Seasonal movement of marine-derived nutrients in riverine surface bed sediment and the floodplain hyporheic zone

Distribution and species composition of macroinvertebrates in the hyporheic zone of bed sediment

International Journal of Sediment Research ◽

10.1016/s1001-6279(12)60022-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 129-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Meng-zhen XU ◽

Zhao-yin WANG ◽

Bao-zhu PAN ◽

Na ZHAO

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Hyporheic Zone ◽

Bed Sediment

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Modeling the influence of salmon spawning on hyporheic exchange of marine-derived nutrients in gravel stream beds

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2014-0413 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (8) ◽

pp. 1146-1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Todd H. Buxton ◽

John M. Buffington ◽

Daniele Tonina ◽

Alexander K. Fremier ◽

Elowyn M. Yager

Keyword(s):

Residence Time ◽

Hyporheic Zone ◽

Hyporheic Exchange ◽

Volume Flux ◽

Hydraulic Residence Time ◽

Bed Porosity ◽

Stream Beds ◽

The Mean ◽

Stream Bed ◽

Marine Derived Nutrients

Salmon that spawn in streams deliver marine-derived nutrients (MDN) that catalyze trophic productivity and support rearing juvenile salmon. Salmon spawning also affects hyporheic exchange and movement of dissolved MDN through the stream bed by creating redd topography that induces pumping exchange and by winnowing fine sediment and loosening the bed, which alters hydraulic conductivity and bed porosity. The spatial extent of spawning within the channel likely governs the volume and rate of dissolved MDN exchanged with the stream bed through this process. To explore this issue, we used a two-dimensional groundwater model to predict changes in hyporheic volume, flux, and mean hydraulic residence time of dissolved MDN as a function of the proportion of the bed surface occupied by redds (P). Predictions indicate that hyporheic volume and flux systematically increase with P, while the mean hydraulic residence time of dissolved MDN in the hyporheic zone decreases sharply with P, from 5.79 h on an unspawned bed (P = 0) to 0.03 h for a mass-spawned bed (P = 1.0). Shorter residence time results from hyporheic flux increasing faster than hyporheic volume with higher P. Implications for uptake of dissolved MDN are explored with Damköhler numbers, defined as the ratio of the mean hydraulic residence time to a biogeochemical rate of interest. Given the considerable influence of spawning on hyporheic exchange, additional research is needed to determine conditions under which bioassimilation of dissolved MDN is limited by nutrient supply, extent of the hyporheic zone, or processing rate of MDN in stream beds.

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The effect of streamflow, ambient groundwater, and sediment anisotropy on hyporheic zone characteristics in alternate bars

Water Resources Research ◽

10.1029/2019wr025069 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

A Monofy ◽

F Boano

Keyword(s):

Hyporheic Zone ◽

Alternate Bars ◽

Ambient Groundwater

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Seasonal diving and foraging behaviour of Eastern Canada-West Greenland bowhead whales

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 643 ◽

pp. 197-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

SME Fortune ◽

SH Ferguson ◽

AW Trites ◽

B LeBlanc ◽

V LeMay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Late Summer ◽

Calanoid Copepods ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

West Greenland ◽

Bowhead Whales ◽

Seasonal Movement ◽

Dive Behaviour ◽

Calanus Glacialis ◽

Canada West

Climate change may affect the foraging success of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus by altering the diversity and abundance of zooplankton species available as food. However, assessing climate-induced impacts first requires documenting feeding conditions under current environmental conditions. We collected seasonal movement and dive-behaviour data from 25 Eastern Canada-West Greenland bowheads instrumented with time-depth telemetry tags and used state-space models to examine whale movements and dive behaviours. Zooplankton samples were also collected in Cumberland Sound (CS) to determine species composition and biomass. We found that CS was used seasonally by 14 of the 25 tagged whales. Area-restricted movement was the dominant behaviour in CS, suggesting that the tagged whales allocated considerable time to feeding. Prey sampling data suggested that bowheads were exploiting energy-rich Arctic copepods such as Calanus glacialis and C. hyperboreus during summer. Dive behaviour changed seasonally in CS. Most notably, probable feeding dives were substantially shallower during spring and summer compared to fall and winter. These seasonal changes in dive depths likely reflect changes in the vertical distribution of calanoid copepods, which are known to suspend development and overwinter at depth during fall and winter when availability of their phytoplankton prey is presumed to be lower. Overall, CS appears to be an important year-round foraging habitat for bowheads, but is particularly important during the late summer and fall. Whether CS will remain a reliable feeding area for bowhead whales under climate change is not yet known.

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