Response of Cacao Seedlings to Fertilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Thomas Oberthür ◽  
Marianne Samson ◽  
Noel Janetski ◽  
Kate Janetski ◽  
Myles Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Application Rates

Researchers combined a suite of good agricultural practices with fertilizer application. Modest amounts of fertilizer applied to cacao seedlings in the nursery increased seedling growth and nutrient concentrations. There were no significant responses if fertilizer application rates were doubled. Results find it likely that adequate and well-timed supplies of fertilizer nutrients in the nursery will translate into better long-term agronomic performance in farmers’ fields.

scholarly journals Effects of Light and Autotoxicity on the Reproduction of Bidens pilosa L.: From Laboratory to the Field

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
Ming-Tung Hsueh ◽  
Chihhao Fan ◽  
Hsiao-Feng Lo ◽  
Wen-Lian Chang
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Light Requirement ◽  
Dark Treatment ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Seed Reproduction ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Application Rates

In Taiwan, the good agricultural practices for Bidens pilosa L. (Cobbler’s pegs) had been established due to its pharmacology application. However, the reproduction of this species that may cause phytotoxicity to the subsequent crops has not been investigated extensively. We hypothesized that both the phytotoxicity and canopy shading conditions that were altered by agricultural practices might affect its seed reproduction. Three experiments from laboratory, pot and field were conducted under different light treatments and residue application rates to evaluate the light requirement and phytotoxicity on the germination of Cobbler’s pegs. The results showed that the germination in the laboratory, dark treatments was higher than that of light treatment while it was inhibited in the darkness in the pot experiments (24% of the light treatments). Moreover, some seeds in the pot experiments germinated in the far-red light (FR) pretreated dark treatments. This observation indicated that the germination response of the investigated plant might be a very low fluence response (VLFR). Results also showed that the autotoxicity enhanced the germination reduction in the FR pretreated dark treatment while increasing the residues buried in the field. Accordingly, both autotoxicity and canopy shading may inhibit the reproduction of Cobbler’s pegs, but the application method needs further study.

Influence of a One Time Biosolids Application on Elemental and Nutrient Concentrations on Mine Tailings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Ellen Harris ◽  
Wendy Christine Gardner ◽  
Thomas Pypker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Biosolids Application ◽  
Term Benefit ◽  
Storage Facilities

Mine tailings are nutrient deficient, contain no organic matter, and have high metal concentrations preventing the long term establishment of vegetation. The use of organic amendments, including biosolids, can help the revegetation of mine tailings by adding organic matter and nutrients but can increase metals in the receiving soil. There is also uncertainty if biosolids provide a long term benefit, or if the benefits diminish with time. To test this, a study was conducted on two tailings storage facilities, a sand and a silt loam, on a copper mine in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada. In 1998, biosolids were applied at rates between 50 and 250 Mg ha-1 and compared to a control and fertilizer treatment. Plots were sampled in 2000 and 2015 for total and available nutrients and metals. This study showed that 17 years after a one-time biosolids application at different rates, the tailing storage facilities that received biosolids had higher carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and biomass compared to tailings that did not receive biosolids or received conventional fertilizer. Many elements such as C did not change from 2000 to 2015 in biosolids treated plots indicating a long-term benefit to the tailings. Additionally, biosolids did not result in increased concentrations of metals above the national regulatory limits for agriculture. This study suggests that a one-time biosolids application can provide a long-term benefit to tailings, while proper application rates can reduce the risks of metal exceedances.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed in Korea

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Reza ◽  
Jaesung Eum ◽  
Sungmin Jung ◽  
Youngsoon Choi ◽  
Changwon Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Balance ◽  
Agriculture Fertilizer ◽  
Total P

Despite increased attention to the need for sustainable agriculture, fertilizer application rates above crop requirements remain common agricultural practices in South Korea, causing eutrophication of freshwater and coastal ecosystems. The aim of this study is to quantify phosphorus (P) inputs, outputs, and retention in a forested-agricultural watershed. The P budget showed that the combined use of chemical fertilizer and organic compost was the largest source of P (97.6% of the total) followed by atmospheric wet deposition (2.1% of the total P), whereas forest export (0.2% of the total) and sewage treatment plants (STPs) (0.1% of the total) were negligible. The P outputs were crop harvesting and hydrologic export to surface water. The P balance showed that P inputs are higher than the P outputs; approximately 87% of the total P input was retained in the soils within the watershed. However, P concentrations in drainage water were still high enough to cause eutrophication of downstream reservoirs. The results provide important details on the proportion of P export and retention in the watershed. This will help efforts to improve water quality and design better management strategies for agricultural nonpoint source pollution.

Long term response of water and nitrogen fluxes to Good Agricultural Practices at field and catchment scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 145954
Author(s):  
N. Beaudoin ◽  
E. Venet ◽  
J. Maucorps ◽  
C. Vandenberghe ◽  
N. Pugeaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nitrogen Fluxes ◽  
Term Response

scholarly journals Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Genetic Differences in Mineral Nutrition (Part III): Specific Leaflet Mineral Concentrations of High-Yielding Oil Palm Progenies and their Implications for Managing K And Mg Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Sènankpon DASSOU ◽  
Olivier Sènankpon Dassou ◽  
Adolphe Adjadohoun ◽  
Wouter Vanhove ◽  
Reinout Impens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Abstract Background and aims: In oil palm, similar fertilization treatments can result in leaflet potassium and magnesium concentrations that vary significantly from one progeny to another. This hinders the development of standardized fertilizer recommendations for this crop, as they are usually calculated based on optimum leaflet nutrient concentrations.Methods: 4-high-yielding oil palm progenies with contrasting leaflet K and Mg concentrations (C1, C2, and C3 of Deli x La Mé origin and C4 of Deli x Yangambi origin) were treated with combinations of 3-levels of KCl and MgSO4, in a completely randomized split-plot factorial design with 6-replicates, where progenies were a sub-factor.Results: For a given level of KCl or MgSO4, different leaflet K and Mg concentrations were found between progenies (p < 0.0001). Leaflet K concentration and yield response to KCl applications revealed that the four oil palm progenies have different optimum leaflet K concentrations. In our study period (5-8 YAP), progenies C1 and C3 showed their highest fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yields (13.62 and 16.54 t ha-1 year-1, respectively) at K2, whereas progenies C2 and C4 showed their highest yields (14.62 and 12.39 t ha-1 year-1, respectively) at K1. Conclusion: Our study highlighted specific optimum leaflet K and Mg concentrations for different oil palm progenies in a given environment. It paves the way for adopting K and Mg fertilizer application rates adapted to specific requirements of each type of oil palm planting material.

Characteristics of K Nutrient Input/Output and its Balance for Wheat Season in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 678 ◽  
pp. 720-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Min Chuan ◽  
Huai Guo Zheng ◽  
Cui Ping Tan ◽  
Su Fen Sun ◽  
Jun Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Central China ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
North Central ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
K Fertilizer

In this study, the input and output parameters of potassium (K) for wheat season were collected from 2000 to 2011 to evaluate the nutrient cycling and balance in North Central China, the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River and Northwest China. The results showed that the K fertilizer application rates for each region were 74.7, 102.9 and 50.6 kg K/ha, the K brought from previous crop were 99.5, 19.8 and 23.4 kg K/ha, and brought from seeding were 1.0, 0.8 and 0.7 kg K/ha, respectively. The K input from atmospheric deposition and irrigation were all considered zero. The K uptake by harvest in above-ground plant in North Central China, the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River and Northwest China were 131.8, 159.9 and 119.8 kg K/ha. As a result, The K balance in North Central China showed surplus by 43.6 kg/ha, while in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River and Northwest China, the K balance were both deficiency by 36.4 and 45.1 kg/ha, even though it did not affect the crop yield. While it is suggested that we need to adjust the K fertilizer application in a long term, in order to maintain the sustainable soil fertility.

scholarly journals Effect of long-term fertilizer application on yield and concentrations of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in grain of spring barley

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hejcman ◽  
M. Berková ◽  
E. Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Risk Elements ◽  
Application Rates

Little attention has been paid to the effect of long-term fertilizer application on concentrations of elements in grain of barley produced on the metal non-contaminated agricultural soil. In 2010, we analyzed yield and concentrations of elements in grain of spring barley in unfertilized control, mineral fertilizer application (N<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub> &ndash; 70, 60 and<br />100 kg N, P and K per ha) and combinations of farmyard manure or poultry litter with mineral fertilizer (FMN<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub> and PLN<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub>) treatments in the Ruzyně Fertilizer Experiment established on Luvisol in 1955 in Prague (Czech Republic). The yield of grain ranged from 4.03 to 9.74 t/ha in the control and FMN<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub> treatment. There was a positive effect of fertilizer application on concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorusand potassium, but no effect on concentrations of calcium and magnesium. With the exception of iron, concentrations of micro (copper and zinc) and risk elements (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese and nickel) were not significantly affected by the fertilizer treatments. Long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers with appropriate application rates does not represent any risk for contamination of barley grain by risk elements on mineral rich and metal non-contaminated agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Urea Fertilizer Effects on VOC Emissions from Cucumber Fruits Using a MOS E-Nose Sensor Array

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Sana Tatli ◽  
Esmaeil Mirzaee-Ghaleh ◽  
Hekmat Rabbani ◽  
Hamed Karami ◽  
Alphus Dan Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Vector Machines

The widespread use of nitrogen chemical fertilizers in modern agricultural practices has raised concerns over hazardous accumulations of nitrogen-based compounds in crop foods and in agricultural soils due to nitrogen overfertilization. Many vegetables accumulate and retain large amounts of nitrites and nitrates due to repeated nitrogen applications or excess use of nitrogen fertilizers. Consequently, the consumption of high-nitrate crop foods may cause health risks to humans. The effects of varying urea–nitrogen fertilizer application rates on VOC emissions from cucumber fruits were investigated using an experimental MOS electronic-nose (e-nose) device based on differences in sensor-array responses to volatile emissions from fruits, recorded following different urea fertilizer treatments. Urea fertilizer was applied to cucumber plants at treatment rates equivalent to 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg/ha. Cucumber fruits were then harvested twice, 4 and 5 months after seed planting, and evaluated for VOC emissions using an e-nose technology to assess differences in smellprint signatures associated with different urea application rates. The electrical signals from the e-nose sensor array data outputs were subjected to four aroma classification methods, including: linear and quadratic discriminant analysis (LDA-QDA), support vector machines (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN). The results suggest that combining the MOS e-nose technology with QDA is a promising method for rapidly monitoring urea fertilizer application rates applied to cucumber plants based on changes in VOC emissions from cucumber fruits. This new monitoring tool could be useful in adjusting future urea fertilizer application rates to help prevent nitrogen overfertilization.

Food Safety on the Farm: Good Agricultural Practices and Good Handling Practices – Packing Operation Sanitation

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesscia A. Lepper ◽  
Aswathy Sreedharan ◽  
Renée Goodrich Schneider ◽  
Keith R. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Produce Safety ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Safety Rule ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Voluntary Program ◽  
Federal Guidelines

Good agricultural practices (GAPs) and good handling practices (GHPs) encompass the general procedures that growers, packers and processors of fresh fruits and vegetables should follow to ensure the safety of their product. GAPs usually deal with preharvest practices (i.e., in the field), while GHPs cover postharvest practices, including packing, storage and shipping. This factsheet covers GAPs relating to packing operation sanitation. There are seven other Florida Cooperative Extension factsheets in the ‘Food Safety on the Farm’ series that focus on specific aspects of the GAPs program and how they relate to Florida crops and practices. Under the new Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), GAPs are a foundation of the Produce Safety Rule (PSR). Other than for round tomatoes in Florida (T-GAPs regulation), GAPs have mainly been a voluntary program. Additionally the PSR mandates all non-exempt operations to follow these new FSMA federal guidelines (6), but all exempt commodities and for those producers exporting to foreign countries, GAPs may still be required. Both the mandatory PSR and GAPs aim to reduce the foodborne illness burden associated with produce.

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