Impact Analysis of Transmission Range on AODV, DYMO and ZRP Routing Protocol on QoS Issues in WiMax

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur Jain ◽  
Aayushi Priya
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mobile Wimax ◽  
Transmission Range ◽  
High Data ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
End To End ◽  
Wimax Network

WIMAX (World Wide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is used to provide a wireless solution in the metropolitan area networks. WIMAX network is capable of wide range coverage, high data rates, secured transmission and mobility supported at vehicular speed. Mobile WIMAX is one of the best concepts for system designed in fixed wireless access to provide good performance and cost effective solution. In this paper, performance of the WIMAX network is analyzed in terms of throughput, end to end delay, and jitter. Simulation is carried out using QUALNET simulator. In this paper AODV, DYMO and ZRP routing protocols are applied to the created mobility scenario with variable transmission range. AODV and DYMO shows low jitter and low end to end delay. It is concluded that AODV and DYMO gives optimized result below 40dbm transmission range with respect to throughput and ZRP shows high throughput above 40dbm transmission range.

scholarly journals QoS Management and Control for an All-IP WiMAX Network Architecture: Design, Implementation and Evaluation

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-271
Author(s):  
Thomas Michael Bohnert ◽  
Marco Castrucci ◽  
Nicola Ciulli ◽  
Giada Landi ◽  
Ilaria Marchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Wireless Access ◽  
Broadband Wireless Access ◽  
Broadband Wireless ◽  
High Data ◽  
Functional Specification ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
End To End ◽  
Wimax Network

The IEEE 802.16 standard provides a specification for a fixed and mobile broadband wireless access system, offering high data rate transmission of multimedia services with different Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements through the air interface. The WiMAX Forum, going beyond the air interface, defined an end-to-end WiMAX network architecture, based on an all-IP platform in order to complete the standards required for a commercial rollout of WiMAX as broadband wireless access solution. As the WiMAX network architecture is only a functional specification, this paper focuses on an innovative solution for an end-to-end WiMAX network architecture offering in compliance with the WiMAX Forum specification. To our best knowledge, this is the first WiMAX architecture built by a research consortium globally and was performed within the framework of the European IST project WEIRD (WiMAX Extension to Isolated Research Data networks). One of the principal features of our architecture is support for end-to-end QoS achieved by the integration of resource control in the WiMAX wireless link and the resource management in the wired domains in the network core. In this paper we present the architectural design of these QoS features in the overall WiMAX all-IP framework and their functional as well as performance evaluation. The presented results can safely be considered as unique and timely for any WiMAX system integrator.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Transmission Range on the Performance of VANET

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram A. Almohammedi ◽  
Nor K. Noordin ◽  
Sabri Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Transmission Range ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
The Impact

Recently, interest in the field of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) has grown among research community to improve traffic safety and efficiency on the roads. Despite the many advantages, the transmission range in vehicular network remains one of the major challenges due to the unique characteristics of VANETs such as various communication environments, highly dynamic topology, high node mobility and traffic density. The network would suffer from a broadcast-storm in high vehicular density when a fixed transmission range in VANET is used, while in sparse vehicular density the network could be disconnected frequently. In this paper, we evaluated the impact of different transmission ranges and number of flows formed between vehicles in a highway scenario using AODV as routing protocol. In order to validate the simulation of VANET, traffic and network simulators (SUMO & NS-2) have been used. The performance was evaluated in terms of packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay. The simulation results have shown that better performance was achieved in term of higher PDR and lower end-to-end delay for less than 500 meters transmission range. On the contrary, the PDR started to decrease and end-to-end delay increased when the transmission range exceeded 500 meters. The performance degraded as the number of flows increased.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation for vehicular ad-hoc networks based routing protocols

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1080-1091
Author(s):  
Hussain Falih Mahdi ◽  
Mohammed Salah Abood ◽  
Mustafa Maad Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Wireless Router ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Aodv Protocol ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
End To End ◽  
Hoc Networks

VANET is a branch of MANETS, where each vehicle is a node, and a wireless router will run. The vehicles are similar to each other will interact with a wide range of nodes or vehicles and establish a network. VANETs provide us with the infrastructure to build new solutions for improving safety and comfort for drivers and passengers. There are several routing protocols proposed and evaluated for improving VANET's performance. The simulator is preferred over external experience because it is easy, simple, and inexpensive. In this paper, we choose AODV protocol, DSDV protocol, and DSR protocol with five different nodes density. For each protocol, as regards specific parameters like (throughput, packet delivery ratio, and end- to- end delay). On simulators that allow users to build real-time navigation models of simulations using VANET. Tools (SUMO, MOVE, and NS-2) were used for this paper, then graphs were plotted for evaluation using Trace-graph. The results showed the DSR is much higher than AODV and DSDV, In terms of throughput. While DSDV is the best choice because of the low average end to end delay. From the above, we conclude that each strategy has its own negative and positive aspects that make it ideally suited to a particular scenario than other scenarios.

End-to-End (E2E) Security Approach in WiMAX

2008 ◽  
pp. 747-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasan Adibi ◽  
Gordon B. Agnew ◽  
Tom Tofigh
Keyword(s):  
Data Rate ◽  
Multimedia Applications ◽  
High Data Rate ◽  
Mobile Wimax ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Client Server ◽  
High Data ◽  
Tunneling Mechanism ◽  
End To End ◽  
Strong Candidate

An overview of the technical and business aspects is given for the corporate deployment of services over worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX). WiMAX is considered to be a strong candidate for the next generation of broadband wireless access; therefore its security is critical. This chapter provides an overview of the inherent and complementary benefits of broadband deployment over a long haul wireless pipe, such as WiMAX. In addition, we explore end-to-end (E2E) security structures necessary to launch secure business and consumer class services. The main focus of this chapter is to look for a best security practice to achieve E2E security in both vertical and horizontal markets. The E2E security practices will ensure complete coverage of the entire link from the client (user) to the server. This is also applicable to wireless virtual private network (VPN) applications where the tunneling mechanism between the client and the server ensures complete privacy and security for all users. The same idea for E2E security is applied to client-server-based multimedia applications, such as in Internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) and voice over IP (VoIP) where secure client/server communication is required. In general, we believe that WiMAX provides the opportunity for a new class of high data rate symmetric services. Such services will require E2E security schemes to ensure risk-free high data-rate uploads and downloads of multimedia applications. WiMAX provides the capability for embedded security functions through the 802.16 security architecture standards. IEEE 802.16 is further subcategorized as 802.16d (fixed-WiMAX) and 802.16e (mobile-WiMAX). Due to the mobility and roaming capabilities in 802.16e and the fact that the medium of signal transmission is accessible to everyone, there are a few extra security considerations applied to 802.16e. These extra features include: privacy key management version 2 (PKMv2), PKM-extensible authentication protocol (EAP) authentication method, advanced encryption standard (AES) encryption wrapping, and so forth. The common security features of 802.16d and 802.16e are discussed in this chapter, as well as the highlights of the security comparisons between other broadband access, third-generation (3G) technologies, and WiMAX.

scholarly journals Void Hole Avoidance for Reliable Data Delivery in IoT Enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshad Sher ◽  
Aasma Khan ◽  
Nadeem Javaid ◽  
Syed Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Aalsalem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Transmission Range ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

Due to the limited availability of battery power of the acoustic node, an efficient utilization is desired. Additionally, the aquatic environment is harsh; therefore, the battery cannot be replaced, which leaves the network prone to sudden failures. Thus, an efficient node battery dissipation is required to prolong the network lifespan and optimize the available resources. In this paper, we propose four schemes: Adaptive transmission range in WDFAD-Depth-Based Routing (DBR) (A-DBR), Cluster-based WDFAD-DBR (C-DBR), Backward transmission-based WDFAD-DBR (B-DBR) and Collision Avoidance-based WDFAD-DBR (CA-DBR) for Internet of Things-enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (IoT, UWSNs). A-DBR adaptively adjusts its transmission range to avoid the void node for forwarding data packets at the sink, while C-DBR minimizes end-to-end delay along with energy consumption by making small clusters of nodes gather data. In continuous transmission range adjustment, energy consumption increases exponentially; thus, in B-DBR, a fall back recovery mechanism is used to find an alternative route to deliver the data packet at the destination node with minimal energy dissipation; whereas, CA-DBR uses a fall back mechanism along with the selection of the potential node that has the minimum number of neighbors to minimize collision on the acoustic channel. Simulation results show that our schemes outperform the baseline solution in terms of average packet delivery ratio, energy tax, end-to-end delay and accumulated propagation distance.

Network Options for Wide-Area Telesurgery

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Smithwick
Keyword(s):  
Error Rates ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Atm Networks ◽  
Transfer Data ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Error ◽  
End To End ◽  
Near Future

Telesurgery requires a network with the following characteristics: reliability; acceptable end-to-end delay; the ability to transfer data from sources with widely different data rates; low data error rates. A wide range of network options is currently available and even more will be available shortly. It is concluded that for telesurgery ISDN is the best option at present. In the near future, as they become available commercially, ATM networks are likely to be preferable.

scholarly journals Analisis Unjuk Kerja Horizontal Handover Mobile Wimax Mendukung Layanan Mobile TV

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Ammatia Risty ◽  
Rendy Munadi ◽  
Ridha Muldina Negara
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Video Conferencing ◽  
Mobile Wimax ◽  
Ieee 802.16E ◽  
Mobile Tv ◽  
Handover Delay ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Horizontal Handover

IEEE 802.16e-2005 teknologi mobile WiMAX merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat memberikan datarate 15 Mbps yang lebih baik daripada teknologi 3G, WLAN, dan lain-lain. Mobile WiMAX juga memberikan cakupan area yang luas. Oleh karena itu, WiMAX mampu memberikan layanan berbagai macam aplikasi multimedia seperti VoIP, IPTV, Video conferencing. dan aplikasi real-time lainnya. Selain itu, Mobile WiMAX juga mendukung mobility secara portable, mobile, dan nomadic. Saat ini IPTV muncul pada mobile phone, yang dinamakan mobile TV dimana layanan IPTV akan dapat diakses dalam keadaan bergerak. Hal itu membutuhkan suatu teknologi yang mendukung mobility namun tetap dapat menerima layanan IPTV dengan baik. Teknologi mobile WiMAX adalah teknologi yang cocok untuk mendukung layanan IPTV khususnya untuk user yang sedang bergerak. Akibat dari user yang bergerak maka memungkinkan user tersebut melakukan handover. Penelitian ini menganalisis parameter unjuk kerja yang mempengaruhi pada mobile TV saat user melakukan  handover  pada jaringan mobile WiMAX seperti jitter, end to end delay, throughput, handover delay dengan skenario perbedaan kecepatan dan perubahan jumlah user dalam satu cakupan area. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi untuk skenario perbedaan kecepatan (maksimum 100 km/jam) diperoleh nilai end to end delay sebesar 23.234 ms, jitter sebesar 0.047 ms, throughput sebesar 637.723 Kbps. Sedangkan skenario jumlah user diperoleh nilai end to end delay 27.218 ms, jitter sebesar 0.057 ms, throughput sebesar 558.881 Kbps. Hasil dari kedua skenario menunjukkan bahwa saat kecepatan dan jumlah user naik maka parameter kualitas layanan turun namun masih memenuhi syarat kualitas layanan Mobile TV (IPTV).

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Transmission Range on the Performance of VANET

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Akram A. Almohammedi ◽  
Nor K. Noordin ◽  
Sabri Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Transmission Range ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
The Impact

Recently, interest in the field of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) has grown among research community to improve traffic safety and efficiency on the roads. Despite the many advantages, the transmission range in vehicular network remains one of the major challenges due to the unique characteristics of VANETs such as various communication environments, highly dynamic topology, high node mobility and traffic density. The network would suffer from a broadcast-storm in high vehicular density when a fixed transmission range in VANET is used, while in sparse vehicular density the network could be disconnected frequently. In this paper, we evaluated the impact of different transmission ranges and number of flows formed between vehicles in a highway scenario using AODV as routing protocol. In order to validate the simulation of VANET, traffic and network simulators (SUMO & NS-2) have been used. The performance was evaluated in terms of packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay. The simulation results have shown that better performance was achieved in term of higher PDR and lower end-to-end delay for less than 500 meters transmission range. On the contrary, the PDR started to decrease and end-to-end delay increased when the transmission range exceeded 500 meters. The performance degraded as the number of flows increased.

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

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