousel Value-Added Tax Fraud in The European Carbon Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Berrittella ◽  
Filippo Alessandro Cimino
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe literature on the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) is by now very rich. Much is known about the efficiency, the effectiveness, and the environmental and distributional impacts of the EU ETS. Less, however, is known about the carousel value-added-tax (VAT) fraud phenomena in the European carbon market. This article evaluates the welfare effects of carousel VAT fraud in the EU ETS using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis. According to our findings, if VAT fraud occurs in the EU ETS, the effects on welfare for the EU Member States are negative, with welfare loss significantly higher than the VAT fraud value. This article also discusses the reverse charge mechanism that EU Member States could adopt to reduce the VAT fraud phenomena in the European carbon market.

scholarly journals European myriad of approaches to parasitic commercial practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka MacGregor Pelikánová
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Member States ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Unfair Commercial Practices Directive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Research background: The Post-Lisbon EU aims at smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth on the single internal market, as indicated by the Europe 2020. The interplay of the competition and consumer protection on such a market is subject to harmonization. The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive has been made in order to achieve a full harmonization in this respect in 2007. However, EU member states share different social, political, legal and economic traditions and their approaches to unfair competition, in particular if committed via parasitic commercial practices, are dramatically diverse. In such a context, is it feasible, effective and efficient to install a full harmonization?Purpose of the article: The primary purpose of this article is to describe and assess ap-proaches to unfair competition, in particular if committed via parasitic commercial practices, by the EU law and EU member states law. The secondary purpose is to study and evaluate possibilities for the feasible, effective and efficient harmonization, or their lack. Methods: The cross-disciplinary and multi-jurisdictional nature of this article, and its dual purposes, implies the use of Meta-Analysis, of the critical comparison of laws and the impact of their application, to the holistic perception of historical and national contexts, and to case studies. The primary and secondary sources are explored and the yield knowledge and data are confronted with the status quo. The dominating qualitative research and data are complemented by the quantitative research and data.Findings & Value added: The EU opted for an ambitious challenge to install via the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive a full harmonization of the regime against unfair commercial practices, including parasitic ones. The exploration pursuant to the duo of purposes suggests that the challenge is perhaps too ambitious and that the EU underestimated the dramatic diversity of approaches to unfair commercial practices, especially parasitic ones.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic stability and the level of competitiveness in EU member states: a comparative dynamic approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-688
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Roszko-Wójtowicz ◽  
Maria M. Grzelak
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Competitiveness Index ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Diagnostic Variables

Research background: The choice of the issue of international competitive-ness of economies as the research problem addressed in this paper has been mainly dictated by the changes observed in the nature of the development of EU economies and the need to assess the competitiveness of the Polish economy. It is time to evaluate and learn from the largest enlargement in the history of the EU which took place in May 2004. An assessment of changes in the state of EU economies, including the Polish economy, is in the centre of research interest of many scientists. National competitiveness is the subject of a great deal of research and economic studies. Integration and globalisation processes in the world economy are the main reasons for the popularity of this topic. The efficient use of sources and factors determining the competitiveness of economies, sectors and enterprises is associated with prosperity over the long term. One of the methods based on the observation of selected basic indicators of economic competitiveness is the method of analysis called the macroeconomic stabilisation pentagon. The method illustrates the extent to which the government achieves five macroeconomic objectives. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to meet all these objectives at the same time. The difficulty of meeting all these goals concurrently is due to the fact that they are more or less competitive rather than complementary. The proposed assessment of competitiveness based on the developed model of macroeconomic stabilisation pentagon is a unique approach in terms of discussion of country?s competitiveness. This approach significantly distinguishes the current study in comparison with standard international reports on competitiveness such as the Global Competitiveness Index or the EU Regional Competitiveness Index. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to assess the competitiveness of EU economies in the years 2005?2018, based on a selected set of diagnostic variables referring to the concept of macroeconomic stabilisation pentagon. The paper also formulates a detailed list of four research hypotheses. Methods: In order to characterise the competitiveness of the European Union economies, including the EU?15 and EU?13 groups, as well as the Visegrad group, six diagnostic variables affecting the economic situation of individual EU countries were analysed. The variables for analysis were chosen so as to reliably describe the competitive position of a given country, at the same time referring in a substantive sense to the concept of macroeconomic stabilisation pentagon. The linear ordering of objects was made using the reference Hellwig method. The selected method enabled the development of competitiveness rankings of EU Member States in the years 2005, 2009, and 2018. Findings & Value added: The comparative analysis of the main macroeconomic indicators conducted in the paper forms the basis for assessing the cur-rent state of the EU economy in relation to other countries. In the paper, the authors depart from the standard elaboration of ?magic pentagon.? Instead, they apply the variables used in the macroeconomic stabilisation pentagon analysis to develop competitiveness rankings of EU Member States. The con-ducted empirical study has confirmed that the 15th anniversary of EU member-ship had a decidedly positive impact on the level of economic development of the EU?13 countries.

Food fears will add to insecurities in eastern EU

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Member States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
East West ◽  
The Eu

Subject Alleged discrepancies between the quality of foods on sale in the western and eastern EU. Significance Governments in eastern EU member states are recycling long-heard rumours that multinational food brands sold there are of poorer quality than in western states. Tests by some national authorities appear to confirm these fears. Such practices would not be illegal, but they exacerbate broader worries about second-class citizenship in Central-Eastern Europe (CEE), compounded by uncertainty over the direction the EU will take in coming months. Impacts The east-west divide will deepen as a new front is opened ahead of a likely EU reform push later this year. CEE’s political significance will receive a momentary boost as countries show a united front on one of only a handful of issues. A reaction against multinationals from within the EU could make protectionism more respectable elsewhere in the world.

Quality of data on trade in goods between European Union member states

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Iwona Markowicz ◽  
Paweł Baran
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Discrepancy Measures ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Assess Quality ◽  
Data Discrepancy ◽  
European Union Member States

The objective of presented analysis is to assess quality of data on foreign trade within the Union. Data from Eurostat’s COMEXT database was used. The differences between declared export quantities of foods from a given country and data on imports from this country to other member states gathered by Eurostat have been analyzed. These differences partly result from the adopted statistical thresholds and reflect the quality of the collected data. The authors have compared EU member states based on convergence of data on dispatches and arrivals of goods from each country. Using data discrepancy measures member states were ranked with regard to statistical data quality, which is an innovation in foreign trade research.

scholarly journals The societal quality of Southern European Mediterranean countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-69
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bericat ◽  
Rubén Martín-Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Panoramic View ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Structural Diagnosis

On the basis of extensive empirical data that the 72 focused composite indicators, making up the System of Indices on the Quality of European Societies (SIQES), provide on the 28 EU Member States, this paper analyses the societal quality of the Southern European Mediterranean countries, namely, Spain, Italy, Portugal and Greece, from a holistic, multidimensional and comparative perspective. First and foremost, it indicates the position of these Mediterranean countries in the European societal quality rankings. Secondly, after confirming that, in accordance with the Five Europes Typology, the Mediterranean countries form a distinctive cluster, it includes an analysis of their social characteristics, comparing them with those of the other four clusters. Thirdly, on the basis of the 14 societal quality domains included in the system, it offers a diagnosis by contrasting the societal quality of the Southern European Mediterranean countries with that of the rest of the EU Member States. This structural diagnosis, endogenous as well exogenous, offers a panoramic view of great importance to both social researchers and policymakers.

scholarly journals A Note on the Current State of Legislative Plant Pest Protection in EU Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Martin Illáš
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Current State ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe current developments in the European legislative protection against the introduction of plant pests is problematic in terms of its quality and in relation of the EU law to the law of EU Member States. The quality of this legislation is significant by non-uniform wording used in Directive 2019/523 and in Council Directive 2000/29/EC, especially in geographical indications, names of taxonomic units of organisms and listing of requirements, conditions, states, plants, plant products and organisms. Another problematic phenomenon of the uncertainty of the EU Member states caused by very slow European law-making process regarding to adoption of implementing regulations, which needed to enter into force on December 14th 2019 based on Regulation 2016/2031 repealing the present legislation in plant pest protection covered by seven older directives. Despite of this fact, the EU amended simultaneously this older legislation only a very short time before the date of repealing.

Comparative assessment of structural indicators of Ukraine industry and the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(13)) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Structural Indicators ◽  
The Eu

A comparative analysis of the structural advantages of the industry of Ukraine and the EU member states in terms of the share of industry in: output of the economy, gross value added of the economy, exports of airborne vehicles, as well as the efficiency indicator (the share of airborne emissions in the industry). The place of Ukraine among EU member states is determined on the set of relative and absolute indicators of functioning of the industrial sector of the economy. A detailed comparative estimation of the structure of the airborne assets of the industry of Ukraine and Poland was conducted.

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