scholarly journals INTERNAL INNOVATION OF TABA IN NORTHERN MALUKU HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE

Humanus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Burhanuddin Burhanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Lexical Innovation ◽  
The Difference

The paper explains the internal phonological and lexical innovations in Taba language in North Maluku from historical linguistics perspective. 200 and 1000 basic and cultural vocabulary, respectively, have been collected using note-taking and recorded interviews in Taba language and other related languages, including Buli, Maba, Sawai, Gebe, and Gane. Data were analysed using horizontal approach, employing intralingual comparative-linking method. The analysis reveals that Taba language has nine phonological propensities which are unidentified in other languages in North Maluku. These include (1) realization of /s/ in the final position, preceded by dental consonants /d, t/; (2) omission, as opposed to appearance in other languages, of the first syllable; (3) realization of vowel /o/ in penultima sylable (otherwise i-o sequence in different syllables); 4) realization of consonant /h/ in ultima and penultima sylables; 5) realization of consonant /c/in the initial potition; 6) regular realization of vowel /a/ in the initial penultima syllable; 7) omission of the first syllable, followed by an addition of either a phoneme or syllable in the final position; 8) realization of /k/ in the final position; and 9) realization of /h/ in the central position. Meanwhile, the internal lexical innovation (the difference with the other five languages of South Halmahera is horizontal) can be observed in as such words that refer to awan ‘cloud’, baik ‘good’, belok ‘to turn’, gigit ‘to bite’, dekat ‘near’, ikat ‘bundle’, jahit ‘stitch’, jarum ‘needle’ and jika‘if’.Key words: internal innovations, historical linguistics, phonological innovations, lexical innovations.INOVASI INTERNAL BAHASA TABA DI MALUKU UTARA: PERSPEKTIF LINGUISTIK HISTORISAbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan menjelaskan inovasi internal aspek fonologi dan leksikal bahasa Taba di Maluku Utara dari perspektif studi linguistik historis. Data berupa 200 kosa kata dasar dan 1000 kosa kata budaya telah dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara/cakap teknik catat dan rekam dalam bahasa Taba, dan lima bahasa lain yang sekerabatnya dengannya, yaitu Buli, Maba, Sawai, Gebe, dan Gane. Lalu, data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan horizontal metode padan intralingual, teknik hubung-banding. Dalam bahasa Taba setidak-tidaknya memiliki sembilan kecenderungan fonologis yang tidak dimiliki oleh bahasa Halmahera Selatan lainnya. Yaitu, (1) merealisasikan bunyi /s/ pada posisi akhir yang diawali konsonan dental /d, t/; (2) mengalami penghilangan suku awal, sedangkan bahasa lain sebaliknya (muncul); (3) merealisasikan vokal /o/ (perendahan vokal) pada silabe penultima (atau pada urutan i-o pada silabe berbeda); (4) merealisasikan konsonan /h/ baik pada silabe penultima maupun ultima; (5) merealisasikan konsonan /c/ pada posisi awal; (6) merealisasikan vokal /a/ secara teratur pada silabe awal penultima; (7) terjadi penghilangan suku awal diikuti oleh penambahan fonem atau silabe pada posisi akhir; (8) merealisasikan /k/ pada posisi akhir; serta (9) merealisasikan bunyi /h/ pada posisi tengah. Adapun inovasi leksikal (perbedaannya dengan lima bahasa Halmahea Selatan lainnya secara horizontal) di antaranya dapat ditemukan pada kata yang bermakna ‘awan’, ‘baik’, ‘belok’, ‘gigit’, ‘dekat’, ‘ikat’, ‘jahit’, ‘jarum’, ‘jika, kalau’, dan sebagainya.Kata kunci: inovasi internal, linguistik historis, inovasi fonologi, dan inovasi leksikal.

The Role and Place of Word Combination in Modern Linquistics

ANCIENT LAND ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Mehriban Zeynal qızı Hacızadə ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Other ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Free Word

The role and place of word combinations in modern English has been the subject of research from time to time. Research on word combinations shows that in most cases there is no difference between free word combinations and phraseological combinations. As for the difference between word combinations, one is ready in the language, and the other is formed in the process of speech. The main reason for the combination of words in the speech process is the interconnectedness of the concepts they express. Thus, the basis of word combinations is the mutual compatibility of the concepts they express. A popular approach to word combinations is to compare the meanings of words in foreign and native languages. Key words: word combination, speech process, concept, category, typology

scholarly journals Cak numerals

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Huziwara Keisuke
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Chittagong Hill Tracts ◽  
Numeral Classifiers ◽  
The Difference

Cak is a Luish language of the Tibeto-Burman language family and it is spoken mainly in the Naikhyongchari subdistrict of Bandarban district, Chittagong Hill Tracts (henceforth, CHT),Bangladesh. In this paper, I briefly describe the Cak numeral system. Numerals in Cak are basically nouns. Cak has two series of cardinal numerals: one is the native Cak numerals and the other is borrowed from Marma. The difference between these two types of numerals is reflected in the classifiers that they take: Cak numerals take native Cak classifiers whereas the numerals borrowed from Marma take classifiers of Marma origin. The native Cak numeral for ‘one' is unique in two respects. First, it changes form according to its phonological environment. Second, it appears after classifiers, while the other numerals precede classifiers. Finally, I show that all the ordinal numerals are borrowed from Pali through Marma. Key words: Cak, Marma, numerals, numeral classifiers, Tibeto-Burman languagesDOI: 10.3329/dujl.v1i2.3714 The Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics: Vol. 1 No.2 August, 2008 Page: 1-10

Comparison of Aero-Bars Versus Traditional Cycling Postures on Physiological Parameters During Submaximal Cycling

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. William Sheel ◽  
Iris Lama ◽  
Patrick Potvin ◽  
Kenneth D. Coutts ◽  
Donald C. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Telemetric System ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the difference in energy expenditure between traditional cycling handlebars and aero-bars during outdoor submaximal cycling. Eleven trained cyclists (age = 29.3 ± 1.9 years, weight = 69.4 ± 3.8 kg, VO2max = 58.1 ± 2.0 ml∙kg−1∙min−1) were randomly assigned a sequence of three hand positions: brake hoods (BH), drop-bars (DB), and aero-bars (AB). Subjects cycled at 30 km∙h−1 in one position for 5 minutes, then recovered until HR fell below 120 bpm. This was then repeated for the other hand positions. All cycling was completed on a standard racing bike fitted with aero-bars. Tire pressure was held constant for all trials. A portable telemetric system (Cosmed K-2) was used to measure VO2, VE and heart rate (HR) during the trials. No statistical differences were observed between AB and DB. Significant differences (p <.05) were found between BH (VE = 66.1 ± 2.7 L∙min−1; HR = 152 ± 4 bpm; VO2 = 1.56 ±.15 L∙min−1) and AB (VE = 61.3 ± 2.8 L∙min−1; HR = 146 ± 4 bpm; VO2 = 1.31 ±.10 L∙min−1). AB provides an energy savings over the traditional BH cycling posture. Key words: aerodynamic handlebars, oxygen consumption, field testing, portable telemetric system

OVARIAN AND ESTROUS ACTIVITY THROUGHOUT THE YEAR IN PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT EWES SELECTED FOR EXTENDED BREEDING SEASON

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. DUFOUR ◽  
M. H. FAHMY ◽  
V. ADELAKOUN ◽  
P. MATTON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Index Group ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
The Difference

Twenty-nine DLS (1/2 Dorset, 1/4 Leicester, 1/4 Suffolk) ewes selected for extended breeding season, were involved in this study which lasted for 18 mo. According to their lambing date relative to January first, 15 ewes had a high lambing index whereas the others had a low index, the difference being 33 days (P < 0.01). Half the ewes were assigned at random to remain nonpregnant throughout the study, whereas the other half was mated in July and August. From 1 May to 15 July, 20 ewes (69%) were cycling of which 81% were from the high and 54% from the low index group (0.05 > P < 0.10). Two ewes (7%) continued cycling throughout the summer, whereas the remaining 18 ewes experienced a period of summer anestrus which occurred on 27 May (± 3.5 days) and lasted for an average of 63 ± 2.6 days. The first ovulation (unaccompanied by estrus) was observed on 29 July (± 2.6 days) the second ovulation, 20 days later was accompanied by estrus. The breeding season in nonpregnant ewes lasted 194 ± 3.2 days ending on 1 Mar. (± 7.3 days). The average lambing date of the 15 pregnant ewes was 8 Jan. (± 2.8 days). Seven of these ewes exhibited at least one ovulation postpartum, but in only two ewes was the ovulation accompanied by estrus. Introducing rams daily indicated that marker rams were successful in detecting only 88% of the ewes in estrus. Sixty-six percent of the false heats were observed prior to resumption of the regular estrous cycle. Key words: Ovarian activity, estrous activity, pregnancy, extended breeding season, estrus detection

Bapak Rumah Tangga: Sebuah Alternatif Profesi?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Toto Suharmanto ◽  
Muhaimin Muhaimin ◽  
Ignatius Hari Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Role Reversal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The World ◽  
Female Attitude ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Attitude Difference

The development of economy in the world makes females have a large opportunity to pursue their career and become the breadwinner. In the other side, so many male that willing to resign from the job and become househusband. This research aims to test the difference of male and female attitude regarding the househusband as profession in our society. The samples used in this research is 200 respondent, consist of 108 male respondents, and 92 female respondents. Using the technique of Mann Whitney statistical test, this research provide the result that there is no difference attitude of male and female toward househusband as profession in our society. Even male and female, as together do not accept this new profession, both are agree that married man should take active role to manage domestic issue in the house, including child caretaking. Key Words : househusband, role reversal, attitude difference

Perceptual and premotor components of unilateral auditory neglect

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Sterzi ◽  
Sylvie Piacentini ◽  
Mario Polimeni ◽  
Francesco Liverani ◽  
Edoardo Bisiach
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Congruent Condition ◽  
Unilateral Neglect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Perceptual Factors ◽  
As If

AbstractRecent investigations have distinguished between ophthalmokinetic and melokinetic factors of unilateral neglect. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible dissociation between melokinetic (premotor) and perceptual factors, avoiding any overt oculokinctic components. We asked four blindfolded left neglect patients to set a dichotic sound in central position, by moving a handle controlling the difference of intensity between the sounds delivered to the left and to the right cars. Two conflicting conditions were used. In the congruent condition, the sound moved in the same direction as the hand movement; in the noncongruent condition, it moved in the opposite direction. One patient performed as if suffering from melokinetic neglect, and another as if suffering from perceptual neglect. The behavior of the other two subjects did not lend itself to a clearcut interpretation. (JINS, 1996, 2, 419–425.)

Morfofonemik Bahasa Talaud

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Lalira
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Structural Linguistics ◽  
Collecting Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Method

The research of Talaud morphophonemics is based on structural linguistic study. There are two sub-disciplines of structural linguistics that contributes in developing and analyzing morphophonemics research, which is morphology and phonology. This research is motivated by the renewal of Talaud language structure and aims to describe the process, formulate rules and identify types of assimilation morphophonemics in Talaud language. This research uses descriptive method. Source of the data is taken from the informants who were native speaker of Talaud language. The data collecting techniques was in terms of observing, oral interactive and note taking. While, technique of analysis data started by describing phonemes, then describing morphemes in the form of free and bound morphemeBased on the result of research, three morphophonemics processes have been found namely processes of change, addition, and deletion of phoneme. From the three processes, phonemic changing process always indicates the sound alignment pattern examined in terms of phonemic homorganic form. For example, the replacement of    / N / to /m/ /n/, /ῃ/, when matched with the word stem beginning with phonemes /b, p/ /d, t/ /h/, respectively. This research has also successfully identified the type of morphophonemics assimilation. The morphophonemic assimilation of Talaud language can be viewed in terms of assimilation types based on where the process occurs and the nature of assimilation. At least there are three types of assimilation based on the place of occurrence, namely progressive, regressive and reciprocal assimilation. On the other hand, the assimilation based on the nature has two types, namely total and partial assimilation. This process of morphophonemics and particularly assimilation is then described in the chart showing the rules of morphophonemics so that, the language phenomena that occur is easily visible. Key words: Talaud language morphophonemics, processes, rules.

Enhancement of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation by Adrenaline in Vivo and Its Prevention

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe authors previously reported a transient decrease in adhesive platelet count and an enhancement of blood coagulability after administration of a small amount of adrenaline (0.1-1 µg per Kg, i. v.) in man and rabbit. In such circumstances, the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation induced by ADP was studied by an optical density method. Five minutes after i. v. injection of 1 µg per Kg of adrenaline in 10 rabbits, intensity of platelet aggregation increased to 115.1 ± 4.9% (mean ± S. E.) by 10∼5 molar, 121.8 ± 7.8% by 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before the injection by 10”6 molar ADP. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01-0.05). The above change was not observed in each group of rabbits injected with saline, 1 µg per Kg of 1-noradrenaline or 0.1 and 10 µg per Kg of adrenaline. Also, it was prevented by oral administration of 10 mg per Kg of phenoxybenzamine or propranolol or aspirin or pyridinolcarbamate 3 hours before the challenge. On the other hand, the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in vitro, when 10-5 or 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before 10∼6 molar ADP was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) of rabbit after incubation at 37°C for 30 second with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 µg per ml of adrenaline or noradrenaline. These results suggest an important interaction between endothelial surface and platelets in connection with the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by adrenaline in vivo.

Energy Approximation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Isett
Keyword(s):  
Main Lemma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Scale ◽  
Continuous Solutions ◽  
Material Derivative ◽  
Energy Variation ◽  
Energy Approximation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Derivatives Of

This chapter presents the equations and calculations for energy approximation. It establishes the estimates (261) and (262) of the Main Lemma (10.1) for continuous solutions; these estimates state that we are able to accurately prescribe the energy that the correction adds to the solution, as well as bound the difference between the time derivatives of these two quantities. The chapter also introduces the proposition for prescribing energy, followed by the relevant computations. Each integral contributing to the other term can be estimated. Another proposition for estimating control over the rate of energy variation is given. Finally, the coarse scale material derivative is considered.

Pengaruh Unsur Budaya Lokal dalam Ungkapan Berbahasa Perancis

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Vincentia Tri Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Minimal Element ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Complex Words

AbstrakFolklor yang menghasilkan tradisi lisan merupakan perwujudan budaya yang lahirdari pengalaman kelompok masyarakat. Salah satu bentuk tradisi lisan adalah ungkapan yangmengandung unsur budaya lokal dalam konstruksinya yang tidak dimiliki budaya lainnya.Ungkapan idiomatis memberikan warna pada bahasa melalui penggambaran mental. Dalambahasa Perancis, ungkapan dapat berupa locution dan expression. Perbedaan motif acuansuatu ungkapan dapat terlihat dari pengaruh budaya masyarakat pengguna bahasa. Sebuahleksem tidak selalu didefinisikan melalui unsur minimal, tidak juga melalui kata-kata,baik kata dasar atau kata kompleks, namun dapat melalui kata-kata beku yang maknanyatetap. Hubungan analogis dari makna tambahan yang ada pada suatu leksem muncul dariidentifikasi semem yang sama. Semem tersebut mengarah pada term yang diasosiasikan danyang diperkaya melalui konteks (dalam ungkapan berhubungan dengan konteks budaya).Kata kunci: folklor, ungkapan, struktur, makna idiomatis, kebudayaanAbstractFolklore which produces the oral tradition is a cultural manifestation born out theexperience of community groups. One form of the oral tradition is a phrase that containsthe elements of local culture in its construction that is not owned the other culture. Theidiomatic phrase gives the color to the language through the mental representation. InFrench, the expression can consist of locution and expression. The difference motivesreference of an expression can be seen from the influence of the cultural community thelanguage users. A lexeme is not always defined through a minimal element, nor throughwords, either basic or complex words, but can be through the frost words whose meaningsare fixed. The analogical connection of the additional meanings is on a lexeme arises fromthe identification of the same meaning. The meaning ‘semem’ leads to the associated termsand which are enriched through the context (in idiom related to the cultural context).Keywords : folklore, idioms, structure, idiom meaning, cultureI PENDAHULUAN

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