scholarly journals Enlaces zoonóticos del coronavirus SARS-COV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Iannacone ◽  
Miguel Tejada ◽  
Lorena Alvariño ◽  
Luz Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Manis Javanica ◽  
Key Words Bat ◽  
Rhinolophus Affinis ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Bat Coronavirus

<p>El 11 de marzo del 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró al COVID-19 como una enfermedad pandémica. Al 21 de abril del 2020, se han registrado a nivel mundial en 210 países y territorios, 2.528.396 casos positivos y 174.547 fallecidos por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Se ha sugerido que la enfermedad puede transmitirse en forma zoonótica de animales a humanos. El objetivo del presente trabajo de revisión fue analizar lo publicado con relación al enlace zoonótico del COVID-19. El SARS-CoV-2 posee una estrecha relación con un coronavirus de murciélago, que fue identificado en Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823, en la provincia de Yunnan en China, donde se inició el COVID-19. Un análisis exhaustivo de las relaciones mamífero-hospedero-virus ha demostrado que los murciélagos albergan una proporción significativamente mayor de virus zoonóticos que otras órdenes de mamíferos. El pangolín Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822, es el principal sospechoso de ser el hospedero intermediario debido que, al compararse su material genético viral con el del SARS-CoV-2, mostró una alta similitud. En relación a los animales domésticos, se ha descubierto que hurones y gatos son susceptibles a la infección. En cambio, se replica mal en perros, y los cerdos, pollos y patos no son susceptibles al SARS-CoV-2. De igual forma, no hay evidencia certera que sugiera que los animales domésticos infectados tengan un papel en la propagación del COVID-19 a los humanos.</p><p>Palabras clave: enfermedad viral, COVID19, fauna silvestre, gato, murciélago, pangolín, zoonosis</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p>On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic illness. As of April 21, 2020, 2,528,396 positive cases and 174,547 deaths from SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 have been registered worldwide in 210 countries and territories. It has been suggested that the disease can be transmitted zoonotically from animals to humans. The objective of this review work was to analyze what was published in relation to the zoonotic link of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to a bat coronavirus, which was identified in Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823, in China's Yunnan province, where COVID-19 was started. A comprehensive analysis of mammal-host-virus relationships has shown that bats harbor a significantly higher proportion of zoonotic viruses than other orders of mammals. The pangolin Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822, is the main suspect of being the intermediate host, because when comparing its viral genetic material with that of SARS-CoV-2 it showed a high similarity. In relation to domestic animals, ferrets and cats have been found to be susceptible to infection. In contrast, it replicates poorly in dogs, and SARS-CoV-2 is not susceptible in pigs, chickens, and ducks. Similarly, there is no accurate evidence to suggest that infected pets have a role in the spread of COVID-19 to humans.</p><p>Key words: bat, cat, pangolin, viral disease, wildlife, zoonosis</p>

scholarly journals Novel Antiviral Activities of Obatoclax, Emetine, Niclosamide, Brequinar, and Homoharringtonine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter I. Andersen ◽  
Klara Krpina ◽  
Aleksandr Ianevski ◽  
Nastassia Shtaida ◽  
Eunji Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv 1

Viruses are the major causes of acute and chronic infectious diseases in the world. According to the World Health Organization, there is an urgent need for better control of viral diseases. Re-purposing existing antiviral agents from one viral disease to another could play a pivotal role in this process. Here we identified novel activities of obatoclax and emetine against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), echovirus 1 (EV1), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in cell cultures. Moreover, we demonstrated novel activities of emetine against influenza A virus (FluAV), niclosamide against HSV-2, brequinar against HIV-1, and homoharringtonine against EV1. Our findings may expand the spectrum of indications of these safe-in-man agents and reinforce the arsenal of available antiviral therapeutics pending the results of further in vivo tests.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Disaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Solomon Arigwe Joseph ◽  
Abuhuraira Ado Musa ◽  
Faisal Muhammad ◽  
Tijjani Muhammad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

People began to become ill in late December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and the illness was revealed to be a kind of pneumonia with unusual signs and symptoms. It was eventually discovered as a novel coronavirus, a virus that causes widespread sickness in animals and birds. World Health Organization (WHO) named this new viral disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020.

scholarly journals Preliminary study of coronavirus disease 2019 on pets in pandemic in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 2979-2983
Author(s):  
Hamong Suharsono ◽  
Ali Ghufron Mukti ◽  
Ketut Suryana ◽  
I. Wayan Masa Tenaya ◽  
Dilasdita Kartika Pradana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Background and Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has spread rapidly globally, resulting in a pandemic. In humans, the main routes of transmission are respiratory droplets and close contact with infected individuals or through contact with an object infected with the virus, followed by touching mouth, nose, or eyes. It is assumed that SARS-CoV-2 was originated in wild animals and was then transmitted to humans. Although some wildlife and domestic animals can be naturally or experimentally infected with the virus, the intermediate hosts that transmitted it to humans are still unknown. Understanding the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 associated with possible zoonotic transmission of intermediate hosts is considered critical. Reportedly, cats or dogs living with COVID-19-positive humans tested positive for the disease, suggesting that the virus was transmitted to the animals from humans. Information regarding the epidemiological investigation and comprehensive studies is limited. Therefore, it is still unclear how high is the correlation of infection in humans and pet animals, especially those living together. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pets of patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized at the Wangaya hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of seven clinically asymptomatic pets (six dogs of different races and sexes and a cat [age, 360-2920 days]) were included in this study. These animals belonged to patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from August to November 2020. Nasal swab and nasopharyngeal samples were collected from the pets individually under anesthetic condition and were collected 6-12 days after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in owners and hospitalization at the Wangaya Hospital. The swab samples were then processed for RNA isolation and tested using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2, in accordance with the World Health Organization manual 2020. Results: RT-PCR results for all seven RNA samples, prepared from the swab samples, were negative. For the samples, all PCR products were below the threshold limit, suggesting no genetic material belonging to the samples tested. Conclusion: This was the first preliminary study of COVID-19 on pets in pandemic using RT-PCR. The study tested a very limited quantity of samples, and all of them were negative. However, the way in which the samples were prepared was considered appropriate. Therefore, in further studies, testing of more samples of pets of more individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection is required.

Genetic Material and Sequence Data to Protect Global Health in the Light of Pandemic Outbreaks: Mapping the Legal Landscape under European and International Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-241
Author(s):  
Claudia Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
International Law ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The current pandemic outbreak of corona virus SARS-CoV-2 shows the need for comprehensive European cooperation in drug development and the importance of genetic material and sequence data in research concerning this unknown disease. As corona virus SARS-CoV-2 is spreading across Europe and worldwide, national authorities and the European Union (EU) institutions do their utmost to address the pandemic and accelerate innovation to protect global health. In order to be prepared and to be able to respond immediately to serious epidemic and pandemic diseases, the EU has already adopted the Decision No (EU) 1082/2013 on serious cross-border threats to health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established a global system to collect genetic material and information to protect a global influenza pandemic outbreak. The article describes the current legal landscape under EU and international law.

scholarly journals The Central Role of Non-Structural Protein 1 (NS1) in Influenza Biology and Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nícia Rosário-Ferreira ◽  
António J. Preto ◽  
Rita Melo ◽  
Irina S. Moreira ◽  
Rui M. M. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Viral Disease ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Influenza (flu) is a contagious viral disease, which targets the human respiratory tract and spreads throughout the world each year. Every year, influenza infects around 10% of the world population and between 290,000 and 650,000 people die from it according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and have a negative sense eight-segment single-stranded RNA genome that encodes 11 different proteins. The only control over influenza seasonal epidemic outbreaks around the world are vaccines, annually updated according to viral strains in circulation, but, because of high rates of mutation and recurrent genetic assortment, new viral strains of influenza are constantly emerging, increasing the likelihood of pandemics. Vaccination effectiveness is limited, calling for new preventive and therapeutic approaches and a better understanding of the virus–host interactions. In particular, grasping the role of influenza non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and related known interactions in the host cell is pivotal to better understand the mechanisms of virus infection and replication, and thus propose more effective antiviral approaches. In this review, we assess the structure of NS1, its dynamics, and multiple functions and interactions, to highlight the central role of this protein in viral biology and its potential use as an effective therapeutic target to tackle seasonal and pandemic influenza.

scholarly journals Obstetrics and gynaecology in the era of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4777
Author(s):  
Angela Mary George ◽  
Daniel Manoj ◽  
Sowmya Ramani ◽  
Lalropuii . ◽  
Murugan Timiri Palani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization has declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. The alarming levels of spread and severity of the viral disease has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. Women often face the highest risk of suffering devastating losses from the pandemic. Historically, women’s health has always been inadequately represented in responses to global outbreaks. Resources are often funnelled away from women’s health services towards targets perceived to be more important. Pregnant women with suspected, probable or confirmed COVID-19, should have access to obstetric and foetal medicine, neonatal care as well as mental health and psychosocial support, at facilities ready to tackle maternal and neonatal complications. In this article, we attempt to look at the challenges faced by gynaecologists because of this pandemic, and provide an overview on the current protocols in antenatal care, foetal care, childbirth, and oncological care.

scholarly journals Identificação molecular de SARS-CoV-2 em superfícies ambientais em estabelecimentos de saúde de uma universidade pública no Brasil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-441
Author(s):  
Caio Ricardo Eich ◽  
Barbara Scariot Colombelli ◽  
Kattlyn Larissa Candido ◽  
Luciana Oliveira De Fariña
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Health Organization

Em 11 de março de 2020, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) decretou a pandemia do COVID-19, causado pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, responsável por mais de 4,5 milhões de mortes até o momento. Esta nova realidade exigiu respostas por parte das autoridades e da população, a fim de mitigar a propagação do vírus e evitar o colapso do sistema de saúde, assim como estudos de vigilância em saúde, que possibilitaram um melhor entendimento dos mecanismos de transmissão do vírus e possibilitaram identificar zonas de risco dentro de cidades ou ambientes públicos. Este estudo tem o objetivo de identificar a presença do SARS-CoV-2 dentro da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, a qual fornece serviços de saúde para a população local, assim como realizar um controle interno no Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular (LaBioqMol) da universidade, onde são realizados testes de RT-PCR semanalmente. Foram coletadas 21 amostras de áreas frequentemente tocadas por pessoas, cuja presença do RNA viral e de material genético humano foi identificada por RT-PCR. Em nenhuma das amostras foi detectado a presença do vírus. Entretanto, em 8 (38,1%) das amostras foi verificada a amplificação do gene RNaseP, indicando a presença de células humana. Este estudo auxilia no controle e garantia de qualidade do LaBioqMol e fortalece a visão de que a contaminação do ambiente pelo SARS-CoV-2 é provavelmente menos frequente do que foi anteriormente sugerido no início da pandemia.   On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) decreed the pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for more than 4.5 million deaths to date. This new reality demanded responses from the authorities and the population in order to mitigate the spread of the virus and avoid the collapse of the health system, as well as health surveillance studies, which enabled a better understanding of the mechanisms of virus transmission and made it possible to identify risk zones within cities or public environments. This study aims to identify the presence of SARS-CoV-2 within the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, which provides health services to the local population, as well as to perform an internal control at the university's Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory (LaBioqMol), where RT-PCR tests are performed weekly. Twenty-one samples were collected from areas frequently touched by people, and the presence of viral RNA and human genetic material was identified by RT-PCR. In none of the samples was the presence of the virus detected. However, in 8 (38.1%) of the samples the RNaseP gene amplification was verified, indicating the presence of human cells. This study assists in quality control and assurance at LaBioqMol and strengthens the view that environmental contamination by SARS-CoV-2 is probably less frequent than was previously suggested at the beginning of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Correlación Entre Calidad de Sueño y Calidad de Vida en Estudiantes de Medicina

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Andrés Zúñiga-Vera ◽  
Melissa Coronel-Coronel ◽  
César Naranjo-Salazar ◽  
Richard Vaca-Maridueña
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
De Medicina

Introducción: El sueño es importante para el correcto desempeño del individuo, participa en muchos procesos biológicos. Los estudiantes de medicina frecuentemente no duermen la cantidad recomendada de horas de sueño por día. Esto afecta a su calidad de sueño, con repercusiones en su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre la calidad del sueño según el cuestionario Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) y la calidad de vida según el cuestionario The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL–BREF) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), y describir los factores de riesgo más prevalentes para trastornos de sueño en estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil (UCSG). Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal en estudiantes de Medicina de la UCSG. Resultados: Las encuestas fueron completadas por 211 estudiantes, la media de edad fue 20,8±2,6 años; el 62,1% eran mujeres. La media de IMC fue de 23,1±3,8, el 20,4% de los estudiantes tenía sobrepeso; y el 4,3% tenía obesidad. La puntuación media en el PSQI obtenida en la población estudiada fue de 7,2±3,1; y en el WHOQOL-BREF fue de 60,9%. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, r2, entre ambas variables fue de –0.33 (p: <0.01). Conclusión: La mala calidad de sueño guarda una correlación inversa con la calidad de vida. El dominio de calidad de vida más asociado a mala calidad de sueño fue el dominio físico. El factor de riesgo para mala calidad de sueño más frecuente fue la roncopatía. Palabras clave: calidad, estudiantes, medicina, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Sueño, WHOQOL- BREF

scholarly journals Influenza in Brazil: surveillance pathways

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia Cantarino ◽  
Edgar Merchan-Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Worldwide Network

Influenza is a viral disease of global concern that has demanded the attention of health authorities. Since 1947, as a preventive measure, the World Health Organization monitors viral circulation to define the annual vaccine through a worldwide network of laboratories. This article presents the structuring of influenza surveillance in Brazil and highlights virological surveillance and the role of diagnostic laboratories as well as the expansion of actions to improve detection and expedite responses. The model set corresponds to sentinel surveillance complemented by the universal notification of severe acute respiratory syndrome investigating outbreaks, deaths, and unusual events and monitoring hospitalization and mortality in an expanded surveillance. In this review, we address aspects of influenza surveillance in animals, the need for interagency integration, and the sharing of information in many surveillance systems.

scholarly journals Homology Models of the Papain-Like Protease PLpro from Coronavirus 2019-nCoV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Stoermer
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
3Cl Protease ◽  
Bat Coronavirus ◽  
Homology Models

The December 2019 outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China was rapidly linked to a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV. The rapid spread and severity of the virus has led the World Health Organization to declare it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. We recently described the first homology models of the main 3CL protease from 2019-nCoV, and now present models of the other viral protease, the papain-like protease or PLpro. Whilst the overall viral genome is most closely associated with bat coronaviruses, no bat PLpro crystal structures are known. Wuhan 2019-nCoV PLpro is most closely related to a bat coronavirus PLpro (97% identity), then SARS (80 %) and MERS (29%) and the most promising models presented here are prepared from SARS crystal structure templates.

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