scholarly journals Drills or Plays: Some Social Implications in PE Pedagogy

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Arthur Chi Tak WONG
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Ability Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Learning Through Play ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Mean Time

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Personal observations and evaluation reports on teaching practice suggest that PE teachers attending training at the Hong Kong Institute of Education (HKIEd) tend to "over teach" in the sense that they talk too much and put too much emphasis on scientific details such as the mechanical properties of a movement. As more time was spent on explanation and other phases of teaching, learning through play in the applying phase was reduced. Observations also indicated that PE teachers tended to use drills rather than plays or modified games to allow pupils to acquire the criteria performance. A study of 250 lesson plans written by 24 students of an Advanced Certificate of Teacher Education (ACTE) course and 30 students of a Teacher Certificate (TC) course in the HKIEd has also revealed the same tendency. Evidence indicates that the mean time allocation for the applying phase shown by these students is lower than that suggested by textbooks/documents in pedagogy (approximately 50%). "Over teaching" in the above sense may be a socio-political measure in response to the academic movement of our discipline. Drills, which in general facilitate skill refinement, neglect the interest of different ability groups and the two sexes.根據個人觀察及學生實習教學評估報告所得，香港教育學院體育系學生在實習教學時，一般傾向於「過度講授」，在學習前期花太多時間於某些運動科學知識上(例如某些技巧的力學原理)，由於教學上用於講解及其他環節佔用了大部分時間，「技術應用」的機會相應減少。觀察所得亦同時指出，學生在實習教學時亦較喜歡用「操演」的形式，多於讓學生透過實演或模擬遊戲去鞏固有關技術。作者分析24名資深教育証書課程(ACTE)及30名二年制教師証書課程(TC)學生所寫的250份教案，發現學生在課堂上編配予「技術應用」這一環節的時間比率，較一般體育教學文獻所建議的爲低(約課堂時間的50%)。「過度講授」可能是體育界對體育學術化的反響。「操演」有利於技巧的提升，但是忽略了不同技術能力組別及男女之間的興趣差異。

Telephone Calls to an Infectious Diseases Fellow

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-754
Author(s):  
Mark F. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
First Year ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Time

Objective. There is no information on the impact and nature of telephone calls directed to subspecialists. The main objective was to document prospectively all calls directed to a first-year infectious diseases fellow, to determine their content, origin, educational value, and time allocation. Results. Three hundred fifty-nine calls were received over a 71-day period from March 24 through May 20, 1992. The mean number of daily calls was 5.1 ± 3.3. Mean time per call was 7 ± 5.4 minutes. Cumulatively, 41.7 hours were spent responding to telephone calls. The subgroup with the most calls (44.3%) was from pediatricians in practice. Seventy percent of calls were for advice about case management. Forty percent of calls were considered educational to the fellow. Conclusions. This study confirms the importance of the infectious disease subspecialist as a resource for primary care physicians.

scholarly journals Scavenging behaviour by Ergalatax contractus (Gastropoda: Muricidae) and interactions with Nassarius nodifer (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) in the Cape d'Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hong Kong

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Morton
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Shallow Subtidal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Aspects of the feeding behaviour of Ergalatax contractus (Muricidae) were studied. Field experiments demonstrated that large numbers of individuals of this species, comprising ∼90% of a suite of gastropod scavengers, were attracted to baited traps in the subtidal sands of Lobster Bay, Cape d'Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hong Kong. Laboratory experiments identified the effective chemo-detection distances of E. contractus as 60 cm in still and >80 cm in flowing water, respectively. The average times to arrival at bait in still and flowing water were 92.3 and 69.0 min, respectively, but were significantly less for individuals experiencing a longer period of starvation. The mean time taken for E. contractus to consume a meal was 70.6 min.Comparisons were made between Ergalatax contractus and Nassarius nodifer, representative of a suite of sympatric scavenging nassariids in Lobster Bay. The nassariid arrived significantly faster at bait in both still (30.2 min) and flowing water (20.8 min) than E. contractus and fed faster (25.7 min), as is typical of representatives of the Nassariidae. Although the two species partition carrion resources temporally, manipulation experiments provided evidence for inter-specific competition between them. That is, although E. contractus possesses the morphological and behavioural characteristics of a predator, its opportunistic scavenging abilities have led to its success and numerical superiority on the shallow subtidal sands of Lobster Bay. The dominance of E. contractus in Lobster Bay, and elsewhere in Hong Kong, is unusual. Here, the normally predatory E. contractus, far outnumbers all other scavengers, possibly because of an enhanced, largely allochthonous, supply of food which it is able to exploit by virtue of its previously identified opportunistic habit of scavenging the leftovers of other predators. The presence of inter-specific competition between E. contractus and a sympatric suite of nassariids enhances, not impedes, carrion exploitation.

A Case Series of Puffer Fish Poisoning

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
CK Wan ◽  
SH Tsui ◽  
HK Tong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Fish Poisoning ◽  
Puffer Fish ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Different Levels

Puffer fish poisoning caused by tetrodotoxin, a potent neurotoxin, is uncommon in Hong Kong. We report a total of seven cases of puffer fish poisoning with different levels of severity. Two of them developed respiratory distress and subsequently required endotracheal intubation and respiratory support while the others presented with numbness and mild weakness. Most of them experienced perioral numbness as the first symptom. The mean time of symptoms onset was approximately 94 minutes. All of our patients survived the intoxication.

Mechanical Properties and Behaviour of Motor Units in the Tibialis Anterior During Voluntary Contractions

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaël Van Cutsem ◽  
Patrick Feiereisen ◽  
Jacques Duchateau ◽  
Karl Hainaut
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Recruitment Threshold ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Spike Triggered Averaging ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Contractions ◽  
Mean Time

The present work was carried out to analyse the properties and behaviour of Tibialis anterior motor units (MUs) during voluntary contractions in humans. A total of 528 single MU mechanical properties was recorded in 10 subjects by means of the spike-triggered averaging (STA) technique. MU recruitment thresholds and discharge frequencies were recorded during linearly increasing maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The results indicate a mean (±SD) MU torque of 25.5 ± 21.5 mN•m. and a mean time-to-peak of 45.6 ± 13.6 ms. A comparison of the average MU twitch torque with that of the muscle allowed an estimate of about 300 MUs in the Tibialis anterior. A positive linear relationship was recorded between the MU twitch torque and the recruitment threshold. The mean minimal and maximal discharge frequencies of MUs were 8.4 ± 3.0 Hz and 33.2 ± 14.7 Hz, respectively. The results of the present work indicate that MU behaviour during voluntary contractions is different in the tibialis anterior and in the adductor pollicis. Key words: discharge frequency, recruitment threshold, motor unit count

scholarly journals Efforts to Enhance the TVET Teachers Competencies through Apprenticeship Approach Pattern in Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Wayan Ratnata
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Vocational Teachers ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Electrical Engineering Education ◽  
Vocational Teacher ◽  
Teaching Learning

Facing ACFTA (ASEAN -  China Free Trade Area) in 2015 (ASEAN 2012), nations in the region must be ready with variety of challenges that will occur. In this paper will be  focusing how to prepare vocational teachers who will teach in vocational education in order to produce skilled graduates are ready for work and  appropriate to the demands of the world of company or industry. Up to now, the existence of vocational teacher education in the region ASEAN-China (RCP:2012) need to be improved, primarily in teaching learning process and need to have enough experience in company or industry. Indonesia is one of the member of the ASEAN’s Countries still experiences difficulty to improve vocational teachers’ education in order to be ready to teach. The most difficult in preparing of vocational teacher education is in terms of their skill. This study was using case study method,  in which data collected through interview in depth to students in Department of Electrical Engineering Education, Faculty of Vocational and Technology Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. According to the questionnaire done to vocational teachers, students who are doing teaching practice in vocational school, can be concluded that enhancing the quality of vocational teacher education cannot  just be provided through theory and  should also be provided  chance students doing apprenticeship in the world of industry or workplace. In this regard, seemingly it is necessary to have a breakthrough for increasing the students competencies in order fresh graduates are ready for work.

scholarly journals Reticulocyte rigidity and passage through endothelial-like pores

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 3037-3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Endothelial Pores

The importance of cell rigidity in regulating the release of reticulocytes from the bone marrow has been investigated in a model system. Reticulocytes were obtained from phlebotomized rabbits and separated from whole blood by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. The mechanical properties of the cells were tested. Using single-cell micromechanical techniques, the membrane elastic rigidity and the viscoelastic response of reticulocyte and mature cell populations were measured. The reticulocyte membranes were more rigid than the mature membranes, but the reticulocyte properties were heterogeneous, and some cells exhibited behavior indistinguishable from the mature cells. The mean time constant for viscoelastic recovery was the same for reticulocytes as for mature cells, but the variability within the reticulocyte population was greater. The possible influence of this increased rigidity on cell egress from the bone marrow was tested using an in vitro model of the thin endothelial pores found within the marrow. A silicon wafer approximately 0.1 microns in thickness and containing a small (1.2-microns diameter) pore in its center was cemented over the tip of a large (15.0-microns ID) micropipette. The passage of cells through the pore was observed as a function of the pressure across the pore. Consistent with the difference in mechanical properties, the reticulocytes required greater pressures (as great as 4.0 mm Hg compared with less than 1.0 mm Hg) and took longer to traverse the pore. These measurements support the postulate that deformability is important in the regulation of the release of cells from bone marrow.

scholarly journals Reticulocyte rigidity and passage through endothelial-like pores

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 3037-3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Endothelial Pores

Abstract The importance of cell rigidity in regulating the release of reticulocytes from the bone marrow has been investigated in a model system. Reticulocytes were obtained from phlebotomized rabbits and separated from whole blood by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. The mechanical properties of the cells were tested. Using single-cell micromechanical techniques, the membrane elastic rigidity and the viscoelastic response of reticulocyte and mature cell populations were measured. The reticulocyte membranes were more rigid than the mature membranes, but the reticulocyte properties were heterogeneous, and some cells exhibited behavior indistinguishable from the mature cells. The mean time constant for viscoelastic recovery was the same for reticulocytes as for mature cells, but the variability within the reticulocyte population was greater. The possible influence of this increased rigidity on cell egress from the bone marrow was tested using an in vitro model of the thin endothelial pores found within the marrow. A silicon wafer approximately 0.1 microns in thickness and containing a small (1.2-microns diameter) pore in its center was cemented over the tip of a large (15.0-microns ID) micropipette. The passage of cells through the pore was observed as a function of the pressure across the pore. Consistent with the difference in mechanical properties, the reticulocytes required greater pressures (as great as 4.0 mm Hg compared with less than 1.0 mm Hg) and took longer to traverse the pore. These measurements support the postulate that deformability is important in the regulation of the release of cells from bone marrow.

Predicting Daily Maintenance Dose of Fluindione, an Oral Anticoagulant Drug

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 731-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Cazaux ◽  
B Gauthier ◽  
A Elias ◽  
D Lefebvre ◽  
J Tredez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Maintenance Dose ◽  
Successive Approximations ◽  
Hemorrhagic Complication ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Anticoagulant Drug ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Daily Maintenance Dose

SummaryDue to large inter-individual variations, the dose of vitamin K antagonist required to target the desired hypocoagulability is hardly predictible for a given patient, and the time needed to reach therapeutic equilibrium may be excessively long. This work reports on a simple method for predicting the daily maintenance dose of fluindione after the third intake. In a first step, 37 patients were delivered 20 mg of fluindione once a day, at 6 p.m. for 3 consecutive days. On the morning of the 4th day an INR was performed. During the following days the dose was adjusted to target an INR between 2 and 3. There was a good correlation (r = 0.83, p<0.001) between the INR performed on the morning of day 4 and the daily maintenance dose determined later by successive approximations. This allowed us to write a decisional algorithm to predict the effective maintenance dose of fluindione from the INR performed on day 4. The usefulness and the safety of this approach was tested in a second prospective study on 46 patients receiving fluindione according to the same initial scheme. The predicted dose was compared to the effective dose soon after having reached the equilibrium, then 30 and 90 days after. To within 5 mg (one quarter of a tablet), the predicted dose was the effective dose in 98%, 86% and 81% of the patients at the 3 times respectively. The mean time needed to reach the therapeutic equilibrium was reduced from 13 days in the first study to 6 days in the second study. No hemorrhagic complication occurred. Thus the strategy formerly developed to predict the daily maintenance dose of warfarin from the prothrombin time ratio or the thrombotest performed 3 days after starting the treatment may also be applied to fluindione and the INR measurement.

Improving the Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension by Using Inquiry Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gigin Sappena Ginting ◽  
Siti Aisah Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Comprehension Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Comprehension Tests ◽  
Orientation Test

This study attemps to imorove the students’ achivement in reading comprehension through inquiry technique. The study was conducted by using classroom action research. The subjects of the research were the 45 students of Grade XI SMA Negeri 1 Bahorok. It was conducted in two Cycles and consisted of six meetings.The instruments for colecting data used Reading Comprehension tests for quantitative data and Diary Notes, Interview Sheet, and Observation Sheet for qualitative data. Based on the Reading Comprehension score, students score in pre test, kept improving in every test. Based on Diary Notes, Observation sheet and Interview Sheet, it was found that the students were actualy involved in reading process. The results of the reasearch showed that Inquiry Technique can improve the students’ achivement in Reading Comprehension. In orientation test the mean of the students’ score was 53, the mean of the students’ score in Cycle I was 62.07, and the mean of the students’ score in Cycle II was 71.6. Based on the Observation Sheet, Diary Notes, and Interview Sheet, it was found that the teaching-learning process run well. The conclusion is that Inquiry Technique improved the students’ reading Coprehension and it is suggested to the English teacher to apply Inquiry Technique in Reading Comprehension. Keywords : Improving, students’ achievement, Inquiry Technique

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