scholarly journals Effect of Warmed Whirlpool on Symptoms of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Jen Hao LIU ◽  
Johnson HWANG ◽  
Jung Charng LIN
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Main Effects

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Exercise-induced muscle damage, also called DOMS, is soft tissue injury after strenuous exercise. There are many ways of treatments on DOMS. Hydrotherapy is one of the effective treatments for DOMS. The mechanism of hydrotherapy on DOMS is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to assess the effects of warmed whirlpool immersion on the symptoms of DOMS following strenuous eccentric exercise. After performing a bout of damage-inducing eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors on a Biodex, 22 females were randomly assignment into a control group, CG (n=11) and hydrotherapy group, HG (n=11). HG immersed their exercised arm in warmed water (41 °c) for 10 min immediately after eccentric exercise and then every 12 h for 15 min, seven sessions. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), relaxed elbow angle (REA), muscle soreness index (MSI) and swelling were measured immediately before eccentric exercise and 3 day afterward, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed significant (p < .05) main effects on time for all variables, with increases in MSI, CK, upper arm circumference (URC) and decreases in REA. There were significant interactions (p < 0.01) between group and time for REA and CK. REA was greater and CK was lower for the HG than the CG on day 2 and day 3 following the eccentric exercise. We concluded that heated whirlpool immersion might reduce muscle stiffness, CK and increase REA.運動引起的肌肉損傷，也稱為運動後延遲性的肌肉酸痛，簡稱為DOMS，為一種劇烈運動後的軟組織損傷。處理DOMS的方法很多：但熱水療的方法卻是處理DOMS非常有效的方法。熱水療對DOMS的效果並不清楚。因此，本文主要在探討熱水療對運動後產生肌肉酸痛的影響，受試者經實施屈肘離心運動後，22位受試者隨機抽樣分配成熱療組及控制組。熱水療組於離心屈肘運動後，將運動肘浸泡在水溫維持在41°c的熱水中10分鐘後，分別於運動前、運動後立即、運動後24小時、運動後48小時、運動後72小時， 分別測量肘關節活動範圍、血漿肌酸激有活性、腫脹及肌肉酸痛指數。經分析發現在運動後各期間的DOMS、血漿肌酸激有活性及 腫脹隨時間增加而增加；肘關節活動範圍及血漿肌酸激有活性在組別及時間上有交互作用，且其交互作用是運動後的48小時及72小時熱水療組肘關節活動範圍較大，而血漿肌酸激有活性較低，顯示熱水療於離心性運動後關節活動範圍增加、減少肌酸激有活性與降低肌肉酸痛指數。

Continuous Compression as an Effective Therapeutic Intervention in Treating Eccentric-Exercise-Induced Muscle Soreness

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Jill A. Bush ◽  
Robbin B. Wickham ◽  
Craig R. Denegar ◽  
Ana L. Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Exercise Induced

Context:Prior investigations using ice, massage, or exercise have not shown efficacy in relieving delayed-onset muscle soreness.Objectives:To determine whether a compression sleeve worn immediately after maximal eccentric exercise enhances recovery.Design:Randomized, controlled clinical study.Setting:University sports medicine laboratory.Participants:Fifteen healthy, non-strength-trained men, matched for physical criteria, randomly placed in a control group or a continuous compression-sleeve group (CS).Methods and Measures:Subjects performed 2 sets of 50 arm curls. 1RM elbow flexion at 60°/s, upper-arm circumference, resting-elbow angle, serum creatine kinase (CK), and perception-of-soreness data were collected before exercise and for 3 days.Results:CK was significantly (P< .05) elevated from the baseline value in both groups, although the elevation in the CS group was less. CS prevented loss of elbow extension, decreased subjects’ perception of soreness, reduced swelling, and promoted recovery of force production.Conclusions:Compression is important in soft-tissue-injury management.

Etiology of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla M. Clarkson ◽  
Stephen P. Sayers
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Shock Proteins

Muscle damage is caused by strenuous and unaccustomed exercise, especially exercise involving eccentric muscle contractions, where muscles lengthen as they exert force. Damage can be observed both directly at the cellular level and indirectly from changes in various indices of muscle function. Several mechanisms have been offered to explain the etiology of the damage/repair process, including mechanical factors such as tension and strain, disturbances in calcium homeostasis. the inflammatory response, and the synthesis of stress proteins (heat shock proteins). Changes in muscle function following eccentric exercise have been observed at the cellular level as an impairment in the amount and action of transport proteins for glucose and lactate/H+, and at the systems level as an increase in muscle stiffness and a prolonged loss in the muscle's ability to generate force. This paper will briefly review factors involved in the damage/repair process and alterations in muscle function following eccentric exercise. Key words: eccentric exercise, inflammation, stress proteins, muscle function

The cytokine response to strenuous exercise

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Klarlund Pedersen ◽  
Kenneth Ostrowski ◽  
Thomas Rohde ◽  
Helle Bruunsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Sequential Release ◽  
Systemic Endotoxemia ◽  
Exercise Induced

Strenuous exercise is accompanied by an increase in circulating proinflammatory and inflammation responsive cytokines, having some similarities with the response to sepsis and trauma. The sequential release of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)1beta, IL-6, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in the blood is comparable to that observed in relation to bacterial diseases. Eccentric exercise is associated with an increase in serum IL-6 concentrations and is significantly correlated with the concentration of creatine kinase (CK) in the following days, whereas no changes are found after the concentric exercise; this demonstrates a close association between exercise-induced muscle damage and increased serum levels of IL-6. The time course of cytokine production, the close association with muscle damage, and the finding of mRNA-IL-6 in skeletal muscle biopsies after intense exercise all support the idea that during eccentric exercise myofibers are mechanically damaged and that this process stimulates the local production of inflammatory cytokines. It remains to be shown whether systemic endotoxemia during exercise is also a cause of elevated levels of cytokines in the plasma. The present review also discusses the possible roles of protein breakdown, delayed onset muscle soreness, and clinical implications of the acute-phase response following exercise.Key words: exercise, sport, trauma, sepsis, cytokines, interleukin, muscle.

Effect of Whole-Body Periodic Acceleration on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage after Eccentric Exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Serravite ◽  
Arlette Perry ◽  
Kevin A. Jacobs ◽  
Jose A. Adams ◽  
Kysha Harriell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodic Acceleration ◽  
Exercise Induced

Purpose:To examine the effects of whole-body periodic acceleration (pGz) on exercise-induced-muscle-damage (EIMD) -related symptoms induced by unaccustomed eccentric arm exercise.Methods:Seventeen active young men (23.4 ± 4.6 y) made 6 visits to the research facility over a 2-wk period. On day 1, subjects performed a 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) elbowflexion test and were randomly assigned to the pGz (n = 8) or control group (n = 9). Criterion measurements were taken on day 2, before and immediately after performance of the eccentric-exercise protocol (10 sets, 10 repetitions using 120% 1RM) and after the recovery period. During subsequent sessions (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) these data were collected before pGz or passive recovery. Measurements included isometric strength (maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]), blood markers (creatine kinase, myoglobin, IL-6, TNF-α, TBARS, PGF2α, protein carbonyls, uric acid, and nitrites), soreness, pain, circumference, and range of motion (ROM).Results:Significantly higher MVC values were seen for pGz throughout the recovery period. Within-group differences were seen in myoglobin, IL-6, IL-10, protein carbonyls, soreness, pain, circumference, and ROM showing small negative responses and rapid recovery for the pGz condition.Conclusion:Our results demonstrate that pGz can be an effective tool for the reduction of EIMD and may contribute to the training-adaptation cycle by speeding up the recovery of the body due to its performance-loss-lessening effect.

scholarly journals Two maximal isometric contractions attenuate the magnitude of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Lian Chen ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Alan J. Pearce ◽  
Trevor C. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Eccentric Contractions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study investigated whether maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC-ISO) would attenuate the magnitude of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Young untrained men were placed into one of the two experimental groups or one control group (n = 13 per group). Subjects in the experimental groups performed either two or 10 MVC-ISO of the elbow flexors at a long muscle length (20° flexion) 2 days prior to 30 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors. Subjects in the control group performed the eccentric contractions without MVC-ISO. No significant changes in maximal voluntary concentric contraction peak torque, peak torque angle, range of motion, upper arm circumference, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity and myoglobin concentration, muscle soreness, and ultrasound echo intensity were evident after MVC-ISO. Changes in the variables following eccentric contractions were smaller (P < 0.05) for the 2 MVC-ISO group (e.g., peak torque loss at 5 days after exercise, 23% ± 3%; peak CK activity, 1964 ± 452 IU·L–1; peak muscle soreness, 46 ± 4 mm) or the 10 MVC-ISO group (13% ± 3%, 877 ± 198 IU·L–1, 30 ± 4 mm) compared with the control (34% ± 4%, 6192 ± 1747 IU·L–1, 66 ± 5 mm). The 10 MVC-ISO group showed smaller (P < 0.05) changes in all variables following eccentric contractions compared with the 2 MVC-ISO group. Therefore, two MVC-ISO conferred potent protective effects against muscle damage, whereas greater protective effect was induced by 10 MVC-ISO, which can be used as a strategy to minimize muscle damage.

CCL2 and CCR2 polymorphisms are associated with markers of exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1651-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica J. Hubal ◽  
Joseph M. Devaney ◽  
Eric P. Hoffman ◽  
Edward J. Zambraski ◽  
Heather Gordish-Dressman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Strength Recovery ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Exercise Induced

Novel eccentric (lengthening contraction) exercise typically results in muscle damage, which manifests as prolonged muscle dysfunction, delayed onset muscle soreness, and leakage of muscle proteins into circulation. There is a large degree of variability in the damage response of individuals to eccentric exercise, with higher responders at risk for potentially fatal rhabdomyolysis. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in chemokine ligand 2 ( CCL2) and its receptor chemokine receptor 2 ( CCR2) associate with the high degrees of variability in the muscle damage response. We based this hypothesis on CCL2's roles in macrophage and satellite cell signaling in injured muscle. DNA was obtained from 157 untrained men and women following maximal eccentric exercise. Strength loss, soreness, serum creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin levels before and during recovery from a single exercise bout were tested for association with 16 SNPs in CCL2 and CCR2. The rare alleles for rs768539 and rs3918358 (CCR2) were significantly ( P < 0.05) associated with lower preexercise strength in men, whereas CCL2 SNPs (rs13900, rs1024611, and rs1860189) and CCR2 (rs1799865) were associated with altered preexercise CK levels in women. During recovery, the rs3917878 genotype ( CCL2) was associated with attenuated strength recovery in men and an elevated CK response in women. CCR2 variants were associated with slower strength recovery in women (rs3918358) and elevated soreness (rs1799865) across all subjects. In summary, we found that SNPs in CCL2 and CCR2 are associated with exercise-induced muscle damage and that the presence of certain variants may result in an exaggerated damage response to strenuous exercise.

scholarly journals Preconditioning by light-load eccentric exercise is equally effective as low-level laser therapy in attenuating exercise-induced muscle damage in collegiate men

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 10 ◽  
pp. 2213-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Nausheen ◽  
Jamal Ali Moiz ◽  
Shahid Raza ◽  
Mohammed Yakub Shareef ◽  
Shahnawaz Anwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Laser ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Exercise Induced

Eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage of pre-adolescent and adolescent boys in comparison to young men

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor C. Chen ◽  
Hsin-Lian Chen ◽  
Yi-Chuen Liu ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Hormone therapy attenuates exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage in postmenopausal women

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Dieli-Conwright ◽  
Tanya M. Spektor ◽  
Judd C. Rice ◽  
E. Todd Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Exercise Induced

Hormone therapy (HT) is a potential treatment to relieve symptoms of menopause and prevent the onset of disease such as osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. We evaluated changes in markers of exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage and inflammation [serum creatine kinase (CK), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and skeletal muscle mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and TNF-α] in postmenopausal women after a high-intensity resistance exercise bout. Fourteen postmenopausal women were divided into two groups: women not using HT (control; n = 6, 59 ± 4 yr, 63 ± 17 kg) and women using traditional HT (HT; n = 8, 59 ± 4 yr, 89 ± 24 kg). Both groups performed 10 sets of 10 maximal eccentric repetitions of single-leg extension on the Cybex dynamometer at 60°/s with 20-s rest periods between sets. Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained from the exercised leg at baseline and 4 h after the exercise bout. Gene expression was determined by RT-PCR for IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and TNF-α. Blood draws were performed at baseline and 3 days after exercise to measure CK and LDH. Independent t-tests were performed to test group differences (control vs. HT). A probability level of P ≤ 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. We observed significantly greater changes in mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and TNF-α ( P ≤ 0.01) in the control group compared with the HT group after the exercise bout. CK and LDH levels were significantly greater after exercise ( P ≤ 0.01) in the control group. Postmenopausal women not using HT experienced greater muscle damage after maximal eccentric exercise, indicating a possible protective effect of HT against exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage.

scholarly journals PO-214 DDAH1 knockout has a protective effect on muscle damage caused by downhill running

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Song ◽  
Xin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Downhill Running ◽  
Access To Water

Objective Purpose：Downhill running can causes muscle damage, called delayed muscle damage and induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction, causing abnormity of skeletal muscle morphology, changing in blood biochemical indexes, and decreasing in function of skeletal muscle systolic. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, is degraded by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1). There were new evidences demonstrated that DDAH1 is an important regulator of cell redox state and apoptosis. In summary, the study shown that DDAH1 is an important regulator of cell redox state and apoptosis. Emerging evidences suggests that DDAH1 controls cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis via a miR-21-dependent pathway. However, the effect and mechanism of DDAH1 on damage of skeletal muscle caused by downhill running is not clear enough. Thus，the purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect and mechanism of DDAH1 in downhill running. Keys: downhill running; delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS); eccentric exercise; skeletal muscle. Methods Method: The experimental mice were 24 female C57 mice of 10 weeks old and 24 female DDAH1 hybrid knockout mice of 10 weeks old. DDAH1 KO mice used for this study was knockout of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 compared with WT mice. Animals were fed standard laboratory chow and had access to water ad libitum. C57 mice were divided into 3 groups: C57 control, C57 48H, C57 120H; DDAH1 KO mice were divided into 3 groups: DDAH1 control, DDAH1 48H, DDAH1 120H. C57 and DDAH1 KO mice used for this study completed a single bout of downhill running exercise (20°, 17 m/min, 60 min), and gastrocnemius muscle, soleus muscle and quadriceps femoris muscle were collected 48 and 120 hours (H) postexercise (PE). C57control group and DDAH1 KO control group dose not exercise. Speed on the treadmill was gradually increased from 10 to 17m/min during a 7-min warm-up period (increased of 1m/min every minute). All experiments were conducted at approximately the same time of day. Maximal grip strength was measured ifor each groups. Grip strength testing was completed to detect post-eccentric exercise injury in C57 and DDAH1 KO mice. All results were analyzed by means of methods of histological and molecular biological. Results Method: The experimental mice were 24 female C57 mice of 10 weeks old and 24 female DDAH1 hybrid knockout mice of 10 weeks old. DDAH1 KO mice used for this study was knockout of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 compared with WT mice. Animals were fed standard laboratory chow and had access to water ad libitum. C57 mice were divided into 3 groups: C57 control, C57 48H, C57 120H; DDAH1 KO mice were divided into 3 groups: DDAH1 control, DDAH1 48H, DDAH1 120H. C57 and DDAH1 KO mice used for this study completed a single bout of downhill running exercise (20°, 17 m/min, 60 min), and gastrocnemius muscle, soleus muscle and quadriceps femoris muscle were collected 48 and 120 hours (H) postexercise (PE). C57control group and DDAH1 KO control group dose not exercise. Speed on the treadmill was gradually increased from 10 to 17m/min during a 7-min warm-up period (increased of 1m/min every minute). All experiments were conducted at approximately the same time of day. Maximal grip strength was measured ifor each groups. Grip strength testing was completed to detect post-eccentric exercise injury in C57 and DDAH1 KO mice. All results were analyzed by means of methods of histological and molecular biological. Conclusions Conclusion: The DDAH1 knockout has a protective effect on delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) caused by downhill running, and accelerate the injury recovery.     

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